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Introduction To C&I

This document discusses control systems and instrumentation used in power plants. It defines control as minimizing the deviation between desired and actual values. Instruments are used for control, data acquisition, monitoring and logging. Instruments are classified as binary, showing two states, or analog, showing continuous measurable quantities like pressure, temperature, level etc. It describes common instruments used for measurement in power plants and actuators used to open and close valves. Piping and instrumentation diagrams and interconnection diagrams are discussed. Finally, it touches on concepts like permissives, interlocks, protections and setpoints as they relate to control systems with an example of a control valve and lube oil temperature control.

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Holly Smith
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
453 views

Introduction To C&I

This document discusses control systems and instrumentation used in power plants. It defines control as minimizing the deviation between desired and actual values. Instruments are used for control, data acquisition, monitoring and logging. Instruments are classified as binary, showing two states, or analog, showing continuous measurable quantities like pressure, temperature, level etc. It describes common instruments used for measurement in power plants and actuators used to open and close valves. Piping and instrumentation diagrams and interconnection diagrams are discussed. Finally, it touches on concepts like permissives, interlocks, protections and setpoints as they relate to control systems with an example of a control valve and lube oil temperature control.

Uploaded by

Holly Smith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

BY:-

Md. Akram Ansari


Engineer (C&I)
Power Sector – Technical Services
Purpose of the session
n What is control.
n Why instruments are used.
n Different type of instruments.
n Area of application.
n Drawing and documents related to C&I
n Permissive, Interlock and Protection.
n EXAMPLE OF CONTROL SYSTEM.
Control system

Purpose:

To minimize the deviation between desired


value and actual value

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Instrumentation
Ø Need of instrumentation

ü Control :- Before controlling any


parameter measurement is required.
ü Data acquisition:- Conversion of signal
from one form to another.
ü Data logging .
ü Monitoring etc

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Classification

Broadly classified as
v Binary instruments:- Shows only two
states yes/no OR open/close OR 0/1
ü Limit switches

ü Pressure switches

ü Temperature switches etc

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Classification (cont.)
v Analog instruments:- Shows continuous
value of the quantity being measured.
Measurable quantities are
ü Pressure
ü Temperature
ü Displacement
ü Level
ü Voltage, Current etc
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Power plant instrumentation
Ø Pressure Measurement:-
ü Pressure transmitter
ü Pressure switches
ü Differential pressure transmitter
ü Differential pressure switch
Ø Temperature Measurement:-
ü Resistance Temperature Detector
(RTD)
ü Thermocouple
ü Temperature switch
Ø Power Measurement:-
ü Current: CT, Ammeters
ü Voltage: PT, Voltmeters
ü Wattmeter / Energymeter
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Power Plant Instrumentation (cont.)
Ø Displacement measurement
ü Potentiometer type
ü Linear Variable Differential Transformer
(LVDT)
Ø Flow measurement
ü Flow Transmitter

Ø Level Measurement
ü Level switch
ü Level transmitter

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Controllers / Actuators
Actuators are required for opening/closing
valves, gates etc.

Types of Actuators:-
n Hydraulic : Used for fast speed operations
n Pneumatic: Used for moderate speed &
moderate control applications
n Motor / Servo operated: Used for low speed &
highly controlled applications

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Piping and Instrumentation
Diagram (P&ID)
Definition :-
A diagram which shows the interconnection
of process equipment and the
instrumentation used to control the process.
Ø A standard set of symbols is used to
prepare drawings of processes.
Ø Symbols descriptions are available with
the drawing.

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Interconnection Diagram
Definition:-
Diagram showing interlinkage
between electronic units/sensors
and Terminal boards of Junction
box/ control room panel.
Different terminologies used are:-
Ø TB- terminal board
Ø JB- Junction box
Ø SFD- Signal Flow Diagram

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Terminology of control system
n Permissive
n Interlock
n Protection
n Set point/ reference point
CONTOL SYSTEM
n Operation of control valve
n Lube oil temperature control.
5/21/2009

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