SEMESTER III / SECOND YEAR

S. No. Subject Code Subject Name Credit

1. ABAG 302 Crop Production Technology (Kharif 2(1+1)

Crop)

2. ABPB301 Fundamentals of Plant Breeding 3(2+1)

3 ABEC 302 Agricultural Finance and cooperation 3(2+1)

4 ABIT 301 Agriculture Informatics 2(1+1)

5 ABAE 302 Farm Machinery and Power 2(1+1)

6 ABHO 302 Production Technology of Vegetables and 2(1+1)

spices

7 ABES 301 Environmental Studies and Disaster 3(2+1)

Management
8 ABST 301 Statistics Method 2(1+1)

9 ABAH 301 Livestock and Poultry Management 4(3+1)

Total Credit 23 (14+9)

 COURSE CODE: ABAG302

CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY-I (KHARIF CROPS)

CREDITS 2(1+1)
DEPARTMENT: AGRONOMY

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

 To identify and familiarize cereals, millets, tuber crops and forage crops.
 To study the familiarization of different silos, silage making and haymaking
 To calculate the seed rate, fertilizer requirements and cost of cultivation of major crops.

Theory

Origin, geographical distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements, varieties,
cultural practices and yield of kharif crops.

UNIT-I Cereals – rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet and fingermillet.

UNIT– II Pulses- pigeonpea, mungbean and urdbean.

UNIT– III Oilseeds- groundnut and soybean.

UNIT– IV Fibre crops- cotton & Jute.
UNIT–V Forage crops-sorghum, cowpea, cluster bean and Napier grass.

Lecture Schedule
1. Cereals – Importance and special features of cereals - Rice- Origin - geographical distribution
nutritional value – area, production and productivity in India and Madhya Pradesh
2. Economic importance - soil and climatic requirements
3. Classification of rice plant types - growth Stages of rice -different types of rice ecosystems
4. Land Preparation –physico – chemical and biological changes under submerged soils
5. Crop establishment techniques in rice - Climate resilient technologies
Nutrient management with special emphasis on nitrogen dynamics, micro nutrients-INM

6. Water management in rice under different rice ecosystems

7. Weed management including weed management in rice nurseries –IWM
8. Harvesting -Yield attributes - yield - post harvest operations - milling ofrice
9. Value added products of rice – export potential - rice grain classification, cropping systems in rice
10. Maize- Origin- geographical distribution - economic importance - area, production and productivity
in India and Andhra Pradesh- soil and climatic requirements - growth stages - Classification ofmaize
11. Land Preparation – zero tillage - seeds and sowing - nutrient management - water management -
weed management - climate resilient technologies
12. Harvesting - yield attributes – yield - post harvest operations - value addition – cropping systems
13. Jowar- Origin - geographical distribution - economic importance - area, production and productivity
in India and Andhra Pradesh - soil and climatic requirements - zones of jowar cultivation - growth
Stages - Land Preparation - seeds and sowing
14. Nutrient management - water management - weed management – harvesting- yield attributes – yield -
post harvest operations - value addition- sorghum effect, mid season corrections – cropping systems
15. Millets- Economic importance - constraints and strategies for increasing the production of millets -
climate resilient technologies
16. Pearl millet – Origin - geographical distribution - economic importance - area, production and
productivity in India and Andhra Pradesh- soil and climatic requirements -growth Stages - land
preparation - seeds and sowing - Nutrient management - sater management - weed management –
harvesting- yield attributes– yield - post harvest operations - value addition – cropping systems
17. Finger millet- Origin - geographical distribution - economic importance - area, production and
productivity in India and Andhra Pradesh- soil and climatic requirements, growth Stages - land
preparation, seeds and sowing - nutrient management - water management - weed management –
harvesting - yield attributes – yield - post harvest operations - value addition – cropping systems
18. Pulses- Economic importance - constraints for achieving higher productivity of pulses, strategies for
improving the pulse production in India - climate resilient technologies
19. Pigeonpea- Origin - geographical distribution - economic importance- area, production and
productivity in India and AndhraPradesh-soil and climatic requirements- growth Stages-land
Preparation - seeds and sowing – varieties - nutrient management - water management - weed
management – harvesting- yield attributes – yield - post harvest operations - cropping systems
20. Greengram / Mungbean – Origin - geographical distribution - economic importance - area,
production and productivity in India and Andhra Pradesh - soil and climatic requirements growth
stages - land Preparation- seeds and sowing – varieties- nutrient management -water management-
weed management- harvesting- yield attributes – yield - post harvest operations – cropping systems
21. Blackgram / urdbean – Origin- geographical distribution,- economic importance - area, production
and productivity in India and Andhra Pradesh - soil and climatic requirements - growth stages - land
Preparation - seeds and sowing – varieties- nutrient management - water management- weed
management - harvesting- yield attributes – yield - post harvest operations – cropping systems
22. Oilseeds- Economic importance - constraints for achieving higher productivity of pulses, strategies
for improving the pulse production in India - climate resilient technologies
23. Groundnut- Origin - geographical distribution - economic importance- area, production and
productivity in India and Andhra Pradesh- soil and climatic requirements-growth Stages-land
Preparation - seeds and sowing – varieties - nutrient management - water management - weed
management – harvesting- yield attributes – yield - post harvest operations - cropping systems
24. Soybean – Origin - geographical distribution - economic importance - area, production and
productivity in India and Andhra Pradesh - soil and climatic requirements growth stages - land
Preparation- seeds and sowing – varieties- nutrient management -water management- weed
management- harvesting- yield attributes – yield - post harvest operations – cropping systems
 25. Fibre crops- Economic importance - constraints for achieving higher productivity of pulses, strategies
for improving the pulse production in India - climate resilient technologies
26. Cotton- Origin - geographical distribution - economic importance- area, production and productivity
in India and Andhra Pradesh- soil and climatic requirements-growth Stages-land Preparation - seeds
and sowing – varieties - nutrient management - water management - weed management – harvesting-
yield attributes – yield - post harvest operations - cropping systems
27. Jute – Origin - geographical distribution - economic importance - area, production and productivity in
India and Andhra Pradesh - soil and climatic requirements growth stages - land Preparation- seeds
and sowing – varieties- nutrient management -water management- weed management- harvesting-
yield attributes – yield - post harvest operations – cropping systems
28. Forage crops- Economic importance - constraints for achieving higher productivity of pulses,
strategies for improving the pulse production in India - climate resilient technologies
29. Forage Sorghum- Origin - geographical distribution - economic importance- area, production and
productivity in India and Andhra Pradesh- soil and climatic requirements- growth Stages- land
Preparation - seeds and sowing – varieties - nutrient management - water management - weed
management – harvesting- yield attributes – yield - post harvest operations - cropping systems
30. Cowpea- Origin - geographical distribution- economic importance - area, production and productivity
in India and Andhra Pradesh - soil and climatic requirements - growth Stages - land preparation-
seeds and sowing- varieties - nutrient management- water management- weed management-
harvesting- yield attributes– yield - post harvest operations – cropping systems.
31. Clusterbean- Origin - geographical distribution- economic importance - area, production and
productivity in India and Andhra Pradesh - soil and climatic requirements - growth Stages - land
preparation- seeds and sowing- varieties - nutrient management- water management- weed
management- harvesting- yield attributes– yield - post harvest operations – cropping systems.
32. Napier Grass- Origin - geographical distribution- economic importance - area, production and
productivity in India and Andhra Pradesh - soil and climatic requirements - growth Stages - land
preparation- seeds and sowing- varieties - nutrient management- water management- weed
management- harvesting- yield attributes– yield - post harvest operations – cropping systems.
Practical
1. Rice nursery preparation, transplanting of Rice.
2. Sowing of soybean, pigeonpea, mungbean, maize, groundnut and cotton.
3. Effect of seed size on germination and seedling vigour of kharif season crops.
4. Effect of sowing depth on germination of kharif crops.
5. Identification of weeds in kharif season crops.
6. Top dressing and foliar feeding of nutrients.
7. Study of yield contributing characters and yield calculation of kharif season crops.
8. Study of crop varieties and important agronomic experiments at experimental farm.
9. Study of forage experiments.
10. Morphological description of kharif season crops,
11. Visit to research centres of related crops.
COURSE OUTCOME
 Knowledge of economic and geographical distribution of field crops.
 Knowledge of cultivation practices of field crops.
 Knowledge about best practices of cultivation.

