300+ Computer Hardware Interview Questions and Answers 2021
300+ Computer Hardware Interview Questions and Answers 2021
Home » COMPUTER HARDWARE Questions pdf » 300+ Computer Hardware Interview Questions and Answers
COMPUTER HARDWARE Interview Questions :-
1. What is a computer?
Accepting data
Processing Data
Storing Data
Displaying Data
Minicomputer is a midsized multiprocessing and multi user computer. It is also called mid-range server. But mainframes are
huge computers, most commonly occupying entire rooms or floor. It is highly costly.
the fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require
immense amounts of mathematical calculations. For example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of
supercomputers include animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration.
input devices are used for giving input to the computer. But output devices are used to get the result back from the computer.
the examples of input devices are keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera atc…whereas output devices include monitor,
printer, projector etc….
Storage devices are used to store data in the computer. the different types of storage devices are:
1. Magnetic Devices.
2. Optical Devices.
3. Solid-State Storage Devices.
7. What do you mean by a processing device? What are the various types of processing devices?
the main function of a computer is to process data. the various types of processing device in a computer are:
Microprocessor
Chipset
BIOS
Serial port and parallel port are used for transferring data in/out of the computer. in serial port transmission only 1 bit is
transmitted at a time. Most serial ports on personal computers conform to the RS-232C or RS-422 standards. A parallel
interface for connecting an external device such as a printer. On PCs, the parallel port uses a 25-pin connector (type DB-25) and
is used to connect printers, computers and other devices that need relatively high bandwidth. It uses parallel transmission of
data.
9. What is an interface?
these are the communication channel that enables your computer to exchange information with various devices.
the most important electronic component on the computer. It is a programmable logical device for processing data. in the world
of personal computers, the terms MICROPROCESSOR and CPU are used interchangeably.
11. What are the Factors affecting the Speed of the Microprocessor?
the following are the factors affecting the speed of the microprocessor.
in a hierarchical structure there is a grouping of things into levels. there is a “top” level and then a series of lower levels under it.
It’s all about abstraction. At each level you describe a concept with enough detail for you to have a good feel for what lies below
it. Here’s a snipet from Brian Harvey’s course notes, Reading Material for: CS 61A, for his first class.
Multitasking- Enables the processor to do multiple programs simultaneously by fast switching through the programs. Here
doesn’t have the involvement of multiple processors.
Multiprocessing- Enables the processor to do multiple programs simultaneously by the use of multiple processors.
Front Side Bus. Another name for the system bus. the Front Side Bus connects the CPU to main memory. A microprocessor bus
that connects the CPU to a Level 2 cache is called Back Side Bus. Typically, a backside bus runs at a faster clock speed than the
Front Side Bus.
15. What is packaging a microprocessor? What are the different packaging available?
Packaging is the process of connecting a microprocessor with a computers motherboard. the types of microprocessor packaging
are;
PGA
SPGA
SECC
LGA
An LGA socket is the connection point for a central processing unit (CPU. to fit into a motherboard. the LGA stands for Land
Grid Array.
Reduced instruction Set Computer (RisC. and Complex instruction Set Computer (CisC. are two philosophies by which
computer chips are designed. RisC became a popular technology buzzword in the 1990s, and many processors used in the
enterprise business segment were RisC-based.
the intel Pentium is a series of microprocessors first developed by the intel Corporation. these types of processors have been
found in many personal computers since 1993.
there have been a number of Pentium processor lines starting with the base Pentium in 1993.the of the recent Pentium entries
are Pentium III and Pentium 4.
a. in a Pentium III processor, the bus speed is generally 133 MHz (although there were a few with 100 MHz). the lowest bus
speed on a Pentium IV is 400 MHz, and there are versions with much higher speeds (topping at 1066 MHz for the “extreme
edition”).
c. Pentium III processors had (for the most part. about 512 KB of cache. Pentium 4 processors, on the other hand, start at 512
KB.
20. What are the differences between intel Celeron and Pentium family of Processors?
Celeron
According to Build Gaming Computers, Celeron processors are the low-end processor intended for standard home computer
use. Scinet reports the best Celeron processor has an L2 Cache of 128kb, a clock speed limit of about 2.0 GHz and runs at a core
voltage of 1.75V. these are useful numbers for comparison.
Pentium
the top Pentium processor is the Pentium 4 Prescott. CPU Scorecard reports it has an L2 cache of 1MB (1024kb), a potential 3.0
GHz clock speed and runs at about 1.4V. the lowest performing Pentium 4 processor, the Willamette, has an L2 cache of 256kb,
a potential 2.0 GHz clock speed and runs at about 1.7V.
A thread of execution, or simply a “thread,” is one series of instructions sent to the CPU. Hyper-threading is a technology
developed to help make better use of spare processing cycles. Hyper-threaded processors have a duplicate set of registers, small
spaces of high-speed memory storage used to hold the data that is currently needed to execute a thread. When a CPU core is
delayed, waiting for data to be retrieved from another place in memory, it can use these duplicate registers to spend the spare
computation cycles executing a different thread. the second set of registers will be pre-loaded with the data needed to execute
the second thread, so the CPU core can begin work immediately
the intel Atom family of processors are extremely small central processing units (CPU. found mostly in ultraportable devices,
such as netbooks, cell phones and tablet PCs, according to intel. While small and light on energy use, Atom processors can
handle the most common tasks, such as email and instant messaging.
Nehalem is intel’s new microprocessor architecture the Core i7 chips were the first processors ever produced using an
architecture called Nehalem.
