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Before Reading: An Encyclopedia Entry

The Taj Mahal is a famous mausoleum located in Agra, India next to the Yamuna river. It was built in the 1600s by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as the final resting place for his wife. The large central dome and four smaller domes are made of white marble, as are the interior archways decorated with precious stones. Surrounding gardens include pathways, pools, and fountains. It receives millions of visitors annually and is considered one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

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254 views6 pages

Before Reading: An Encyclopedia Entry

The Taj Mahal is a famous mausoleum located in Agra, India next to the Yamuna river. It was built in the 1600s by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as the final resting place for his wife. The large central dome and four smaller domes are made of white marble, as are the interior archways decorated with precious stones. Surrounding gardens include pathways, pools, and fountains. It receives millions of visitors annually and is considered one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

Uploaded by

Đào Nguyễn Duy Tùng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An encyclopedia entry

Read an encyclopedia entry on the Taj Mahal to practise and improve your reading skills.

Before reading
Do the preparation task first. Then read the text and do the exercises.

Preparation task
Match the definitions (a–f) with the vocabulary (1–6).

Vocabulary Definition
1. …d a fountain – đài phun nước a. a rounded roof with a circle-shaped base
2. …c a pathway – con đường b. valuable stones like diamonds, rubies and emeralds
3. …a a dome – mái vòm c. a narrow track for walking on
4. …f an archway – cửa vòm d. a structure in a garden or park that pushes water into the air
5. …b precious stones – đá quý e. a type of hard smooth stone that is often used for decoration
6. …e marble – đá hoa cương f. a curved structure, often over an entrance or passage

Reading text: An encyclopedia entry


The Taj Mahal (pronounced /tɑːdʒ m'hɑːl/) is a famous mausoleum next to the river Yamuna in
the Indian city of Agra. A mausoleum is a building where people bury the dead. The name Taj
Mahal means ‘the crown of palaces’.
1.
The most famous part of the Taj Mahal is the large white dome in the centre. It is 35 metres
high and is surrounded by four smaller domes. The rooms inside the building are decorated
with beautiful archways and precious stones in the walls. The buildings are surrounded by
gardens with pathways, pools, fountains (water features) and green gardens.
2.
The construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632 and finished in 1653. It was built with materials
from all over India and Asia, but the main material is white marble. Historians believe that the
materials were transported by over 1,000 elephants for the construction.
3.
The emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a burial place for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
According to legend, he wanted to build another Taj Mahal in black on the other side of the river,
but this never happened. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, many parts of the Taj Mahal
were damaged by British soldiers, who took some of the precious stones from its walls. Over the
years, the Taj Mahal has suffered from environmental damage, and there have been many
government attempts (nỗ lực) to conserve (bảo tồn) its beauty.

1
4.
The Taj Mahal is one of India’s most famous landmarks. There are millions of visitors to the
mausoleum every year. The Taj Mahal is almost always included in lists of famous buildings to
visit and is considered one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. It is also a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.
5.
• Encyclopedia Britannica article on the Taj Mahal: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Taj-
Mahal
• Official site of the Taj Mahal: https://www.tajmahal.gov.in/
• UNESCO Profile of the Taj Mahal: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252

Tasks

Task 1
Match the paragraphs (1–5) with the best paragraph headings (a–f). One heading is not
needed.

Paragraph Heading
1. …d… a. History
2. …c… b. Gallery
3. …a… c. Architecture
4. …e… d. Construction
5. …b… e. Tourism
Not needed …f… f. References – tư liệu tham khảo

Task 2
Are the sentences true, false or not mentioned?

1. Mausoleums are always constructed in white marble


- Các lăng mộ nói chung luôn luôn dùng đá trắng

a. True b. False

2. There are water features – công trình nước (thác nc, bể bơi, …) in
the gardens of the Taj Mahal.

2
a. True b. False c. The text doesn’t say.

3. The construction of the Taj Mahal never finished.

a. True b. False c. The text doesn’t say.

3
4. The materials for the Taj Mahal are not all from India. (& all over Asia )

a. True b. False c. The text doesn’t say.

5. There was a black Taj Mahal on the other side of the river.

a. True b. False c. The text doesn’t say.

6. The British destroyed the Taj Mahal in the 20th century.

a. True b. False c. The text doesn’t say.

7. The Indian government is trying to protect the Taj Mahal.

a. True b. False c. The text doesn’t say.

8. The Taj Mahal is the most visited building in India.

a. True b. False c. The text doesn’t say.

Discussion
What famous places have you seen?
Answers

Preparation task
1. d
2. c
3. a
4. f
5. b
6. e

Task 1
1. c
2. d
3. a
4. e
5. f
Not needed b

Task 2
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. b
6. b
7. a
8. c

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