Tarikh:…………………………………….. 1 Hari………………….

A . NISBAH DUA KUANTITI

Tips penting.

1) Nisbah ialah perbandingan dua kuantiti dari jenis yang sama.

Contoh: Nisbah 40 sen kepada RM2.00

= 40 sen : RM2.00
= 40 sen : 200 sen
= 40 : 200
=1:5

a
2) Nisbah a kepada b ditulis sebagai a : b atau
b

EXERCISE 1 2. Determine whether the following pair of ratios

are equivalent ratios or not equivalent
ratios.
1) Nyatakan nisbah berikut dalam bentu a : b.

a. 13 g kepada 18 g = a. 3 : 5 , 24 : 20 …………………….

b. 2 cm kepada 10 cm = b. 6 : 7 , 36 : 49:……………………..

c. 250 g kepada 1 kg = c. 12 : 54 , 2 : 9 ………………………

d. 8 : 48 , 4 : 24 ……………………
d. 1 minutes kepada 1 hour =

e. 25 : 40 , 15 : 36 ……………………

e. 3 hari kepada 1 miinggu =

g. 28 : 12 , 42 : 18 ………………….

Simplifying the ratios to its lowest term

f. 29 cm kepada 0.3 m
i) The ratios of whole number .
A pair of quantitiy can be simplified if a ratio
has a common factor.
g. 7 bulan kepada 1 tahun
Contoh:
5 2
25 : 10 = 5 : 2
Nisbah serupa.

1 3 1 3
3 : 9 , 4 : 12 = serupa
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 2 Hari………………….

EXERCISE 2 2. Permudahkan setiap nisbah berikut dalam

bentuk termudah.
1. Permudahkan nisbah berikut dalam bentuk
termudah.
2 1
a. :
3 6
a. 4 : 36

b. 24 : 84 1 4
b. : =
3 7

c. 20 : 8

1
c. 8 : =
3
d. 42 : 21

e. 9 : 27

5 3
d. : =
ii) The ratios of Fraction 6 8

Kaedah 1
Mendarab setiap pecahan dengan GSTK.
4 3
2 3 2 3
Contoh: :   12 :  12
3 4 3 4

= 8 : 9
1 1
Kaedah 2 e. 1 : =
3 4
Sistem membahagi
2 3 2 3 2 4 8
:      =8:9
3 4 3 4 3 3 9

2 3
f. 2 :1 =
5 10
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 3 Hari………………….

iii) Nisbah perpuluhan . e. 0.3 9 : 2.1

Kaedah membahagi.
0 .2
Contoh 0.2 : 0.04 =
0.04

20
=
4

5
= f. 1.2 : 2.4
1

= 5 : 1

3. Permudahkan setiap nisbah berikut dalam

bentuk termudah.

C. Hubungan antara dua nisbah

a. 0.02 : 0.01
Contoh : Jika a : b = 6 : 5 , maka cari :

i) b : a = 5 : 6

ii) a : a+b = 6 : 6+5

6 : 11
b. 0.4 : 0.08
iii) a+b : a–b=6+5 : 6–5
= 11 : 1

c. 0.12 : 0.18 EXERCISE 3

a. Diberi K : L = 12 : 5 , nyatakan nilai-nilai

bagi nisbah berikut

a. K : K+L=
d. 2 : 1.6

b. K : K–L=
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 4 Hari………………….
c. a = 10 when b = 9
a = 45 when b = 18

c. L : K+L = d. p = 4 when q = 5
p = 16 when q = 20

d. L : K–L=

2. Find the values each of proportions following.

The first number is done fou you.

