STANDARDIZED TOOL

Introduction:-

A standardized tool is a instrument that is administered and scored in a

consistent,or“standard”,manner.Standardized tests are designed in such a way that the
questions,conditions for administering,scoring procedures,and interpretations are consistent
and are administered and scored in a predetermined,standard manner.

Definition:-

 Standardized tools is an assessment tools are techniques used to measure a student’s

academic abilities, fluency and skills in a specific subject or to measure one’s
progress toward academic proficiency in a specific subject area.

 Standardized tools refer to learning methods educators use to make informed

decisions regarding strategies to enhance student learning. This helps determine if
learning interventions are needed to ensure student success.

 Standardized tools that offers consistent procedures and uniform application,has the
potential to compile and compare findings across book-reading studies.

Standardized tools are used to measure~

 intelligence
 aptitude
 interest
 personality
 achievement
 socio-economic status scale
 special mental and physicalabilities

INTELLIGENCE
Introduction: The concept of intelligence goes back to the Latin verb intellegere, meaning
the acquirement, processing and storage of information. From this point of view, intelligence
is restricted to the cognitive, mental abilities of the human being. We use the term
intelligence here to mean academic intelligence.The capacity for logic, understanding, self-
awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking,
and problem-solving.

Definition-

 Intelligence means the manner with which an individual deals with facts and
situation.
 Intelligence is the aggregate or the global capacity of the individual to act
purposefully to think rationally and to deal effectively with the environment.

 Intelligence is a capacity of excellence individual in the various areas.

Intelligence is creativity.-Guilford

 Intelligence is a goal directive behaviour-Binet

Three Broad Areas Of Intelligent Behavior

Abstract or general intelligence-

it is an ability to understand and manage ideas and symbols such as words,numbers,legal

decisions.

Mechanical intelligence-

it is the ability to understand and manage things and mechanisms such as knife,a gun,a
moving machine and automobile.

Social inteligence-

it means understanding of people and the ability to act wisely in human relationship.

TEST OF INTELLIGENCE:-designed to measure a person’s general mental abilities

French Psychologist, “ Alfred Binet”the father of intelligence test construction movement.

During the early 1900s, the French government asked Binet to help decide which students
were most likely to experience difficulty in school. The government had passed laws
requiring that all French children attend school, so it was important to find a way to identify
children who would need specialized assistance.
Binet and his colleague, Theodore Simon, began developing questions that focused on areas
not explicitly taught in schools, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Using
these questions, Binet determined which ones served as the best predictors of school success.

He quickly realized that some children were able to answer more advanced questions that
older children were generally able to answer, and vice versa. Based on this observation, Binet
suggested the concept of mental age, or a measure of intelligence based on the average
abilities of children of a certain age group.
This first intelligence test, referred to today as the Binet-Simon Scale, became the basis for
the intelligence tests still in use today. However, Binet himself did not believe that his
psychometric instruments could be used to measure a single, permanent, and inborn level of
intelligence.

Based on number of individuals to be tested

1.Individual tests-one individual are tested at a time.

2.Group tests-group of individal are tested at a time.

Based on the form of test

1.Verbal tests- This is a test that measures the ability to use, analyse and understand
language. With these tests, children and adults can determine the levels of their language,
speaking, writing, comprehension, and memory skills.

2.Non-verbal tests- a test in which the questions or problems as well as the answers or
solutions are not conveyed in words. Mazes and performance tests are examples. Also called
nonlanguage test.

INDIVIDUAL INTELLIGENCE TEST

This test can be administered to only one individual at a time. Individual intelligence test was
born in France. Types of individual intelligence test:-

1. Verebal method: In this method language ability is essential. The individual can
answer through to verbal way such as reasoning memory and numerical abilities.
Verbal test can not be administrated to dumb, your condition or those who doesn’t
understand your languages.

2. Non verbal method.

Non verbal test can administrate illiterate and natives.This test free from language barriers
and do not require reading skill. Non verbal method is deals with diagram and picture.

Performance test . :-
It is one of the non verbal test but is assess the subject (person) has to do something to rather
than to some.
E.g.solve your problem, assemble
e.g. a pattern of blocks, assemble animal picture.
GROUP INTELLIGENCE TEST
 1. In this method test can be administrated to a group of individual at a time.It can
be verbal,non verbal. In this method test can be administrate to a group of individual
at a time. Group intelligence test develop in America. Group intelligence test started
during first war for selecting shoulder in larger number.

INTELLIGENCE TEST BASED ON SCIENTISTS

1.WECHSLER TEST

(a)Wechsler adult intelligence test scale(WISE)16-75year

(b)Wechsler intelligence test scale for children(WISC)5-16years

2.THE STANFORD BINET INTELLIGENCE SCALE

3.RAVENS PROGRESSIVE MATRIX

4.VINELAND SOCIAL MATURITY SCALE

1. Wechsler test: It is given by Amercian Psychologist Wechsler.

Test details~:Each scale consist of verbal scale and performance scale

Wechsler assist the intelligence through the verbal scale involving use of word concepts and
numbers.It consosts of six subset:-

Test of General Information (ask general knowledge and individual information status
about particular object)

e.g:-‘‘what is education?’

what day of the year is Independence Day.