Suggested Readings
Text Books

 Chatterjee, B.N. 1989. Forage Crop Production- Principles & Practices. Oxford &IBH New
Delhi.
 Chatterjee, B.N. and Maiti, S.1985. Principles and Practices of Rice Growing. Oxford &IBH
Publishing Co., NewDelhi.
 ICAR [Indian Council of Agricultural Research].2006. Hand Book of Agriculture. ICAR, New
Delhi
 Mohankumar, C.R., Nair, G.M. James George, Raveendran. C.S. and Ravi. V.2000.
Production Technology of Tuber Crops. C.T.C.R.I, Trivandrum
 Narayanan, T.R. and Dobadghao, P.M. 1972. Forage Crops of India, ICAR, New Delhi.
 Onwueme, I. C. and Charles. W.D . 1994. Tropical Root and Tuber Crops – Production,
Perspective and Future Prospects. F.A.O. Production and Protection Paper-126,Rome.
 Pal, M., Deka, J., and Rai, R.K. 1996. Fundamentals of Cereal Crop Production. Tata McGraw
Hill Pub., NewDelhi

Reference Books
 Prasad, R. (Ed.). 2001. Field Crop Production. ICAR, New Delhi
 Modern Techeniques of Rising field Crops Chhidda Singh & Prem Singh
 Das, P.C. 1997. Oilseed Crops of India, Kalyani Publishers., New Delhi. ICAR
[Indian CouncilofAgriculturalResearch].2006.HandBookofAgriculture.ICAR,New
Delhi
 Chidda Singh, Prem Singh and Rajbir Singh. 2003. Modern Techniques of Raising Field Crops
(2nd ed.). Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
 Kharif Crop Productino RL Arya & Keshv Arya
 COURSE CODE: ABGP 302

FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANT BREEDING

CREDITS 3(2+1)

DEPARTMENT: GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

 To study the different principles of plant breeding.

 To gain knowledge about different breeding methods.

Theory

UNIT - I Historical development, concept, nature and role of plant breeding, major achievements and
future prospects; Genetics in relation to plant breeding, modes of reproduction and apomixes,
self- incompatibility and male sterility- genetic consequences, cultivar options.

UNIT – II Domestication, Acclimatization, introduction; Centre of origin/diversity, component of Genetic

variation; Heritability and genetic advance; Genetic basis and breeding methods in self- pollinated
crops-mass and pure line selection, hybridization techniques and handling of segregating
population; Multiline concept.

UNIT - III Concepts of population genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Law, Genetic basis and methods of
breeding cross pollinated crops, modes of selection; Heterosis and inbreeding depression,
development of inbred lines and hybrids, composite and synthetic varieties; Breeding methods in
asexually propagated crops, clonal selection and hybridization.

UNIT - IV Wide hybridization and pre-breeding; Polyploidy in relation to plant breeding, mutation breeding-
methods and uses; Breeding for important biotic and abiotic stresses.

