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Module 12 Physical Science

Ancient astronomers were able to observe key astronomical phenomena before the advent of telescopes, including: 1) The rising and setting of the sun in the east and west respectively and the varying points of sunrise and sunset throughout the year. 2) The phases of the moon over a 29.5 day period. 3) Lunar and solar eclipses occurring when the earth or moon blocks the sun from the other's view. 4) The daily and annual motions of the stars across the night sky. 5) The planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn which appear to move differently from the fixed stars.

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Elixa Hernandez
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473 views

Module 12 Physical Science

Ancient astronomers were able to observe key astronomical phenomena before the advent of telescopes, including: 1) The rising and setting of the sun in the east and west respectively and the varying points of sunrise and sunset throughout the year. 2) The phases of the moon over a 29.5 day period. 3) Lunar and solar eclipses occurring when the earth or moon blocks the sun from the other's view. 4) The daily and annual motions of the stars across the night sky. 5) The planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn which appear to move differently from the fixed stars.

Uploaded by

Elixa Hernandez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Achieve Great Things, Initiate Changes, Transform from Better to best, Excel and Remain Humble

Olinsterg Bldg., Maharlika Highway, Poblacion III, Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines


Telefax Number: (042)-545-6547 / Cell No. 0922-8934738
PHYSICAL SCIENCE

I. UNIT NO. & TITLE: Unit II: Physics Matters


II. LESSON NO. & TITLE: Lesson 12: Astronomical Phenomena Known to Astronomers before the Advent of
Telescopes
III. WEEK NUMBER: Week 11
IV. MODULE NUMBER: Module 12
V. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students must be able to:
 Cite examples of astronomical phenomena known to astronomers before the
advent of telescopes
VI. REFERENCES : Teaching Guide for Senior High School ( Physical Science) Published by the Commission on
Higher Education, 2016

https://www.facebook.com/notes/physical-science/lesson-66-astronomical-phenomena-known-to-astronomers-
before-the-advent-of-teles

VII. ACTIVITY: Finding Out Ideas : Write your own opinion about the question below

Which planets are easily seen in


the sky without the aid of
telescopes? How do you say so?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________

Write your answers in the box.

VIII. DISCUSSION:

Learn about it!

Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are easily seen in the sky without the aid of telescopes. These planets can be easily
confused with stars and are only seen at specific times of the day. The best time to look for these planets would be before sunrise and
after sunset.
Even before the invention of the telescope, ancient people have already observed different astronomical phenomena.

The most observable objects in the sky are the sun and moon.

Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations used a primitive version of a sundial, called gnomon, in systematically observing the motion of the
sun. By looking at the shadows that the gnomon casts, they were able to observe that the sun rises in the eastern part of the sky,
reaches its highest point in midday, and sets in the western part of the sky.

Also, they recorded that the points where the sun rises and sets on the horizon varies over a year and these variations happen
periodically. They observed that these variations are related to weather and so concluded that seasonal changes in climate happen
during a course of one year.

Phases of the Moon

Ancient people have observed that the moon changes its path and its appearance within a period of 29.5 days. They observed that the
moon changes its appearance from thin semi-circular disk to full circular disk. These phases of the moon is the basis of ancient
calendars.

Lunar Eclipse
Besides their observation in the different phases of the moon, they also noticed that there are times when the moon or part of it
seemed to be covered by a shadow for a brief moment. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth casts its shadow on the moon when the
Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.

A phenomenon such as this is known as a lunar eclipse wherein the moon changes into a dark or blood red color.

Solar Eclipse

Aside from lunar eclipse, the occurrence of a solar eclipse was also observed. Solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is in between the
Sun and the Earth and the moon partially or completely blocks out the sun.

The Motion of the Stars


It was also observed that the stars appear to be attached to a celestial sphere that rotates around an axis in one day. This axis
intersects the celestial sphere at a point in the northern sky and is presently close to the northern star, Polaris. Also, the constellations’
positions in the night sky vary depending on the time of the year.

Visibility of Planets

Astronomers have discovered that Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are planets because they have noticed that the stars are
in a fixed position with respect to each other (like how constellations are always grouped). But there are very bright stars that change
positions periodically. These “stars” do not belong to any group of constellations in the sky. Thus, they are called "wanderers” or
planetes in Greek terms.

.
 Key Points

Even before the advent of the telescopes, ancient astronomers were able to observe the:

 rising and setting of the Sun in the east and the west, respectively,
 point where the Sun rises and sets in the horizon varies in a year,
 phases of the moon,
 lunar eclipse,
 solar eclipse,
 daily and annual motion of the stars, and
 planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
IX. PRACTICE/APPLICATION/SYNTHESIS: (See worksheet #12)
X. ASSESSMENT: (See worksheet #12)
XI. REFLECTION: (See worksheet #12)

Achieve Great Things, Initiate Changes, Transform from Better to best, Excel and Remain
Humble
Olinsterg Bldg., Maharlika Highway, Poblacion III, Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines
Telefax Number: (042)-545-6547 / Cell No. 0922-8934738

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
WORK SHEET NO. 12
Name: ______________________________ Grade & Section:___________________
I. PRACTICE/APPLICATION/SYNTHESIS:

Answer the following:


1. What are the astronomical phenomena known to astronomers before the advent of
telescope?

2. What are the examples of astronomical phenomena?


3. What do astronomical phenomena mean?

4. What do astronomers do with telescopes?

II. ASSESSMENT:

1. Illustrate and discuss the phases of the moon.

2. Explain how solar and lunar eclipse occur


III. REFLECTION:

List down the activities that you did for this week and identify among those activities where you can apply the
lesson/s that you have learned from this module. Write your answer below with minimum of at least five
sentences.

III. FEEDBACK: (Teacher’s comments or reactions after submission and checking.)

Prepared by: Checked By:


VI-JAY D. SALCEDO,LPT JOAN B. DIMACULANGAN,LPT
Subject Teacher Academic Coordinator
Noted By:
LAARNI L. TOLENTINO,LPT
School Principal

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