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01 Introduction

This document provides an introduction and overview of data analytics and big data. It discusses the current trend of increasing data volume and variety from various sources. The key characteristics of big data, known as the 3Vs, are volume, variety and velocity. The lecture introduces concepts such as small data versus big data, challenges in tools and techniques for big data, and major players in the big data field like Hadoop, MapReduce, and Apache. Examples of big data tools and technologies are also provided.

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ARUOS Soura
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124 views

01 Introduction

This document provides an introduction and overview of data analytics and big data. It discusses the current trend of increasing data volume and variety from various sources. The key characteristics of big data, known as the 3Vs, are volume, variety and velocity. The lecture introduces concepts such as small data versus big data, challenges in tools and techniques for big data, and major players in the big data field like Hadoop, MapReduce, and Apache. Examples of big data tools and technologies are also provided.

Uploaded by

ARUOS Soura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Analytics

(CS61061)
Lecture #1
Introduction to Data

Dr. Debasis Samanta


Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Quote of the day..

It is very easy to be a teacher, but very difficult to be a


student.
A good student has to learn many concepts, perform in
examinations, loyal to his teacher and others.
 Quote from Hichcki, a Hindi feature film directed by Siddharth P.
Malhotra.

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 2


In this discussion…
Introduction to data

Current trend

Data and Big Data

Big Data vs. small data

Tools and techniques

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 3


Introduction to Data

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 4


Introduction to data
Example:
10, 25, …, Kharagpur, 10CS3002, [email protected]
Anything else?

Data versus Information


100.0, 0.0, 250.0, 150.0, 220.0, 300.0, 110.0

Is there any information?

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 5


Current Trend

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 6


How large your data is?
 What is the maximum file size you have
dealt so far?
 Movies/files/streaming video that you have
used?

 What is the maximum download speed you


get?
 To retrieve data stored in distant locations?

 How fast your computation is?


 How much time to just transfer from you,
process and get result?

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 7


Growth of data

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 8


Sources of data
 “Every day, we create 2.5 quintillion bytes of data
 So much that 90% of the data in the world today has been created in the
last two years alone.

 The data come from several sources


 sensors used to gather climate information
 posts to social media sites,
 digital pictures and videos
 purchase transaction records
 cell phone GPS signals

etc. …… to name a few!

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 9


Examples

Social media and networks Scientific instruments


(All of us are generating data) (Collecting all sorts of data)

Sensor technology and


Mobile devices networks
(Tracking all objects all the time) (Measuring all kinds of data)

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 10


Big Data

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 11


Now data is Big Data!
No single standard definition!

‘Big-data’ is similar to ‘Small-data’, but bigger


…but having data bigger consequently requires different approaches
 techniques, tools and architectures

…to solve: new problems


…and, of course, in a better way

Big data is data whose scale, diversity, and complexity require new
architecture, techniques, algorithms, and analytics to manage it and extract
value and hidden knowledge from it…
@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 12
Characteristics of Big Data: V3

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 13


V3 : V for Volume
 Volume of data, which needs to
be processed is increasing
rapidly
 More storage capacity
 More computation
 More tools and techniques

Exponential increase in
collected/generated data

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 14


V3: V for Variety
 Various formats, types, and
structures
 Text, numerical, images, audio,
video, sequences, time series, social
media data, multi-dimensional
arrays, etc…

 Static data vs. streaming data

 A single application can be


generating/collecting many types of
data
To extract knowledge all these types of
data need to be linked together

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 15


V3: V for Velocity
 Data is being generated fast and need to be
processed fast
 For time-sensitive processes such as catching
fraud, big data must be used as it streams into
your enterprise in order to maximize its value

 Scrutinize 5 million trade events created each


day to identify potential fraud

 Analyze 500 million daily call detail records in real-


time to predict customer churn faster

 Sometimes, 2 minutes is too late!


 The latest we have heard is 10 ns (nano
seconds) delay is too much

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 16


Big Data vs. small data
- Optimizations and predictive analytics
- Complex statistical analysis
- All types of data, and many sources
- Very large datasets
- More of a real-time

- Ad-hoc querying and reporting


- Data mining techniques
- Structured data, typical sources
- Small to mid-size datasets

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 17


Big Data vs. small data
 Big Data is more real-time in nature
than traditional applications

 Big Data architecture


 Traditional architectures are not
well-suited for big data applications
(e.g. Exa-data, Tera-data)

 Massively parallel processing, scale


out architectures are well-suited for
big data applications

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 18


Tools and Techniques

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 19


Challenges ahead…

The bottleneck is in technology


New architecture, algorithms, techniques are needed

Also in technical skills


Experts in using the new technology and dealing with Big data

Who are the major players in the


world of Big Data?

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 20


Big data players

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 21


Major players…
Google

Hadoop

MapReduce

Mahout

Apache Hbase

Cassandra
@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 22
Tools available
NoSQL
DatabasesMongoDB, CouchDB, Cassandra, Redis, BigTable, Hbase, Hypertable, Voldemort, Riak,
ZooKeeper

MapReduce
Hadoop, Hive, Pig, Cascading, Cascalog, mrjob, Caffeine, S4, MapR, Acunu, Flume, Kafka, Azkaban,
Oozie, Greenplum

Storage
S3, HDFS, GDFS

Servers
EC2, Google App Engine, Elastic, Beanstalk, Heroku

Processing
R, Yahoo! Pipes, Mechanical Turk, Solr/Lucene, ElasticSearch, Datameer, BigSheets, Tinkerpop

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 23


Any question?

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 24


Questions of the day…
1. What is the smallest and largest units of measuring size
of data?

2. How big a Quintillion measure is?

3. Give the examples of a smallest the largest entities of


data.

4. Give FIVE parameters with which data can be


categorized as i) simple, ii) Moderately complex and iii)
complex?
@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 25
Questions of the day…
5. What type of data are involved in the following
applications?
1. Weather forecasting

2. Mobile usage of all customers of a service provider

3. Anomaly (e.g. fraud) detection in a bank organization

4. Person categorization, that is, identifying a human

5. Air traffic control in an airport

6. Streaming data from all flying aircrafts of Boeing

@DSamanta, IIT Kharagpur Data Analytics (CS61061) 26

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