UNIT - V Biotechnological tools-DNA markers and marker assisted selection. Participatory plant breeding;
Intellectual Property Rights, Patenting, Plant Breeders and & Farmer’s Rights.
Lecture Schedule
1 Historical developments, concept, nature and role of plant breeding, major achievements and
future prospects - Definition, aim, objectives, history and developments of plantbreeding,
 scientific contributions of eminent scientists - Landmarks in plant breeding - Scope of plant
breeding.
2 Modes of reproduction and apomixis - Asexual reproduction (vegetative reproduction and
apomixis) and sexual reproduction - Their classification and significance in plant breeding.
3 Modes of pollination - Classification of crop species on the basis of mode of pollination– self
pollination – mechanisms promoting self pollination – Genetic consequences of self pollination
– Cross pollination – Mechanisms promoting cross pollination – Genetic consequences of cross
pollination – Often cross pollinated crops.
4 Self– incompatibility - Classification – Heteromorphic, homomorphic, gametophytic and
sporophytic systems of incompatibility – Advantages and disadvantages – Utilization in crop
improvement.
5 Male sterility- Genetic consequences, cultivar options - Different types – Genetic, cytoplasmic
and cytoplasmic genetic male sterility – Inheritance and maintenance– utilization of male sterile
lines in hybrid seed production – Their advantages and disadvantages.
6 Domestication, acclimatization and introduction - Plant introduction – Primary introduction and
secondary introduction – Plant introduction agencies in India – National Bureau of Plant
Genetic Resources (NBPGR) and its activities – Procedure of plant introduction – Merits and
demerits of plant introduction.
7 Centre of origin/diversity - Centres of diversity– Centres of origin – Classification – law of
homologous series – Types of centres of diversity – Germplasm collections – Genetic erosion –
Main reasons of genetic erosion – Extinction - Gene sanctuaries - Introgression – Gene banks –
Types of gene banks.
8 Breeding methods in self pollinated crops - Modes of selection - Selection – Natural and
artificial selection – Basic principles of selection – Basic characteristics and requirements of
selection – Selection intensity – Selection differential, heritability (narrow and broad sense) –
Genetic advance as percent of mean.
9 Mass selection – Procedure for evolving a variety by mass selection – Modification of mass
selection – Merits, demerits and achievements.
10 Pure line selection - Johannsen’s pure line theory and its concepts and significance
– Origin of variation in pure lines – Characters of pure lines – Progeny test, genetic basis of pure
line selection – General procedure for evolving a variety by pure line selection – Merits,
demerits and achievements – Comparison between mass and pure line selection.
11 Hybridization techniques - Hybridization – Aims and objectives – Types of hybridization – Pre-
requisites forhybridization – Procedure / steps involved in hybridization.
12 Handling of segregating population - Pedigree method – Procedure – Merits, demerits and
achievements.
13 Bulk method – Procedure – Merits, demerits and achievements – Comparison between pedigree
and bulk methods - Single seed descent method – Merits and demerits.
14 Backcross method of breeding–Its requirements and applications – Procedure for transfer of
single dominant gene - Procedure for transfer of single recessive gene – Merits, demerits and
achievements - comparison between pedigree and backcross method.
15 Multiline concept - Definition – Characteristics of a good multiline – Development of multiline
varieties –Achievements.
– Concepts of population genetics and Hardy - Weinberg Law - Hardy Weinberg Law Factors
affecting equilibrium frequencies in random mating populations - Selection without progeny
testing–Selection with progeny testing- Merits and demerits of progeny selection– Line
 breeding– achievements.
16 Recurrent selection – Different types – Detailed procedure of simple recurrent selection and
other recurrent selection methods – Conclusion on the efficiency of different selectionschemes.
17 Heterosis - Heterosis and hybrid vigour – Luxuriance – Heterobeltiosis – Brief history–
heterosis in cross pollinated and self pollinated species – Manifestations ofheterosis-
– Genetic basis of heterosis – Dominance, over dominance and epistasis hypotheses Objections
and their explanations – Comparison between dominance and over- dominance hypotheses –
Physiological basis of heterosis – Commercial utilization.
18 Inbreeding depression - Brief history – Effects of inbreeding – Eegrees of inbreeding depression
– Procedure for development of inbred lines and their evaluation.
– Development of inbred lines and hybrids - Exploitation of heterosis – History of hybrid
varieties – Important steps in production of single and double cross hybrids Brief idea of
hybrids in maize, pearl millet, sunflower and rice.
19 Composite and synthetic varieties - Production procedures – Merits, demerits andachievements
– Factors determining the performance of synthetic varieties – Comparison between synthetics
and composites.
20 Breeding methods in asexually propagated crops, clonal selection and hybridization-
Characteristics of asexually propagated crops – Characteristics of clones –Clonal selection –
Procedure – Advantages and disadvantages – Problems in breeding asexually propagated crops
– Genetic variation within a clone – Clonal degeneration
– Achievements – Comparison among clones, purelines and inbreds - Breeding of annual
asexually propagated species through hybridization – Interspecific hybridization.
– Wide hybridization and pre breeding - History – Objectives – Barriers for the production of
distant hybrids– Techniques for production of distant hybrids – applications of wide
hybridization in crop improvement – Sterility in distant hybrids Limitations and achievements -
use of gene pools to develop intermediate breeding material.
21 Polyploidy in relation to plant breeding - Polyploidy –Autopolyploids – Origin and production
– Morphological and cytological features– Applications in crop improvement – Limitations–
Allopolyploidy – Morphological and cytological features– Applications in crop improvement –
Limitations.
22 Mutation breeding - Methods and uses - Mutation breeding – Procedure of mutation breeding –
Applications – Advantages, limitations and achievements.
23 Breeding for important biotic and abiotic stresses - Disease resistance – Mechanisms of disease
resistance in plants (disease escape, tolerance, resistance, immunity and hypersensitivity) –
Genetic basisof disease resistance – Gene for gene hypothesis –sourcesof disease
resistance– Breedingmethods fordisease resistance –Achievements.
24 Insect resistance – Mechanism of insect resistance in plants (non preference, antibiosis,
tolerance and avoidance) – Nature of insect resistance – Genetics of insect resistance –
Horizontal and vertical resistance– Sources of insect resistance – breeding methods for insect
resistance – Problems in breeding for insect resistance
– Achievements.
25 Drought resistance – Mechanisms of drought resistance (drought escape, avoidance, tolerance,
and resistance) – Features associated with drought resistance – Sources of drought resistance –
Breeding methods for drought resistance – Limitations – achievements - Resistance to water
logging – Effects of water logging - Mechanism of tolerance – Ideotype for flooded areas.
26 Salt tolerance – Response of plants to salinity – Symptoms – Mechanisms of salt tolerance –
 Breeding methods for salt tolerance – Problems – Achievements. Cold tolerance – Chilling
resistance – Effects of chilling stress on plants – Mechanism of chilling tolerance – Sources of
chilling tolerance – Selection criteria.

27 Biotechnological tools - DNA markers and marker assisted selection - Definition and
classification of DNA markers and applications.
28 Participatory plant breeding - Definition – Goals – Methodology – Advantages and limitations.

Practical

1. Plant Breeder’s kit, Study of germplasm of various crops.

2. Study of floral structure of self-pollinated and cross pollinated crops.
3. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in self & cross pollinated crops.
4. Consequences of inbreeding on genetic structure of resulting populations.
5. Study of male sterility system.
6. Handing of segregation populations.
7. Methods of calculating mean, range, variance, standard deviation, heritability.
8. Designs used in plant breeding experiment, analysis of Randomized Block Design.
9. To work out the mode of pollination in a given crop and extent of natural outcrossing.
10. Prediction of performance of double cross hybrids.

COURSE OUTCOME

 Understand the various genetic principles and procedures of crop improvement.

 Knowledge gained about modes of reproduction for deciding various genetic
improvement aspects of crop species.

 Be familiar with the principles and methods of various plant breeding methods.
 Gaining knowledge about various plant genetic resources.
 Knowledge gained about evaluate the economic importance of various crops with plant breeding
point of view.
.

Suggested Readings Books:-

Text Books

 Breeding of Crop Plant – Hayes &Garber

  Plant Tissue culture & Biotechnology – P.C.Trivedi
 Principles & procedures of Plant Breeding – G.S.elahal
 Essentail of Plant Breeding – PhundanSingh
 Padap Prajanan (Hindi) – Dr. Chandra PrakashShukla
 Phasal Prajanan Ke Mool Siddhant (Hindi) – Dr. HariRam

Reference Books

 Alard, R.W. 2000.Principles ofPlant Breeding. John Willey & Sons, NewYork.
 Chahel, G.S. and S.S.Ghosal. 2002. Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding,
Biotechnological and Conventional Approaches. Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi.
 Singh, B.D. 2005. Plant Breeding. Kalyani Publishing House, New Delhi.
 Singh,P.2001. Essentials of Plant Breeding- Principles and Methods. Kalyani
Publishing House, New Delhi.
 Jain,H.K. and M.C.Kharkwal.2004. PlantBreeding- Mendelian to Molecular
Approach. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
 Sharma, A.K. 2005. Breeding Technology of Crop Plants (Edt.).Yash Publishing
House, Bikaner.
 COURSE CODE: ABEC 302

AGRICULTURAL FINANCE AND CO-OPERATION

C R E D I TS 3(2+1)

DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

 To give an information about finance and credit.

