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A. Definition of Line

Geometric shapes can be defined as figures or areas bounded by lines, curves, and points. Common geometric shapes include lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, spheres, cubes, and other three-dimensional solids. Lines can be line segments or rays extending from a point. Angles are classified as acute, right, obtuse, complementary, supplementary, and vertically opposite. Triangles are categorized based on side lengths and angle measures into equilateral, isosceles, scalene, right, obtuse, and acute triangles. Quadrilaterals such as squares, rectangles, rhombuses, parallelograms, trapezoids, kites, and trapezoids have

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180 views

A. Definition of Line

Geometric shapes can be defined as figures or areas bounded by lines, curves, and points. Common geometric shapes include lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, spheres, cubes, and other three-dimensional solids. Lines can be line segments or rays extending from a point. Angles are classified as acute, right, obtuse, complementary, supplementary, and vertically opposite. Triangles are categorized based on side lengths and angle measures into equilateral, isosceles, scalene, right, obtuse, and acute triangles. Quadrilaterals such as squares, rectangles, rhombuses, parallelograms, trapezoids, kites, and trapezoids have

Uploaded by

Lilia Rani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geometric Shapes can be defined as figure or area closed by a boundary

which is created by combining the specific amount of curves, points, and


lines.

A. Definition of Line
In a precise manner, a line doesn’t hold a beginning or end point. You can imagine it
continuing infinitely in both directions. We can demonstrate it by little arrows trailing at both
ends.

Line Segment When two points are linked with a


straight line, this is when we get a line
segment. This below-mentioned line
segment is AB.
Ray A ray initiates from a point and lasts off
to infinity. This can be represented by
drawing an arrow symbol at one end of
the ray. Sunrays can be a perfect example
that initiates from the sun and
travels indefinitely.
Acute Angle From the figure drawn below, the angle
falling between 0° and 90° is termed as an
acute angle.

Obtuse Angle An angle falling between 90° and 180° is


an obtuse angle. From the figure, ∠B is
an obtuse angle.

Right Angle An angle that is 90° is called as a Right


angle. In the figure, ∠C represents a right
angle.

Supplementary Based on the figure, ∠AOC + ∠COB =


Angles ∠AOB = 180° If the addition of two
angles is 180°; in this case, the angles are
termed as supplementary angles.
Further, it should be noted that two right
angles would always supplement each
other. Also, the pair of adjacent angles
which when added form a straight angle
is termed as a linear pair.
Complementary Based on the figure, ∠COA + ∠AOB =
Angles 90°. Hence, if the sum of two angles is
90°; in this case, the two angles are
known as complementary angles.

Adjacent The angles which hold a common arm, as


Angles well as a common vertex, are termed as
adjacent angles. Therefore, referring the
above figure ∠BOA and ∠AOC are
known as adjacent angles. OA is the
common arm, with common vertex ‘O’.
Vertically Whenever two lines intersect, the
Opposite formation of angles is opposite to each
Angles other specifically at the point of
intersection (vertex). These are termed as
vertically opposite angles.

From the above figure above, x and y are


seen as the intersecting lines. ∠A and ∠C
form one pair of vertically opposite
angles, whereas, ∠B and ∠D is the other
pair of vertically opposite angles.
Perpendicular Whenever there is a right angle in the
Lines middle of two lines, then the lines are
known to be perpendicular to each other.
From the figure, the lines OA and OB are
termed as perpendicular to each other.

Parallel Lines Referring to the figure, A and B are the


two parallel lines, which are intersected
by a line p. Here, the line p is known as a
transversal, which meets two or more
lines at distinct points.

Equilateral Triangle
Equilateral triangles have all angles equal
to 60° and all sides equal length.

All equilateral triangles have 3 lines of


symmetry.
Isoscles Triangle
Isosceles triangles have 2 angles equal
and 2 sides of equal length.

All isosceles triangles have a line of


symmetry.

Scalene Triangle

Scalene triangles have no angles equal,


and no sides of equal length.

