Introductory Mechanics Formulas

GME m N
g= 2 = 9.81 2 = 9.81 ; RE = 6.4 × 10 6 m ; ME = 6.0 × 10 24 kg ; G = 6.67 × 10 −11 N · m2 /kg2
RE s kg
Vector Principles
A~ = Ax î + Ay ĵ + Az k̂ ⇒ (Ax , Ay , Az ) ; ∆A
~≡A ~ initial ; ~a · ~b = ab cos θ ; |~a × ~b| = ab sin θ
~ final − A
Kinematics Z t Z t
d~r d~v d2~r 0 0 ∆~r ∆~v
~r = xî + y ĵ ; ~v ≡ ; ~a ≡ = 2 ; x(t) = x0 + v(t )dt ; v(t) = v0 + a(t0 )dt0 ; ~vav ≡ ; ~aav ≡
dt dt dt 0 0 ∆t ∆t
Constant Acceleration Kinematics
1 1 1
~v = ~v0 + ~at ; ~r = ~r0 + ~v0 t + ~at2 ; ~r = ~r0 + (~v0 + ~v )t ; x = x0 + (v 2 − v02 )
2 2 2a
Rotational Kinematics
s dθ dω d2 θ ds d2 s ∆θ ∆ω
θ≡ ; ω≡ ; α≡ = 2 ; vt = = ωr ; at = 2 = αr ; ωav ≡ ; αav ≡
r dt dt dt dt dt ∆t ∆t
Uniform Circular Motion
v2 2πr
acent = ar = = ω2r ; T =
r v
Simple Harmonic Motion s s
r
1 m L I
x(t) = A cos(ωt + δ) ; f = ; ω = 2πf ; Tmass−spring = 2π ; Tpend = 2π ; Tphys−pend = 2π
T k g mgD
Dynamics, Friction & Gravity
F~net Gma mb
= ~a ; F~AB = −F~BA ; |fs | ≤ µs N ; |fk | = µk N ; F spring = −kx ; F~ab
grav
=− 2
grav
r̂ab ; Fearth,m = w = gm
m rab
Work, Energy Z & Momentum
1 dU
Z Z Z
WbyF ~ = F~ · d~
s = F x dx + Fy dy + Fz dz ; K = mv 2 ; ∆U = −WBCF ; Fint,cons = −
2 dx
GM m 1 2
Ug = − ; Ug = mgy ; Usp = kx ; Wext = ∆Esys = ∆K + ∆Ug + ∆Usp + ∆Echem + ∆Etherm ; f ∆s = ∆Etherm
r 2
dW dP~
Z
= F~ · ~v ; v2f − v1f = −(v2i − v1i ) ; p~ = m~v ; I~ = F~ dt = ∆~
X
P ≡ p; Fext =
dt dt
Systems of Particles R
1 X ~rdm
~rcm = mi~ri ; ~rcm = R
Mtot dm
Rotational Dynamics Z
1 2 dW
Z
~ = ~r × p~
X
2 2 2
I= mi ri ; I = r dm ; Ip = Icm + M h ; K = Iω ; Wrot = τ dθ = ∆Krot ; P = = τω ; L
2 dt
dL~
~τ = ~r × F~ ; τ = r⊥ F ; ~ = I~
X X
~τ = I~
α; ~τ = ; vcm = rω ; acm = rα ; L ω
dt
Moments of Inertia
cylindrical shell: Icm = M R2 ; disk: Icm = (1/2)M R 2 ; rod: Icm = (1/12)M L 2 ;
solid sphere: Icm = (2/5)M R 2 ; hollow sphere: Icm = (2/3)M R 2
Waves s
2π 2π ∂ 2 y 1 ∂2y ω F
y(x, t) = A sin(kx − ωt) ; ω = 2πf = ; k= ; = 2 2 ; vwave = f λ = ; vwave on string =
T λ ∂x2 v ∂t k µ
s r s
γP γRT B 1 Pav
vair = = ; vsolid = ; Pav = µω 2 A2 v ; Iav = ;
ρ M ρ 2 4πr2
   
I W 1
β = (10dB) log10 ; I0 = 10−12 2 ; ysw = A sin(kx) cos(ωt) ; ∆Lconst = mλ ; ∆Ldest = m + λ
I0 m 2
       
θ1 − θ 2 θ1 + θ 2 θ1 + θ 2 θ1 − θ 2
A sin θ1 + A sin θ2 = 2A cos sin ; A sin θ1 − A sin θ2 = 2A cos sin
2 2 2 2