 To understand the different commercial banks with function and activities.
 To find out the procedural formalities in sanctioning of farmloan.
 To identify the credit needs and classification.
 To give and information about accounting, banking, KCC and kinds of loan etc.

Theory

UNIT - I Agricultural Finance- meaning, scope and significance, credit needs and its role in Indian
agriculture. Agricultural credit: meaning, definition, need, classification. Credit analysis: 4
R’s, and 3C’s of credits. Sources of agricultural finance: institutional and non-institutional
sources, commercial banks, social control and nationalization of commercial banks.

UNIT – II Micro financing including KCC. Lead bank scheme, RRBs, Scale of finance and unit cost. An
introduction to higher financing institutions – RBI, NABARD, ADB, IMF, World Bank,
Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India.

UNITI - III Cost of credit. Recent development in agricultural credit.Preparation and analysis of financial
statements – Balance Sheet and Income Statement.Basic guidelines for preparation of project
reports- Bank norms – SWOT analysis.

UNIT - IV Agricultural Cooperation – Meaning, brief history of cooperative development in India,

objectives, principles of cooperation, significance of cooperatives in Indian agriculture.

UNIT - V Agricultural Cooperation in India- credit, marketing, consumer and multi-purpose

cooperatives, farmers’ service cooperative societies, processing cooperatives,farming
 cooperatives, cooperative warehousing; role of ICA, NCUI, NCDC and NAFED.

Lecture Schedule
1. Agricultural Finance - Meaning, definition, nature and scope - Significance - Microand
macrofinance –Capital and credit problems, need and their importance in Agriculture.
2. Credit - Meaning and definition - Classification of credit based on different criteria with Examples.

3. Credit analysis - Economic feasibility tests - 3 R’s of credit analysis - Returns to investment -
Repayment capacity - Meaning, causes of poor repayment capacity of farmers, suggestions to
improve repayment capacity - Risk bearing ability - Meaning, sources of risk, means to
strengthen RBA.
4. Five Cs of credit – Character – Capacity – Capital - Condition and Commonsense - Seven Ps
of credit - Principle of Productive purpose - Principle of personality - Principle of
productivity - Principle of phased disbursement - Principle of proper utilization - Principle of
payment and Principle of protection.
5. Social control and nationalisation - Meaning, objectives and their importance - Privatisation
of commercial banks - Need and importance for institutional sources and structure of
agricultural lending from different sources.
6. Lead bank scheme - Origin, objectives, functions - District credit plan - Regional Rural
Banks (RRBs) - Origin, objectives, functions — RRBs in Andhra Pradesh.
7. Crop loan system - Objectives, importance, features of crop loan system - Scale of finance -
Meaning and estimation and role of district level consultative committee - Term loans –
Objectives and meaning of unit costs, fixation of unit costs and NABARD guidelines.
8. Financial inclusion - Meaning and importance - Micro finance - Meaning, importance,
agencies providing microcredit banks, NBFCs, NGOs, and Govt. agencies - SHGs and their
role in microfinance and bank linkages - Micro finance lending and control act in Andhra
Pradesh – Objectives and important features.
9. Schemes for financing weaker sections - Differential interest rate (DIR) - Integrated rural
development programme (IRDP) – Swarnajayanti gram swarozgar yojana (SGSY)
10. Self help groups (SHGs) etc., Srinidhi, MUDR.

11. Higher financing agencies - Reserve Bank of India (RBI) - Objectives and functions and role
in agricultural development and finance. National Bank for Agricultural and Rural
Development (NABARD) - Origin, functions, activities and role in agriculturaldevelopment.
12. World Bank (WB) - Objectives and functions -World Bank group institutions – role and
functions of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
 13. International Development Agency (IDA)- International Finance Corporation (IFC), MIGA,
ISID.
14. Crop insurance - Meaning and its advantages and limitations in application - Agricultural
insurance company of India - Objectives and functions - Indemnity - Meaning, premiums and
claims - Prime Minister’s Fasal Bhima Yojana (PMFBY) - Salient features - Weather based
crop insurance - Salient features and its importance.
15. Agricultural project - Meaning, characteristics of agril. projects, project cycle and explanation
of different phases of project cycle - Basic guidelines for preparation of project reports.
16. Co-operation - Meaning, Scope, importance and definition - Principles - Objectives of co-
operation, significance of cooperatives in Indian agriculture.
17. Brief history of cooperative movement development in India - Recent developments in
Indian cooperative movement - Short comings of Indian co-operative movement and
remedies.
18. Agricultural Cooperative institutions in India - co-operative credit structure in India and
Andhra Pradesh – Objectives and functions of state level (APCOB), district level (DCCB) and
Village level (PACS) cooperative societies - Functions of marketing, consumer societies,
multi-purpose cooperatives, farmers’service cooperative societies, dairy cooperatives- Andhra
Pradesh mutually aided Co-operative Societies Act (1995) - Role of International Cooperative
Alliance (ICA), National cooperative Union of India (NCUI), National Cooperative
Development Council (NCDC).
Practical

1. Determination of most profitable level of capital use.

2. Optimum allocation of limited amount of capital among different enterprise.
3. Analysis of progress and performance of cooperatives using published data.
4. Analysis of progress and performance of commercial banks and RRBs using published data.
5. Visit to a commercial bank, cooperative bank and cooperative society to acquire first hand
knowledge of their management, schemes and procedures.
6. Estimation of credit requirement of farm business – A case study.
7. Preparation and analysis of balance sheet – A case study.
8. Preparation and analysis of income statement – A case study.
9. Appraisal of a loan proposal – A case study.
10. Techno-economic parameters for preparation of projects.
11. Preparation of Bankable projects forvarious agricultural products and its value added products.
12. Seminar on selected topics.
COURSE OUTCOME

 Clear understanding agril. finance & credit

 Knowledge the different commercial banks, RRB & NABARD bank activity.
 Understanding the need & classification of credit
 Clear understand the different types of credit & credit analysis like 3’R’, 5 ‘C’ & 7P’s
 Knowledge the nationalization of commercial bank.
 To understand the higher finacing agencies such as RBI,ADB (Asian development bank), Word
bank,insurance

Suggested Readings Books:-

Text Books
 Kahlon, A.S., Singh, Karam. Managing Agricultural Finance. Allied Publishers, New Delhi
 Reddy, S., Raghuram, P., Neelakantan, T.V and Bhavani D.I.2004. Agricultural Economics.
Oxford and IBH Publishers, New Delhi.
 Singh Joginder, P.R. Agricultural Finance and Management. Kalyani Publication.
 Reddy, S., and Ram, P.R. Agricultural Finance and Management. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi

Reference Books

K Nirmal Ravi Kumar, Objective Agricultural Economics. Astral Publicaiton.

 COURSE CODE: ABIT 301

AGRICULTURAL INFORMATICS CREDITS 2(1+1)

DEPARTMENT: COMPUTER APPLICATION

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To understand agricultural informatics and its classification.