Right Triangle

Right triangles (or right angled triangles)


have one right angle (equal to 90° ).

Obtuse Triangle
Obtuse triangles have one obtuse angle
(an angle greater than 90° ). The other two
angles are acute (less than 90° ).

Acute Triangle
Acute triangles have all angles acute.

A quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 sides.

Quadrilaterals are also sometimes called quadrangles or tetragons.

There are quite a few members of the quadrilateral family. There are also some members
which are a subset of other members of this family!

Square Squares have 4 equal sides and 4 right angles.


They have 4 lines of symmetry.
All squares belong to the rectangle family.
All squares belong to the rhombus family.
All squares are also parallelograms.
Rectangle
Rectangles have 4 sides and 4 right angles.
They all have 2 lines of symmetry (4 lines if they are also a
square!)
All rectangles belong to the parallelogram family.

Rhombus Rhombuses (rhombii) have 4 equal sides.


Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
They all have 2 lines of symmetry (4 lines if they are a
square!)
All rhombuses belong to the parallelogram family.

Parallelogram
Parallelograms have 2 pairs of parallel sides.
Some parallelograms have lines of symmetry (depending
on whether they are also squares, rectangles or
rhombuses), but most do not.

Trapezoid US Trapezoids US (Trapeziums UK) have one pair of parallel


(Trapezium UK) sides.
Some trapezoids have a line of symmetry.
Please note the differences between the definitions for US
and UK.

Kite
Kites have 2 pairs of equal sides which are adjacent to each
other.

Trapezium US
(Trapezoid UK) Trapeziums US (Trapezoids UK) are quadrilaterals with no
parallel sides.
Please note the differences between the definitions for US
and UK.

Here are some curved 2d shapes which have not yet been included.

Circles have a point in the centre from which each


Circle point on the diameter is equidistant. They have infinite
lines of symmetry. How many sides does a circle have?

This is an interesting question - the answer could be 0


(no straight sides), 1 curved side, or an infinite number
of sides are all possible answers.
Ellipses are like circles which have been squashed or
Ellipse stretched. They have 2 lines of symmetry. They are also
a special type of oval.

The longest and shortest diameters of the ellipse are


called the major and minor axes. These axes are also
the lines of symmetry.
Crescent Crescent shapes are made when two circles overlap, or
when one circle is removed from another circle .

The perimeter of crescents are made from two circular


arcs. They have 1 line of symmetry. Our moon forms
crescent shapes during its phases.

Cube
Cubes have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.
All sides on a cube are equal length.
All faces are square in shape.
A cube is a type of cuboid.

Cuboid
Cuboids have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.
All the faces on a cuboid are rectangular.

Sphere
Spheres have either 0 or 1 faces, 0 edges and 0
vertices.

Ellipsoid
Ellipsoids have either 0 or 1 faces, 0 edges and 0
vertices.

Cylinder
Cylinders have either 2 or 3 faces, 0 or 2 edges, and 0
vertices.

Cone
Cones have either 1 or 2 faces, 0 or 1 edges, and 1
apex (which is described by some mathematicians as a
vertex).
Triangular Prism Triangular Prisms have 5 faces, 9 edges, and 6
vertices.
The two faces at either end are triangles, and the rest
of the faces are rectangular.
Hexagonal Prism
Hexagonal Prisms have 8 faces, 18 edges, and 12
vertices.
The two faces at either end are hexagons, and the rest
of the faces are rectangular.

Triangular-based Pyramid
Triangular-based pyramids have 4 faces, 6 edges and 4
vertices.
The base is a triangle. All of the faces are triangular.
If the triangular faces making up the prism are all
equilateral, then the shape is also called a Tetrahedron.

Square-based Pyramid
Square based pyramids have 5 faces, 8 edges and 5
vertices
The base is a square. All the other faces are triangular.

Hexagonal Pyramid
Hexagonal pyramids have 7 faces, 12 edges, and 7
vertices.
The base is a hexagon. All of the other faces are
triangular.

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