Test of General Comprehension. e.g –nature of nursing.

Why do people buy fire insurance?

Test of Arithmetic Reasoning.

Solving typical school tesxt book problems in a given time. e.g-986-8

Test of Digit Span. Listen carefully,and when I am through,say the numbers right after me.
Repeating of numbers. e.g-6,4,3,7

Test of Distinction between Similarity.

Describe how things are alike? e.g- lion and tiger,wool and cotton.

Test of Vocabulary (meaning of the words has to be given) e.g-meaning of corrupt.

Performance Intelligence Test:-Performance (scale)test have 5subtests

1.Picture arrangement test:-

The pictures below tell a story. Put them in the right order to tell the story.

2.Picture completion test:-

Identify the missing part in complex pictures.

3.Object assembly test :-

Making a picture out of scrambled jigsaw like pieces.

4. Block design test:-

Pictures of block structure to be produced by arranging coloured blocks.

5.Digit symbol test :-It is arithmetic procedure to find out the answer of digit valve here
provide correction in the right side box.
 2.Stanford Binet Test:The Stanford binet test firstly introduced in 1916 by Lewis
Terman,this is a new version of Binet Simen test.It is known a Standford Binet intelligence
test form.It is an individually administered intelligence test designed to examine the cognitive
ability and intelligence and to diagnose developmental or intellectual deficiences in young
children and adults.It can useful for 2 years to 45 years of age.It is very effective only to 16
years of age.

Verbal test:

a) Fluid Reasoning: -Reading and Writing

b) Quantitative Reasoning-Auditory Processing

c) Visual Processing-Decision,Reaction time

d) Working Memory-Processing speed

o Non Verbal:
a)Knowledge(Procedural Knowledge)-showing me how would...clap your hand.
b)Quantative Reasoning-“show me which one is bigger”
c)Visual-spatial processing-to determine a person`s capacity to visualize imags and
twist and turn them to a specific shape,and to draw conclusions about the objects from
limited information

Distribution of Intelligence quotient(IQ)

3.Ravens Progressive Matrix :This test is given by JC Raven’s British psychologist in
1936.It based on ability to identify spatial relationship with object.

This test used for 65years.Subject has to identify the missing pattern.

4.Vineland Social Maturity Scale: This scale is devised by Doll and his associates at
Vineland School in America.It naturally assesses ones maturity status in a particular
situation.It is a a psychometric assessment instrument designed to help in the assessment of
social competence.e.g-communication skill,socialization skill.

TEST OF APTITUDE

Introduction:-Developed during World War Carl Brigham a psychologist developed this

test.First used in the recruitment of Army called Army Alpha.Use as a college admissions
test in 1926.

o An aptitude is a component of a competency to do certain kind of work at a certain

level,which can also be considered “talent”.
o Aptitudes may be physical or mental.Aptitude is notknowledge,understanding,learned
or acquired abilities.

Meaning:-

 Aptitudes means ability or a particular skill or a potential.

 While intelligence is a measure of general ability,aptitude is a special
ability.
  It is the special fitness for a special ability such as
mechanical,musical,artistic or scholastic.
 Aptitudes is neither completely inborn not accquired.
 It is the outcome of both heredity and environment.
 Aptitudes are talent potential but can be improved by training in
environment.

Definition:-

 Aptitude test are tests that will predict success to some degree.It help us to measure
the probability of success in an activity. (According to Bingham and Freeman)
 Aptitude test assume that people differ in their special abilities and that these
differences can be useful in predicting future achievements.

SIGNIFICANCE OF APTITUDE:-

 Teachers use these tests to measure their students performances schools may use them
to determine an individual knowledge within certain fields.
 And employers often use them to identify the candidate that`s most capable or best
suited for a job.
 In addition aptitude based tests are regarded as one of the most useful varieties of
career tests.

1.Scholastic aptitude tests(SAT): This test is used to predict success in some

particular course of study.It is a standardized exam conducted by college board that
evaluates the mathematics,writing and reading powers of a candidate.

2.Generalized(GAT):

 Mechanical tests
 Artistic aptitude test
 Professional aptitude tests:teaching clerical,research etc.
 Scholastic aptitude tests in difficult courses of instruction.

a) Mechanical Aptitude tests.

The capacity designed by the term mechanical aptitude is not single. It comprise of
sensory, motor, perception, spatial capacities. Hence the tests are designed such for.
Some common test are Minnesota Mechanical Assembly test, SRA Mechanical
Aptitude test. These tests contain question of following nature.

1. Asking subject to put together the parts of a mechanical device.

2. Geometric solution of problems.

3. Basic information and knowledge of mechanical tools.

 4. Questions about mechanical principles.

b) Clerical Aptitude tests.

Like mechanical it is also a composite function. It involves several specific abilities like;
Some of them are Minnesota vocational test for clerical workers and Clerical Aptitude Test.