 Understanding concepts of Operating Systems-DOS and WINDOWS computers.
To study word processing and other programs of MS- Office.

Theory

UNIT - I Introduction to Computers, Anatomy of Computers, Memory Concepts, Units of Memory,

Operating System, definition and types. Applications of MS-Office for creating, Editing and
Formatting a document, Data presentation, tabulation and graph creation, statistical analysis
mathematical expressions,

UNIT-II Database, concepts and types, creating database, uses of DBMSin

Agriculture, Internet and World Wide Web (WWW), Concepts and components. Computer
Programming, General Concepts, Introduction to Visual Basic, Java, Fortran, C/ C++, etc,
concepts and standard input/output operations.

UNIT - III E-Agriculture, concepts, design and development. Application of innovative ways to use
information and communication technologies (IT) in Agriculture. Computer Models in
Agriculture: statistical, weather analysis and crop simulation models, concepts, structure,
inputs- outputs files, limitation, advantages and application of models for understanding plant
processes, sensitivity, verification, calibration and validation.

UNIT – IV IT application for computation of water and nutrient requirement of crops, Computer-
controlled devices (automated systems) for Agri-input management, Smartphone mobile apps in
Agriculture for farm advises, market price, postharvest management etc; Geospatial technology,
concepts, techniques, components and uses for generating valuable agri-information.

UNIT - V Decision support systems, concepts, components and applications in Agriculture, Agriculture
Expert System, and Soil Information Systems etc for supporting Farm decisions. Preparation of
contingent crop-planning and crop calendars using IT tools.
Lecture Schedule
1. Introduction to computers- Advantages- Disadvantages- Applications - Anatomy of Computers-
Input / output devices -Memory Concepts - Units of Memory - RAM – ROM – PROM – EPROM-
EAPROM-CacheMemory.
2. Operating system - Definition and types - WINDOWS OS – Features – Desktop – Iconsetc.
3. Applications of MS-Office - MS-Word - Creating - Editing and formatting a document.
4. MS Word - Features of good word processor - Mail merge – Drop cap- Auto text- Track changes –
Equation editoretc.
5. MS- Excel - Data presentation, Tabulation – Merging of cells and graph creation -
Mathematicalexpressions.
6. MS- Excel - Data analysis tool pack – Pivot table and graph etc.
7. MS Access – Database - concepts and types - creating database - Uses of DBMS in agriculture.
8. MS Access - Objects of data base – Types of fields etc.,
9. Internet and World Wide Web (WWW)–Concepts-Components and creation of web.
10. HTML – XML coding.
11. e-Agriculture - Concepts - Design and development - Application of innovative ways to use
information and communication technologies (IT) in Agriculture.
12. ICT for Data Collection - Formation of development programmes - Monitoring and evaluation of
Programmes - Computer Models in Agriculture statistical weather analysis and crop simulation
models – Concepts – Structure - Inputs- outputs files – Limitation - Advantages and application of
models for understanding plant processes – Sensitivity –Verification - Calibration and validation.
13. IT application for computation of water and nutrient requirement of crops - Computer controlled
devices (automated systems) for Agri-input management - Smartphone mobile apps in Agriculture
for farm advises - Market price - Postharvest management etc,.
14. Geospatial technology – Concepts – Techniques - Components and uses for generating
valuableagri-information.
15. Decision support systems – Taxonomy – Components – Framework - Classification and applications
in Agriculture - DSS - Agriculture Information/Expert System - Soil Information Systems etc for
supporting Farm decisions.
16. Preparation of contingent crop-Planning and crop calendars using IT tools.

Practical

o Study of Computer Components, accessories, practice of important DOS Commands.

o Introduction of different operating systems such as windows, Unix/ Linux, Creating, Files &
Folders, File Management.

o Use of MS-WORD and MS Power-point for creating, editing and presenting a scientific
Document.
 o MS-EXCEL - Creating a spreadsheet, use of statistical tools, writing expressions, creating
graphs, analysis of scientific data, handling macros.
o MS-ACCESS: Creating Database, preparing queries and reports, demonstration of Agri-
information system.
o Introduction to World Wide Web (WWW) and its components.
o Introduction of programming languages such as Visual Basic, Java, Fortran, C, C++. Hands on
practice on Crop Simulation Models (CSM), DSSAT/Crop-Info/Crop Syst/Wofost.
o Preparation of Inputs file for CSM and study of model outputs, computation of water and
nutrient requirements of crop using CSM and IT tools.
o Use of smart phones and other devices in agro-advisory and dissemination of market
information.
o Introduction of Geospatial Technology, for generating information important forAgriculture.
• Hands on practice on preparation of Decision Support System. Preparation of contingent crop
planning.

COURSE OUTCOME

 Basic knowledge of computer and agricultural informatics.

 Perfection in practicing WINDOWS Operating Systems and other agriculture
informatics software and devices

.
Suggested Readings Books:-

 Gene Wrisskp of (1998) ABC’s of Excell

 Sharma K.V.S. (2001) Statistics made simple: Do it yourself on PC. Prentice Hall of India.
 Capron. H.L. (1996) Computers – Tools for an information age – Fourth Edition. The Benjamin
/ Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., New York.
 Colin Haynes. (1990). The Computer Virus Protection Handbook. BPB Publications, New
Delhi.
 Peter Nortons. (2001) Introduction to Computers – Fourth Edition. Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

 Ruth Maran (1999)Teachyourself MS Office visually. IDG Books Worldwide Inc., New
York.
 Fundamental of Computer- P. K.Sinha
  M.S. Office – Nitin kNagle
 Computer Fundamental - Nitin kNagle
 Management of Information Systems - Gordon B.Davis
 Microcontrollers, Principles and Applications – Ajit pal – PHI Ltd., -2011.
 Willem Zip. Improving the Transfer and Use of Agricultural Information - A Guide to
Information Technology. The World Bank,Washington
 Meera SN. ICTs in Agricultural Extension: Tactical toPractical
 R Saravanan, C Kathiresan & T Indra Devi, 2011. Information & communication technology
for agriculture and rural development. New India Publ.Agency.

Referece Books
 R Saravanan 2010. ICTs for agricultural extension, New India Publ.Agency.
 B Jirli, Deepak De & GC Kendadamth 2005. Information and communication technology (ICT)
and sustainable development, Ganga Kaveri Publ. House,Varanasi.
 COURSE CODE: ABAE 302

FARM MACHINERY AND POWER CREDITS 2(1+1)

DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

 To study Human, Animal, Mechanical and Electrical Energy Sources and their in
Agriculture.
 Two Stroke and Four stroke engine working Principle.
 To study different system of I.C. Engine and Cooling System.
 Souring method seed cum fertilizer drills component and function.
 To study primary tillage and secondary and tillage equipment E.T.C
 Harvesting tools and equipment and combine harvesting machinery.
Theory

UNIT–I Status of Farm Power in India, Sources of Farm Power,I.C.engines,working principles of I.C. engines,
comparison of two stroke and four stroke cycle engines , Study of different components of I.C. engine,
I.C. engine terminology and solved problems, Familiarization with different systems of I.C. engines.

