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Read The Passage Below.: Points and Lines

1. Geometry began in ancient civilizations like Babylonia and Egypt where people needed practical ways to measure land and volumes. The Greeks further advanced geometry by asking "why?" and seeking logical proofs. 2. Euclid organized all known Greek geometry in his famous book Elements in 300 BC. Modern geometry includes not only shapes on Earth but relationships between geometric objects. 3. Fundamentally, geometry studies points and lines. A point has no dimensions, a line extends indefinitely but a line segment is finite with defined endpoints.

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68 views2 pages

Read The Passage Below.: Points and Lines

1. Geometry began in ancient civilizations like Babylonia and Egypt where people needed practical ways to measure land and volumes. The Greeks further advanced geometry by asking "why?" and seeking logical proofs. 2. Euclid organized all known Greek geometry in his famous book Elements in 300 BC. Modern geometry includes not only shapes on Earth but relationships between geometric objects. 3. Fundamentally, geometry studies points and lines. A point has no dimensions, a line extends indefinitely but a line segment is finite with defined endpoints.

Uploaded by

Huy Nhat
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2. Read the passage below.

POINTS AND LINES


Đoạn tô màu vàng được
sửa lại như sau: Geometry is a very old subject. It probably began in Babylonia and Egypt. Men
needed practical ways fet, as the knowledge of the Egyptians spread to Greece, the
Men needed practical Greeks found the ideas about geometry very intriguing and mysterious. The Greeks began
ways for measuring
their land, for
to ask “Why? Why is that true?”. In 300 B.C all the known facts about Greek geometry
building pyramids, were put into a logical sequence by Euclid. His book, called Elements, is one of the most
and famous books of mathematics. In recent years, men have improved on Euclid’s work.
for defining volumes.
The Egyptians were
Today geometry includes not only the shape and size of the earth and all things on it, but
mostly concerned also the study of relations between geometric objects. The most fundamental idea in the
with study of geometry is the idea of a point and a line.
applying geometry to
their everyday
problems. Yet, as the The world around us contains many physical objects from which mathematics has
knowledge of developed geometric ideas. These objects can serve as models of the geometric figures.
Egyptians spread to The edge of a ruler, or an edge of this page is a model of a line. We have agreed to use the
Greece, the Greeks
found the ideas about word line to mean straight line. A geometric line is the property these models of lines
geometry very have in common; it has length but no thickness and no width; it is an idea. A particle of
intriguing dust in the air or a dot on a piece of paper is a model of a point. A point is an idea about
and mysterious.
an exact location; it has no dimensions. We usually use letters of the alphabet to name
geometric ideas. For example, we speak of the following models of point as point A,
point B and point C.

.B

A .
C
We speak to the following as line AB or line BA.

A B

The arrows on the model above indicate that a line extends indefinitely in both
suuur
directions. Let us agree to use the symbol ↔ to name a line. AB means line AB. Can
suuur
you locate a point C between A and B on the drawing of AB above? Could you locate
another point between B and C? Could you continue this process indefinitely? Why?
Because between two points on a line there is another point. A line consists of a set of
points. Therefore a piece of the line is a subset of a line. There are many kinds of subsets

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suuur
of a line. The subset of AB shown above is called a line segment. The symbol for the
line segment AB is AB . Points A and B are the endpoints, as you may remember. A line
segment is a set of points on the line between them. How do line segment differ from a
line? Could you measure the length of a line? Of a line segment? A line segment has
definite length but a line extends indefinitely in

each of its directions.


suuuur
Another important subset of a line is uuuuu
called
r
a ray. That part of MN shown below
is called ray MN. The symbol for ray MN is MN .

A ray has indefinite length


uuuuu
r and only one endpoint. The endpoint of a ray is called
its vertex. The vertex of MN is M. In the drawings above you see pictures of a line, a
line segment and a ray – not the geometric ideas they represent.

Comprehension check
1. Are the statements True (T) or False (F)? Correct the false sentences.
a. A point is an idea about any dot on a surface.
b. A point does not have exact dimension and location.
c. We can easily measure the length, the thickness and the width of a line.
d. A line is limited by two endpoints.
e. A line segment is also a subset of a line.
f. Although a ray has an endpoint, we cannot define its length.
2. Answer the following questions.
a. Where did the history of geometry begin?
b. Who was considered the first starting geometry?
c. What was the name of the mathematician who first assembled Greek
geometry in a logical sequence?
d. How have mathematicians developed geometric ideas?
suuur
e. Why can you locate a point C between A and B on the line AB ?
f. How does a line segment differ from a line, a ray?

3. Writing
Based on the reading text, continue the following definitions.
a. A point is …………………………………………………… .
b. A line is ……………………………………………………... .
c. A line segment is …………………………………………… .

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