25. Which is the processor suitable from intel family of processors for Server and Workstation?
intel Xeon.
28. Write socket LGA 775 is apt for which type of intel Processors?
the top of the line for the LGA775 series CPU socket was the Core 2 processor series, with the Core 2 Duo E8600, Core 2
Extreme QX9770 and Core 2 Quad Q9650 being the three top performers
29. Socket 939 is developed by AMD. It supports a maximum of how many bits of computing? What are the
the different processors of AMD is suitable for this socket?
AMD Athlon 64, AMD Athlon 64FX and AMD Athlon 64 X2.
30. Which type of socket is needed to connect a dual core processor of intel?
Socket LGA 775.
31. What is Heat Sink? What is its use? If it is not in the system what will happen?
A heat sink is a component used to lower the temperature of a device.It is most commonly there on the microprocessor. If it is
not properly fixed the system, the system will shutdown automatically to prevent further damage to the processor.
34. Upgrading a microprocessor is just physically replacing a processor with a new one. Before doing so we have to make sure
that the processor we want to use for your upgrade is physically compatible with the socket on your computer’s motherboard.
We also have to make sure that the motherboard has the internal logic to support the processor.
the main memory in a computer is called Random Access Memory. It is also known as RAM. This is the part of the computer
that stores operating system software, software applications and other information for the central processing unit (CPU. to have
fast and direct access when needed to perform tasks.
39. What is Cache memory? What is the advantage if a processor with more cache memory you are using?
Cache memory is the memory area between RAM and Processor. If cache memory increases the speed of the system will also
improved.
1. SRAM :
Static RAM stores each bit of data on six metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, or MOSFETs. SRAM is used in
devices that require the fastest possible data access without requiring a high capacity. Some examples are CPU caches and
buses, hard drive and router buffers and printers.
2. DRAM :Dynamic RAM stores data using a paired transistor and capacitor for each bit of data. Capacitors constantly leak
electricity, which requires the memory controller to refresh the DRAM several times a second to maintain the data.
44. Which is the latest DDR version? Which processor of intel will support it?
the latest DDR version is DDR-III. intel’s all latest processors such as Core i3,i5 and i7 will support it.
47. Which is the memory packaging suitable for a sub-note book system?
Micro DIMM
62. What is ATX? How it is different from AT? Which is using now?
AT is a short for advanced technology, the AT is an IBM PC model introduced in 1984. It includes an intel 80286
microprocessor, a 1.2MB floppy drive, and an 84-key AT keyboard. the ATX form factor specified changes to the motherboard,
along with the case and power supply. Some of the design specification improvements of the ATX form factor included a single
20-pin connector for the power supply, a power supply to blow air into the case instead of out for better air flow, less overlap
between the motherboard and drive bays, and integrated I/O Port connectors soldered directly onto the motherboard. the ATX
form factor was an overall better design for upgrading.
64. What is PCI slot? How is different from PCI Express (PCI-E)?
Short for PERIPHERAL COMPONENT inTERCONNECT, a local bus standard developed by intel Corporation. PCI Express
(Peripheral Component interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe, is a computer expansion card standard designed
to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards.
70. Which is the chipset needed for intel Core i7 and Core i5 processors?
intel Core i7 900-series uses x58 chip set and Core i7 800-series and Core i5 processors runs on P55 chipset.
1. Power Connectors
2. Memory Support
3. Hard Disk Support
4. System Case
75. One system is not starting, but the fan is working. What is the problem?
78. What are the different types of Form Factors of Power Supply?
AT , ATX, Flex ATX, Micro ATX etc…
83. What are the different color cables found in Molex connector? What is the Power of it.
-12V –Blue, -5V –White, 0V –Black, +3.3V –Orange, +5V –Red, +12V –Yellow.
85. Power supply fan is not working and it emits a lot of sound. What will the probable cause?
Most of the time this issue arises due to lots of dust is accumulated on the fan motor.
89. How many tracts and sectors found in a normal floppy dick?
91. How can you format a floppy? What is happening if you do so?
insert the floppy to the system and open my computer. there we can find the icon. Just right click and select format option.
Otherwise we can use format command . Formatting a floppy will creates sectors and tracks on the floppy.
92. System is not showing floppy disk drive icon in Mycomputer.What will the probable cause?
the device is not detected or disabled.
93. I have inserted a new floppy disk into my drive. the data can be read. But not able to make modifications.
Why?
the disk may be in write protected mode.
94. What is HDD? What are the different types available in the market now?
A hard disk drive (HDD; also hard drive or hard disk. is a non-volatile, random access digital magnetic data storage device. It is
the secondary storage media. there are different types of hard disk, based on the the intefaces they used we can classify them as
IDE, SATA, SCSI etc…
IDE- integrated Drive Electronics (IDE. it has a 40/80 pins connector. IDE transfer speed of data up to 100/133 MB per second
few time ago mostly use IDE.
98. What is SCSI? is the SCSI Hard Disk is needed for a home purpose?
SCSI is Small Computer System interface , is a type of interface used for computer components such as hard drives, optical
drives, scanners and tape drives. SCSI is a faster, more robust technology than IDE amd SATA, and has traditionally been
utilized in servers. Aside from speed, another great advantage over IDE and SATA is that the SCSI card can connect 15 or more
devices in a daisy chain. the controller assigns each device its own SCSI ID, allowing for great flexibility towards expanding any
system. It is more costly. It is not needed for a home purpose.
rock
JANUARY 6, 2017 AT 7:02 AM
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