UNIT - II Air cleaning, cooling, lubrication, fuel supply and hydraulic control system of a tractor,
Familiarization with Power transmission system: clutch, gear box, differential and final drive of
a tractor , Tractor types, Cost analysis of tractor power and attached implement.
UNIT – III Familiarization with Primary and Secondary Tillage implement, Implement for hill agriculture,
implement for intercultural operations.
UNIT-IV Familiarization with sowing and planting equipment, calibration of a seed drill and solved
examples.
UNIT-V Familiarization with Plant Protection equipment, Familiarization with harvesting and threshing
equipment.
Lecture Schedule
1. Farm power – Source of different farm power, advantages and disadvantages.
2. Internal combustion engine - Different components and their functions - Working principle of
four stroke and two stroke cycle engine - Comparison between diesel and petrol engine -
Difference between four and two stroke engine.
3. Terminology related to engine power - IHP, BHP, FHP, DBHP, compression ratio,stroke
 bore ratio, piston displacement, and mechanical efficiency - Numerical problems on
calculation of IHP, BHP, C.R., stroke bore ratio, piston displacement volume.
4. Fuel supply and cooling system of I.C. engine – Types, components and their functions, working
principle of forced circulation cooling system.
5. Ignition and power transmission system of I.C engine – Types, components and their
functions, working principle of battery ignition system.
6. Lubrication system of I.C. engine – Types, purpose, components and their functions, working
principle of forced feed system - Tractors classification, types, points to be considered in selection
of tractors, estimating the cost of operation of tractor power.
7. Tillage - Primary and secondary tillage - M.B. plough – Functions, constructional features,
operational adjustments and maintenance.
8. Disc plough – Functions, constructional details, operational adjustments and maintenance.
9. NumericalproblemsonM.B. plough and disc plough.
10. Harrows – Types, functions, operation of disc harrows - Cultivators – Rigid and spring loaded
tynes - Puddlers, cage wheel, rotovators - Intercultural implements
– Hoes and weeders for dry and wetland cultivation.

11. Sowing equipment - Seed cum fertilizer drills – Types, functions, types of metering mechanisms,
functional components, calibration- Paddy transplanters.
12. Harvesting equipment – Sickles, self propelled reaper, alignment and registration
- Combines, functions of combines.

13. Plant protection equipment – Types of sprayers, constructional features of knapsack sprayer, hand
compression sprayer, foot sprayer, rocker sprayer and power sprayer, care and maintenance of
sprayers.
14. Dusters–Handrotaryandpoweroperateddusters,care and maintenance of dusters.
15. Tractor mounted equipments for land development and soil conservation – Functions of bund
former, ridger, and leveling blade.
16. Threshing equipment and principles of combine harvester.

Practical
 Study of different components of I.C.engine.

 To study air cleaning and cooling system of engine. Familiarization with

 clutch, transmission, differential and final drive of a tractor, Familiarization with lubrication
and fuel supply system of engine,

 Familiarization with brake, steering, hydraulic control system of engine.

 Learning of tractor driving, Familiarization with operation of power tiller, Implements for hill
agriculture,Familiarization.

 With different types of primary and secondary tillage implements: mould plough, disc plough
and disc harrow.

 Familiarization with seed-cum-fertilizer drills their seed metering mechanism and calibration.
  Planters and transplanter familiarization with different types of sprayers and dusters.

 Familiarization with different inter-cultivation equipment.

 Familiarization with harvesting and threshing machinery.

COURSE OUTCOME

 Knowledge of agricultural machineries.

 Knowledge of equipments in used in organic and inorganic farming.

Suggested Readings Books:-

 Ojha, T.P. and A.M.Michael. Principles of Agricultural Engineering, Vol.I. Jain Brothers
New Delhi.3rd edition2001.
 Sahay, Jagdiswar. Elements of Agricultural Engineering. Agro book Agencies1977 Singhal,
O.P. Agricultural Engineering, 1977

Reference Books
 Principles of Farm Machinery” byKepner
 Agricultural Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications” by Ray VHerren
 COURSE CODE: ABHO 302

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR VEGETABLE AND SPICES

CREDITS 2(1+1)

DEPARTMENT: HORTICULTURE

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

 To give the basic knowledge and cultivation of spices crops and medicinal crops and aromatic
crops and plantation crops.
 To give the knowledge based on different type classification in spices crops, medicinal
crops and aromatic crops and plantation crops.

Theory

UNIT-I Importance of vegetables & spices in human nutrition and national economy.
UNIT-II Brief about origin, area, production of vegetable and spices.
UNIT-III Improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing, sowing transplanting
techniques, planting distance, fertilizer requirements, irrigation of vegetable and spices.
UNIT-IV Weed management, harvesting, storage, physiological disorders of vegetable and spices.
UNIT-V Disease and pest control and seed production of important of vegetable and spices.

Lecture Schedule
1. Importance of vegetables and spices in human nutrition and national economy – Classification of
vegetables - 1) Botanical 2) Based on Hardiness 3) Parts Used 4) Method of culture 5)Season.
1. Tomato- Botanical Name – Family – Origin – Area – Production- Improved varieties and
cultivation practices such as time of sowing - Sowing - Transplanting techniques - Planting
distance - Fertilizer requirements - Irrigation - Weed management – Harvesting Yield -
Storage - Physiological disorders - Disease and pest control and seed production.
2. Brinjal and Chilli - Botanical name – Family - Origin - Area - Production - Improved
varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing - Sowing - Transplanting
techniques - Planting distance - Fertilizer requirements - Irrigation - Weed management
Harvesting - Yield - Storage - Disease and pest control and seed production.
3. Okra and Leafy vegetables (Amaranthus and Gogu) - Botanical name – Family - Originarea-
 Production - Improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowingSowing - Planting
distance - Fertilizer requirements – Irrigation Weed management - Harvesting - Yield - Storage -
Disease and pest control and seed production.
4. Cucurbits – Flowering, sex expression, sex ratio - Cucumber, Ridge gourd, Bitter gourd,
Bottle gourd- Botanical name – Family - Origin - Area - Production - improved varieties and
cultivation practices such as time of sowing - Sowing - Planting distance - Fertilizer
requirements - Irrigation - Weed management - Harvesting - Yield - Storage - Physiological
disorders - Disease and pest control and seed production.
5. Melons – Watermelon and Muskmelon - Botanical name – Family - Origin - Area -
Production - Improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing sowing -
Planting distance - Fertilizer requirements - Irrigation - Weed management - Harvesting -
Yield – Production of seedless watermelons – Storage Physiological disorders - Disease and
pest control and seed production.
6. Cole crops- Cabbage and Cauliflower -Botanical name – Family - Origin - Area - production
Improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing sowing - Planting
distance - Fertilizer requirements - Irrigation - Weed management - Harvesting - Yield –
Storage - Physiological disorders - Disease and pest control and seed production.
7. Peas and beans (Cluster bean, French bean, Dolichos) - Botanical name – Family - Origin -
Area - Production - Improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of Sowing -
sowing - Planting distance - Fertilizer requirements – Irrigation Weed management -
Harvesting - Yield –Storage - Physiological disorders - Disease and pest control and seed
production.
8. Root crops (Carrot and Radish) - Botanical name – Family - Origin - Area - Production
Improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing - Sowing - Planting
distance - Fertilizer requirements - Irrigation - Weed management – Harvesting Yield -
Storage - Physiological disorders (splitting, forking and cavity spot) - Disease and pest
control and seed production.
9. Tapioca and Sweet potato - Botanical name – Family - Origin - Area – Production Improved
varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing - Sowing - Planting distance -
Fertilizer requirements - Irrigation - Weed management – Harvesting Yield - Storage -
Physiological disorders - Disease and pest control and seed production.

