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Deductive Argument Premise 1: vs. X - X

This document summarizes three Supreme Court of the Philippines cases related to murder and rape. For the murder case, it outlines the elements required to prove murder, applies those elements to find the defendants guilty based on eyewitness testimony, and states that the penalty for murder is reclusion perpetua. For the second murder case, it uses deductive reasoning to again find the defendants guilty of murder. For the rape case, it notes that rape convictions rely on victim testimony and credibility assessments by the trial court, and that the appellate court defers to the trial court's findings on credibility.

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Junjun Casano
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60 views

Deductive Argument Premise 1: vs. X - X

This document summarizes three Supreme Court of the Philippines cases related to murder and rape. For the murder case, it outlines the elements required to prove murder, applies those elements to find the defendants guilty based on eyewitness testimony, and states that the penalty for murder is reclusion perpetua. For the second murder case, it uses deductive reasoning to again find the defendants guilty of murder. For the rape case, it notes that rape convictions rely on victim testimony and credibility assessments by the trial court, and that the appellate court defers to the trial court's findings on credibility.

Uploaded by

Junjun Casano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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G.R. No.

218466
January 23, 2017
MANNY RAMOS, ROBERTO SALONGA and SERVILLANO NACIONAL, Petitioners,
vs.
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.
x-----------------------x
G.R. No. 221425
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
MANNY RAMOS, ROBERTO SALONGA a.k.a "JOHN," "KONYONG" SALONGA and
SERVILLANO NACIONAL @ "INONG" @ DIONISIO NACIONAL, Accused-Appellants.

Deductive Argument

Premise 1
To successfully prosecute the crime of Murder, the following elements must be
established: 
(a) that a person was killed; 
(b) the accused killed him or her; 
(c) the killing was attended by any of the qualifying circumstances mentioned in Article
248 of the Revised Penal Code; and 
(d) the killing is not parricide or infanticide. 

Premise 2

In the instant case, the prosecution, through the testimony of eyewitness


Reynaldo, had established beyond reasonable doubt that: the accused-appellants
chased, ganged up, and eventually, killed Rolando, and likewise, it was shown that
they deliberately used weapons (i.e., gun and bamboo stick), which rendered Rolando
defenseless from their fatal attacks. Thus, such killing was attended with the qualifying
circumstance of abuse of superior strength, which perforce warrants accused-
appellants' conviction for Murder.

Conclusion
Therefore, in the instant case, there being no aggravating or mitigating
circumstance present except for abuse of superior strength which was used to qualify
the killing to Murder, accused-appellants must be meted the penalty of reclusion
perpetua. Under Article 248 of the RPC, as amended by RA 7659, Murder is
punishable by reclusion perpetua to death.
February 1, 2017
G.R. No. 224583
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee
vs.
MICHAEL PALANAY y MINISTER, Accused-Appellant

Premise 1

The distinctive nature of rape cases, conviction usually rests solely on the basis of the testimony of
the victim, provided that such testimony is credible, natural, convincing, and consistent with human
nature and the normal course of things.

Premise 2

The evaluation of the credibility of witnesses and their testimonies is a matter best undertaken by
the trial court given its unique opportunity to observe the witnesses firsthand and to note their
demeanor, conduct, and attitude under grilling examination.

Conclusion.

Thus, the victim's credibility becomes the primordial consideration in the resolution of rape cases.
In this regard, factual findings of the trial court, its calibration of the testimonies of the witnesses,
and its conclusions anchored on its findings are accorded by the appellate court high respect, if not
conclusive effect, more so when affirmed by the CA. Thus, the victim's credibility becomes the
primordial consideration in the resolution of rape cases.

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