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Real Number System

1) The document defines various sets of real numbers including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. 2) It provides examples of rational and irrational numbers. Rational numbers can be written as fractions while irrational numbers include numbers like √2. 3) The document then defines polynomials and explains that the degree of a polynomial is the highest degree term. It provides examples of monomials, binomials, and trinomials.

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basit111
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28 views

Real Number System

1) The document defines various sets of real numbers including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. 2) It provides examples of rational and irrational numbers. Rational numbers can be written as fractions while irrational numbers include numbers like √2. 3) The document then defines polynomials and explains that the degree of a polynomial is the highest degree term. It provides examples of monomials, binomials, and trinomials.

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basit111
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture Date 28-10-2010

Real Number System

Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers

Integers Nonintegers

Negative Integers Zero Positive Integers

Set Description
Natural numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, …. }
Whole numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …}
Integers { …, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …. }
Rational numbers
All numbers that can be written as ,
where a and b are both integers, and b is
not equal to 0.
Irrational numbers
Numbers such as
Real numbers The union of the sets of rational numbers
and irrational numbers
Things to notice:
The set of Whole numbers is the same as the set of Natural numbers, except that it includes 0. 
To help remember this, think “o” is in “whole.”
 
The set of Integers is the same as the set of whole numbers and the negatives of the whole
numbers.
We can think of Rational numbers as fractions.  To remind us, notice that the word “ratio” is
embedded (Grouped) in the word “rational.”  A ratio is a fraction.
 
The set of Rational numbers includes all decimals that have either a finite number of decimal
places or that repeat in the same pattern of digits.  For example, 0.333333… = 1/3 and .
245245245…. = 245/999.
The set of Natural numbers is a subset of the set of Whole numbers, which is contained in the
set of Integers, which is inside of the set of Rational numbers.

POLYNOMIALS
Positive Integer Exponents:
If n is a positive integer and a is any real number then,
an = a.a.a…..a. n. factor

LAW OF EXPONENTS
1. am.an = am+n
m n
2. (a ) = amn
3. (ab)n = anbn
4. am/an = am-n
n
5. (a/b) = an/bn
Constant
“Constant are quantities which do not change in values.”
Variable
“Variables are quantities whose values may change.” These are usually represented by
the letters. i.e “t”
Lecture Date 28-10-2010

Algebraic Expression
“An algebraic expression is a collection of constants and variables connected by a series
of additions, subtractions, multiplications, divisions, radical sings, and parentheses () or other
grouping symbols. For example”
5x2-10x3-√ 2 y 2+35
Term
“A term consists of either a single number or the product of a number and powers of
one or more variables.”
The term 5x2y consists of the factors 5, x2, and y. The constant factor 5 is referred
to as the coefficient of the term.

A Polynomial
Is the sum of one or more terms, with the following restrictions:
 The terms of a polynomial consist of a number or the product of a number and
positive integer powers of one or more variables, this definition excludes terms
which have variables under a radical sign and any terms which have variables in
the denominator.
 A polynomial consisting of one term is called a monomial. i.e. 5x3
A polynomial consisting of two terms is called a binomial. i.e. 5x2+3
A polynomial consisting of three terms is called a trinomial. i.e. 2x2+10x+12
Polynomials consisting of more than three terms are referred to simply as
polynomial.
Examples:
 The algebraic expression 5x2-2x+1 is a polynomial consisting of three
terms; thus it is referred to as a trinomial.
 The algebraic expression 2x2y/z is not a polynomial because the variable z
appears in the denominator of the term.
 The algebraic expression √ xis not a polynomial because the variable
appears under a radical.
Degree of a Term
The degree of a term is the sum of the exponents on the variables contained in
the terms.
Degree of a Polynomial
The degree of a polynomial is defined as the degree of the highest-degree term
in the polynomial.
i.e. the polynomial 4x2y3-6xy5+2xy has terms of degree 5,6,and 2 respectively.
Thus the degree of the polynomial is 6.

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