B. PROPORTION a. x : 6 = 14 : 42

Definision : A statement expressing the x : 6

equality of two ratios. ×7 ×7
Ex: x : y = a : b a,b,x and y are whole
numbers. 14 : 42

If m and n are two values of a quantity x , x=2

whereas p and q are two values of another
quantity y , hence x is proportional to y if : b. 8 : x = 56 : 21

m p
 or m : n = p : q
n q

EXERCISE 4
18 x
c. =
1. State whether the following pairs of quantities 5 20
are in proportion..

a. m = 3 when n = 7
m = 9 when n = 20

4 32
d. =
7 x

b. x = 1 when y = 2
x = 4 when y = 8

e. x : 12 = 10 : 24
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 5 Hari………………….

f. 3 : 7 = x : 12
k. The mass ratio of Chandra to Muthu is
2 : 3. , if the mass of Muthu is 63 kg ,
calculate the mass of Chandra?.

g. 6 : x = 24 : 36

l. Omega Publisher produced the Bahasa

h. Given that p : q = 3 : 7 , Find the value of Melayu Ditionary and English Dictionary .
p if q = 35. Given that the cost of Bahasa Melayu
dictionary and English dictionary in the
ratio 8 : 9. If the cost of Bahasa Melayu
dictionary is RM 24 , calculate the cost of
English dictionary.

i. Given that the marks of x : y = 4 : 5 ,

Calculate m if n = 45.

j. Given that the ratio p to q is 2 : 9. Find the

value of q if p = 30.
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 6 Hari………………….

Calculate the value of a ratio with proportion 4. p : q = 2 : 7 dan p + q = 72

method.

Example:
Find the value of x if x : y = 2 : 5
and x + y = 28.

x : y x+y

2 : 5 7
×4 ×4 ×4

8 : 20 28 b. Using proportion method to calculate the

following value of m and n .

1. m : n = 8 : 5 dan m – n = 33.
EXERCISE 5

a. Using proportion method , calculate the

following value of p and q .

1. p : q = 3 : 8 dan p + q = 55 2. n : m = 1 : 5 dan m – n = 24.

3. m : n = 11 : 9 dan m – n = 6.
2. p : q = 12 : 7 dan p + q = 79

4. n : m = 3 : 10 dan m – n = 49.
3. p : q = 4 : 7 dan p + q = 66
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 7 Hari………………….

B. CONCEPT OF RATIO OF THREE

QUANTITIES

A. Simplifying the ratios. c. 10 mm : 5 cm : 0.1 m

Examples: i) 4 hari : 2 minggu : 2 hari

2 7 1
4 : 14 : 2 = 2 : 7 : 1

d. 15 : 9 : 18
iii. 1. 6 : 4 : 2.4 = 1.6 : 4.0 : 2.4

= 1.6 × 10 : 4.0 × 10 : 2.4 × 10

2 5 3
= 16 : 40 : 24

= 2 : 5 : 3
e. 60 : 40 : 80

1 1
iii) 1 : : 1
2 4

3 1
= : : 1
2 4
2) Ratios of fraction .
3 1
=  42 : × 41 : 1 ×
2 4 1 1
4 a. 2 : :
3 6

= 6 : 1 : 4

EXERCISE 6

1) Ratios of the whole number.

1 3
Simplify the following ratios to their lowest b. 1 : : 2
5 10
term.

a. 6 hari : 2 minggu : 8 hari.

1 1 2
c. 2 : 1 : 1
b. 80 g : 0.05 kg : 100 g 2 4 3
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 8 Hari………………….
= ……………..

3) Ratios of decimal. e. z : x + y = …………...

a. 6 : 1.2 : 0.42 = ……………

f. x : z - y = ………………

= ………………

C. Calculation related the ratio of three

quantities.
b. 1.2 : 2 : 1.5
i) Example : Find the value of m and n

i) m : n : 9 = 4 : 2 : 3

m : n : 9
÷3 ÷3 ÷3

c. 3. 6 : 0.9 : 4.5 4 : 2 : 3

m = 12 , n = 6

EXERCISE 8

i) Find the following value of m and n .