1. Perceptual Ability:
Ability and speed of perception of words and numbers.
2. Motor Ability:
speed and perfection of use of computer, duplicating machine andtypewriter.
3. Intellectual Ability:
ability to grasp the meaning of words and symbols.

4. Musical Aptitude tests.

These tests have been devised for discovering musical talent. It includes the following
aspects and tests. a. Discrimination of pitch,
b. Intensity of loudness.
c. Judgment of rhythm.
These test are presented in the form of phonographic records. The subject sets, listens,
criminate.The detailed instructions are given and observed for responses.

5. Graphic Art Aptitude tests.

These tests have been devised for the talent for graphic art.
The major two tests are:-
a). The Meier Art Judgment Test:-In this there are 100 pairs of representational pictures in
black and white. The one such pair is given below. One piece is the master piece and the
other one is distortion of the master piece. The tests are asked to identify the more pleasing,
artistic and more satisfying piece.

b). Horne Art Aptitude Inventory:-It requires the subject to produce sketches from the given
patterns of lines and figures. The created figures are then evaluated to the reference standard.

Scholastic and professional aptitude tests.

This is to help the students for the studies of specific courses or profession like engineering,
medicine, law, business management, teaching, etc. some of them are,
Stanford Scientific Aptitude test: The Stanford Achievement Test Series is used to measure
academic knowledge students. The reports include narrative summaries, process and cluster
summaries, and graphic displays to clarify the student's performance and guide planning and
analysis.

TEST OF INTEREST
An interest is a subjective attitude motivating a person to perform a certain task.It affords
pleasure and satisfaction.Interest tests are also called as interest inventories.It is used to
measure a person`s preferences and motivations,including what types of activities a person
enjoys,the products he or she are most likely to purchase,and motivational factors such as
things that make an individual feel happy versus neutral.The first widely used interest
inventory was the strong vocational Interest Blank,developed in 1927 by E.k. Strong.The
original test was designed for men only;a version for women was developed in 1933.In 1974
the Strong test was merged into the Strong Campbell interest Inventory,which was further
revised in 1981.

Definition:-

o Interest is a feeling or emotion that causes attention to focus on an object or an event

or a process.
o Interest is a feeling of likening associated with a reaction,either actual or imagined to
a specific thing or situation.
o A quality in a thing or person arousing interest

Interest Assessment:-The Strong Interest Inventory(SII)is an interest inventory used in

career assessment.The goal of this assessment is to give insight into a person`s interests,so
that they may have less difficulty in deciding on an appropriate carrer choice for
themselves.It is also frequently used for educational guidance as one of the most popular
career assessment tools.

The test developed in 1927 by psychologist E.K.Strong,Jr to help people exiting the military
find suitable jobs.It was revised later by Jo-Ida Hansen,and David Campbell.

 The newly revised inventory consists of 291 items,each of which asks you to indicate
your preference from five responses.
 The test can typically be taken in 25 minutes after which the results must be scored by
computer.

The results include:-

 Scores on the level of interest on each of the six Holland Codes or General
Occupational Themes.
 Scores on 30Basic Interest Scales(e.g . art,science,and public speaking)
 Scores on 244 Occupational Scales which indicate the similarity between the
respondent`s interests and those of people working in each of the 122 occupation.
 Scores on 5 personal Style Scales(learning,working,leadership,risk-taking and team
orientation).
 Scores on 3 Administrative Scales used to identify test errors or unusual profiles.
Ways to assess interest:

1.Campbell Interest and Skill Survey:

It is created by David P. Campbell is a self-report instrument that measures work-related

interest and skills to help guide an individual to a specific occupational area. The scales of
the CISS are based on the individual’s attraction to a career and their confidence in
completing those activities. Counselors, psychologists, and human resource professionals use
this instrument for displaced and transitioning employees, career development, personal
counseling and targeting academic study.

The format for the test includes 320-item (200 interest and 120 skill items) using the 6-point
response scale. 25 minutes are necessary for completion and an age of 15 or older is
recommended for participants. The test can be taken online or with paper-and-pencil

2.Strong Interest Inventory:

The SII can help you explore occupational options by identifying patterns of likes and
dislikes,and by showing how these patterns compare with those of people in a wide range
ofoccupations. It is an interest inventory used in career assessment. As such, career
assessments may be used in career counseling.

The goal of this assessment is to give insight into a person's interests, so that they may have
less difficulty in deciding on an appropriate career choice for themselves. It is also frequently
used for educational guidance as one of the most popular career assessment tools.

3.Self-Directed Search:

The SDS is a self-administered and self-scored inventroy that helps you determine some
careeres/occupations you might be suited for based on your interests,abilities,and experience.
method is the most frequently used method for discovering career interests.

 Many educational institutes like high schools or universities have their students take
the test, but the test can also be used for working adults.
SDS is easy to use and is usually completed in 35 to 45 minutes. The test is relatively cheap
and the results are sent online in pdf format.