10. Perennial vegetables – Drumstick and Curry Leaf- Botanical name – Family – Origin Area -
Production - Improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing - Sowing -
Planting distance - Fertilizer requirements - Irrigation - Weed management - Harvesting -
Yield - Storage - Physiological disorders - Disease and pest control and seed production.

11. Bulb crops – Onion and Garlic - Botanical name – Family - Origin - Area - Production
Improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing - Sowing - Planting
distance - Fertilizer requirements - Irrigation - Weed management - Harvesting-Yield -
Storage - Physiological disorders - Disease and pest control and seed production.
12. Black pepper - Botanical name – Family - Origin - Introduction - Varieties - Climate- Soil –
Systemsofcultivation-Ppropagation-Planting-Shade regulation Training and pruning
 Fertilizer requirements - Iirrigation – Intercultural operations - Harvesting – Processing -
Yield - Pests and diseases.
13. Cardamom - Botanical name – Family - Origin - Introduction - Varieties - Climate- soil
Systems of cultivation - Propagation - Planting - Shade regulation – Fertilizer requirement -
Irrigation - Intercultural operations - Harvesting – Processing - Yield - Pests and diseases.
14. Ginger and Turmeric – Botanical name – Family - Origin - Introduction - Varieties Climate-
Practical Soil – Systems of cultivation - Propagation - Planting - Mulching – Fertilizer requirement -
Irrigation - Intercropping - intercultural operations - Harvesting – Processing - yield - Pests
and diseases – Preservation of seed rhizomes.
15. Cinnamon - Coriander and Fenugreek- Botanical name – Family - Origin - Area - Production -
Improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing. sowing - Transplanting
techniques - Fertilizer requirements - Irrigation - Intercultural operations - Harvesting - Pests
and Diseases.

 Identification of vegetables & spices crops and their seeds.

 Nursery raising.
 Direct seed sowing and transplanting.
 Study of morphological characters of different vegetables & spices.
 Fertilizers applications.
 Raising of nursery of vegetables & spices.
 Vegetables & spices seed extraction.
 Harvesting & preparation for market.
 Economics of vegetables and spices cultivation.

COURSEOUTCOME:

 To give knowledge about the production technology of spices, medicinal and aromatic plants.
 To give knowledge about the site selection of nursery and their management

Suggested Readings Books:-

Text Books

 Choudhury, B.1983. Vegetables. National Book Trust, New Delhi.

 Das, P. C.1993. Vegetable crops in India. Kalyani Publishers
  Gopalakrishnan, T. R. 2007. Vegetable Crops. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
 Kallo, G. Tomato. Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
 Peter, K. V. 1998. Genetics and Breeding of vegetables. ICAR, New Delhi.
 Thamburaj, S. and Singh, N. 2005. Vegetables, tuber crops and spices. ICAR, New Delhi.

Reference Books

 Vegetable Growing S.C. Dey

 A2Z Solution Vegetable, Spices and Condiments Dr. A.S.Salariya
 Vegetable Science Neeraj Pratap Singh
 Hazra, P. and Som, M. G. 1999. Technology for vegetable Production and Improvement.
Naya Prokash,Calcutta
 Bose, T. K. and Som, M. G. 1990. Vegetable crops in India. Naya Prokash, Calcutta.

 Chadha, K. L. 2003. Handbookof Horticulture, ICAR, New Delhi.

 COURSE CODE: ABES 301

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

CREDIT 3(2+1)
DEPARTMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

 To study the importance of environmental science and ecosystem.

 To study about environmental pollution and disaster management.
Theory

Unit - I Renewable and non-renewable resources, Natural resources and associated problems Multidisciplinary
nature of environmental studies Definition, scope and importance. Natural Resources. a) Forest
resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. lifestyles. problems, water
logging, salinity, case studies. e) Energy resources: Growing energy Tim berextraction, mining,
dams and their effects on forest and tribal people. b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of
surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams- benefits and problems. c)
Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral
resources, case studies. d) Food resources: World food problems, resources for sustainable needs,
renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies.f)Land
resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and
desertification. • Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. • Equitable use of
changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide

UNIT – II Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem, Structure and function of an ecosystem, Producers, food
webs and ecological pyramids. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and consumers
and decomposers, Energy flow in the ecosystem. Ecological succession, Food chains, ecosystem d.
Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) function of the following
ecosystem: a. Forest ecosystem b. Grassland ecosystem c. Desert India. Conservation of
 biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. Diversity and bio geographical
classification of India. Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical,
aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at global, National and local levels, India as a mega-
diversity nation.Hot-sports of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of
wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of Biodiversity and its
conservation: - Introduction, definition, genetic, species & ecosystem

UNIT – III Environmental Pollution: definition, cause, effects and control measures of: a. Air pollution b.
Water pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise pollution f. Thermal pollution g.
industrial wastes.Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.Nuclear hazards. Solid Waste
Management: causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. Role of an
individual in prevention of pollution. Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to
Sustainable development, Urban awareness.

UNIT - IV Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions, climate change, global warming, acid rain,
ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. dies. Wasteland reclamation.Consumerism
and waste products.Environment Protection Act.Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act.Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act.Wildlife Protection Act.Forest Conservation
Act. Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. Public problems related to
energy, Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management. Human Population and
the Environment: population growth, variation among nations, population Environment and human
health. Education, HIV/AIDS.Women and Child Welfare.Role of Information Technology in
explosion, Family Welfare Programme. Environment and human health: Human Rights,Value

UNIT – V Disaster management: Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and
effects. Floods, Climatic change: global warming, Sea level rise, ozone depletion. drought,
cyclone, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold waves, Man Made
Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest
fire, oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, industrial waste water pollution, road
accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents. Disaster Management- Effect to migrate
natural disaster at national and global levels.International strategy for disaster reduction.Concept of
disaster management, national disaster management framework; financial arrangements; role of
NGOs, community –based organizations Disaster response; Police and other organizations.and
media. Central, state, district and local administration; Armed forces in disaster response.
Lecture Schedule

1 Environmental studies - Definition – Scope and importance, need for public awareness, people
and institutions in environment.
2 Natural resources – Renewable and non renewable resources – Forest resources–Functions of
forests – Causes and consequences of deforestation.
3 Water resources – Sources, uses and over utilization of surface and groundwater - Dams –
Benefits and problems – Sustainable management of water.
4 Food resources – Food sources, world food problems and food security.
5 Energy resources – Renewable and non-renewable energy sources and their impacton
environment.
6 Land resources – Land degradation, desertification and land use planning – Role ofan individual
in conservation of naturalre sources.
7 Biodiversity – Definition – Types of biodiversity – Bio-geographical classification in India –
Methods of measuring biodiversity – Biodiversity Act – Functions of National Biodiversity
Board.
8 Threatstobiodiversity–Habitatloss–Poachingofwildlife–Man-wild life conflicts
– Conservation of biodiversity – In situ and ex situ.