B. Builds the ratio of two quantities from the
ratio of three quantities. a. 4 : m : 6 = 2 : 7 : n

EXERCISE 7

Given that : x : y : z = 4 : 7 : 8 , state

the following ratio two quantities to their lowers
terms.

a. x : z = …………….. b. 28 : 40 : m = n : 10 : 6

= ……………..

b. x : y = ……………..

…………….
c. y : z = ……………… c. m : n : 22 = 3 : 6 : 11

d. x : y + z = ……………..
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 9 Hari………………….

5) If x : y : z = 4 : 11 : 7 and y – z = 24 ,
ii) Calculate of the following values of p , q and r hence find x + y + z..

1) p : q : r = 2 : 3 : 4 if p + q + r = 18

p : q : r p + q + r

2 : 3 : 4 9
×2 ×2 ×2 ×2

4 6 8 18

p=4 , q=6 , r = 8

6) If x : y : z = 8 : 13 : 15 and z – x = 35, find

x : y : z
2) p : q : r = 7 : 5 : 8 if p + q + r = 60.

D. Solving problems related the ratio of three

quantities.
3) p : q : r = 9 : 10 : 14 if p + q + r = 165 EXERCISE 8

1) Mr. Lim is devided his benefits to Mr.Tan ,

Mr .Lim and Mr.Ramli followed the ratio of
2 : 5 : 3. If Mr..Lim obtained RM 10 000,
calculate the sum of Mr Lim’s benefits.

4) If x : y : z = 3 : 2 : 5 and x - y = 7 ,
hence calculate x + y + z.

2) The ratio of savings of Din , Edi and Fuad is

1 : 7 : 11. If the difference between Edi’s
savings and Fuad’s savings is RM24, find the
amount of Edi’s savings.
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 10 Hari………………….

3) The marks of Mathematic Test of Ahmad , Ah E. Builds the ratio of three quantities from
Meng and Muthu is in the ratio 3 : 5 : 2. If the ratios of two kuantities.
difference marks of Ah Meng and Ahmad is 44
, find the marks of Muthu. Example : If a : b = 1 : 4 and b : c = 2 : 7 ,
find a : b : c.

a : b b : c

1 : 4 2 : 7

×1 ×1 ×2 ×2

1 : 4 : 14

4) En.Rajoo is divided his monthly salary RM a : b : c = 1 : 4 : 14

3900 on food ,expenses and savings followed
the ratio 4 : 7 : 2 respectively. Calculate the
monthly saving of En.Rajoo.

EXERCISE 9

Find the following ratio of a : b : c .

1. a : b = 3 : 2 and b : c = 3 : 5

5) The height of Hasrul , Badrul and Daud are

in the ratio 5 : 7 : 6. If the Badrul’s height
is 40 cm more than Hasrul’s height , find
the total height of all of them.

2. a : b = 5 : 3 and b : c = 4 : 9

6) Given that x : y : z = 4 : 7 : 2. If the

highest value of x is 52, calculate the real
value of y – z..

3. a : b = 11 : 7 and b : c = 3 : 10
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 11 Hari………………….

4. Given that x : y = 5 : 4 dan y : z = 3 : 2, 6 The ratio of Ahmad’s age to Kassim’s age

hence find x : y : z. is 3 : 2 and the ratio of Kasim’s age to
Farid’s age is 4 : 5. Find the ratio of age
of Ahmad to Kassim to Farid.

5. Given that a : b = 5 : 3 and b : c = 4 : 9 7 Zubaidah , Fauziah dan Fatimah adalah tiga

hence find a : b : c. orang adik beradik. Nisbah umur Zubaidah
kepada umur Fauziah ialah 10 : 3 dan
nisbah umur Fauziah kepada umur Fatimah
ialah 1 : 2. Jika umur Zubaidah ialah 30
tahun , berapakah umur Fatimah.
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 12 Hari………………….
D 17 : 12
ASSESSMENT TEST
3 13
Simplify :1 .
6 8 32
1 7 13
Simplify :1 .
11 22 A 3 : 32
B 4 : 15
A 2:5 C 4 : 17
B 2:7 D 8 : 15
C 14 : 13
D 14 : 35
7 Simplify 0.5 : 15.5 .
Given that p : q  3 : 7, find the ratio of A 1: 5
2 p : (q  p) . B 1 : 11
C 1 : 31
A 3:3 D 1 : 80
B 3: 4
C 3: 7 8 Which of the following ratios is not
D 7:4 9
equivalent to ?
4
Given that s : t  5 : 11, which of the
3 following is not true? A 4
3:
3
A s : (t  s)  5 : 16 B 1
B s : (t  s)  5 : 6 4 :2
2
C t : (t  s)  5 : 6 C 18 : 8
D (s  t) : (t  s)  16 : 6 D 27 : 16

4 Simplify 0.06 : 9.6 .

A 1 : 80
B 1 : 96
C 1 : 160
D 3 : 160
9 3 13
5 Given that p : q  12 : 5, find the ratio of Simplify :1 .
8 32
q:pq .
A 3 : 32
B 4 : 15
C 4 : 17
D 8 : 15

10 1
Simplify 4 : 3 .
2
A 5:7
B 5 : 12 A 4:3
C 5 : 17 B 4:5
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 13 Hari………………….
C 8:5
D 8:7 13 The ratio of the volume of container X to
the volume of container Y is 4 : 7. Given
11 The ratio of the perimeter of field P to the that the volume of container X is 224 m3 ,
perimeter of field Q is 3 : 8. Given that the find the volume of container Y.
perimeter of field P is 216 cm, find the
perimeter of field Q. A 8.8
B 17.6
A 81 cm C 20
B 243 cm D 24
C 576 cm
D 729 cm
16 The ratio of 28 cm to 3.2 m to 0.8 km in
the lowest form is
12 Given that x : y  14 : 15 and y  x  30.
Find the value of y. A 1 : 80 : 200
B 7 : 8 : 2 000
A 200 C 7 : 80 : 20 000
B 350 D 7 : 80 : 200 000
C 420
D 450
17 Given that x : y : z  12 : 15 : 17 and z  51,
find the value of x  y.

A 108
B 81
C 55
D 77

18 The figure below shows a triangle.

A 128 m 3
B 336 m3
C 392 m3
D 448 m3 If p : q : r  3 : 9 : 13 and p  q  r  125 cm,
find the area of the triangle, in cm3 .
14 Given that p : q : r  1 : 2 : 3. Determine the
value of q : (p  q  r). A 487.5
B 975
A 1: 2 C 1 462.5
B 1: 3 D 1950
C 1: 5
D 1: 6

15 Given that x : y : z  12 : 15 : 18 and

x  9.6, find the value of x  z.
Tarikh:…………………………………….. 14 Hari………………….
19 The ratio of marks scored by Jeremy, The ratio of marks scored by Gan, Jane
Murthy and Rosnani in a Mathematics test and Zubaidah in a Mathematics test is
is 3 : 4 : 5. The difference of marks 2 : 5 : 3. The difference of marks between
between Jeremy and Murthy is 12. What is Gan and Jane is 24. What is Zubaidah's
Rosnani's score? score?
A 56
B 58
C 60
D 62

20 The length of the below shown figure is in

the ratio of AB : BC : AC  1 : 3 : 6.

Find the length of AC  BC.

A 22 cm
B 24 cm
C 26 cm
D 28 cm
A 308
22 The ratio of height of building X, building B 310
Y and building Z is 18 : 32 : 5. The C 312
difference of height between the tallest D 314
and shortest building is 864 m. What is
the height of building X?

A 488 m
B 520 m
C 560 m
D 576 m

23 Given that x : y  4 : 5 and y : z  5 : 2,

find the ratio of
(a) x : y : z

(b) z : x  y  z