9 Environmental pollution – Causes, effects and control measures of air and waterpollution –
Tolerable limits for toxic gases in air.
10 Causes, effects and control measures of soil pollution – Bioremediation – Tolerablelimits for
heavy metals in soil.
11 Causes, effects and control measures of thermal, marine and noise pollution, nuclear hazards.
12 Solid waste management – Need of waste management – Types of solid waste – Management
processing technologies.
13 & 14Disaster management - Natural Disasters – Meaning and nature of natural disasters, types
and effects - Floods, drought, cyclone, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions,
heat and cold waves - Man made disasters – Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological
disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire, oil fire, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents,
sea accidents. – International strategy for disaster reduction - Concept of disastermanagement
- National disaster management framework - Financial arrangements - Role of NGOs,
community based organizations and media, Central, state, district and local administration,
Armed forces, police and other organizations in disaster response.
15. Social issues and the environment – Unsustainable to sustainable development – The
Environment Protection Act – The air (prevention and control of pollution) act
The water (prevention and control of pollution) act – The wild life protection act
Forest conservation act.
16. Woman and child welfare – Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)/ Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) – Role of information technology on environment and
human health.
Practical
 Pollution case studies. Case Studies- Fieldwork:
 Visit to a local area to document environmental.
 Ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc.
 Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural.
 Study of common plants, insects, birds.
 Study of simple assets river/ forest/ grassland/ hill/mountain.
 Visit to a local polluted site

COURSE OUTCOME
 Knowledge about management of flood, earth quack, cyclone and landslides
 To knowledge about how to control the pollution.
 This subject provides the knowledge about the Indian Acts of environment protection
Suggested Readings Books:-

 Hodges, L.1973. Environmental Pollution. 2nd Edn. Holt,, Rinehart and Winston,USA
 Gupta,A.K.2007.MethodsinEnvironmentalAnalysisWater,Soil and
Air.2nd Edn. Published by AGROBIOS( India)Jodpur

 Purohit,S.S.2006.EnvironmentalPollutionCauses,EffectsandControl.Publ
ishedby AGROBIOS( India)Jodpur

 Salt, D.E, Smith, R.D. and Ruskin, I. 1998. Phyto Remediation. Annu Rev.
Plant Physical. Plant Mol. Biol. 49 : 643 -68.
 Sehgal, J.L. & Absol, I.P. 1994. Soil Degradation in India, Status and Impact.
Oxford andIBH publishing Co., NewDelhi
 Rathore N.S., Panwar N.L., Kurchania A.K.,Renewable Energy Theory &
Practice,(2008), Himanshu Publications, New Delhi. ISBN9788179061282
 Rathore NS, Panwar NL, Kurchania AK, Renewable Energy Theory & Practice,
(2006), ISBN 9788179061282, Himanshu Publications, NewDelhi,
 Rathore N.S., Panwar N.L., Kurchania A.K, Non Conventional Energy Sources,
(2007),pages
355. ISBN 9788179061664Himanshu Publications, New Delhi.

Reference Books
 Alloway, A.J. 1990. Heavy metals in soils. John Wiley & Sons, NewYork.
 Banjerji, S.K. 1993. Environmental Chemistry. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, NewDelhi
 Briggs, D and Courtney, F. 1993. Agriculture and Environment. The Physical
Geography of Temperate Agriculture System. Longman, London Filter, A.H.
and Hay, R.K.M. 1987. Environmental Physiology of Plants. 2nd Edn.
 A  Functions of statistics and collection of statistically data
ca  To understand the sample survey.
d  Knowledge of frequency distribution and measures of dispersion
e
m Theory
ic
Pr
es UNIT - I Introduction to Statistics and its Applications in Agriculture, Graphical Representation
s, of Data, Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion, Definition of Probability,
L Addition and Multiplication Theorem (without proof).
o
n UNIT-II Simple Problems Based on Probability. Binomial & Poisson Distributions,
d
Definition of Correlation, Scatter Diagram.Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of
o
n Correlation.

UNITIII Linear Regression Equations. Introduction to Test of Significance, One sample

&Two sample test t for Means, Chi-Square Test of Independence of Attributes in
2002 Contingency Table.

COURSE CODE:
UNIT-IV ABST 301
Introduction to Analysis of Variance, Analysis of One Way Classification.
UNIT – V Introduction to Sampling Methods, Sampling versus Complete Enumeration, Simple
STATIS Random Sampling with and without replacement, Use of Random Number Tables
TICAL for selection ofSimple Random Sample.
METH
Lecture Schedule
ODS
CREDI
TS 1. Introduction and various definitions of Statistics - Singular and plural reference
of Statistics - A comprehensive definition of Statistics - Importance of Statistics
2(1+1) in agriculture - limitations of statistics.
2. Frequency Distribution- Exclusive and inclusive methods - Discrete and
continuousvariables
- Graphical representation of data
DEPAR
TMENT 3. Central tendency-Definition - Measures of Central tendency - List of all the
different measures and study of Arithmetic Mean – Median - Mode in detail
: (including merits and demerits) for ungrouped and grouped data.
AGRIC
ULTUR
AL
STATIS
TICS

COUR
SE
OBJE
CTIVE
:
 4. Measures of Dispersion – Meaning of measures of Dispersion - Standard Deviation for
ungrouped and grouped data- Coefficient of Variation (C.V) - Standard Error (S.E.)
anddifference between S.D. and S.E.
5. Definition of Probability – Addition - Multiplication theorems - Binomial and Poisson
distributions
6. Normal Curve and its properties - Identification of normality through data i.e.., criterion. etc.,
expression for frequency function of Normaldistribution
7. Testing of Hypothesis – Concept - Null hypothesis - Type I and Type II Errors - Level of
Significance - Critical region - General setup of testing - Large Sample Test with known and
unknown
8. Small Sample test (t-test for one and two samples and Paired t- test) and F-test
9. Chi-Square test for 2x 2 and m x n contingency Table - Yate’s correction for Continuity
10. Correlation – Scatter diagram - Positive and negative correlation and it stesting
11. Regression – Fitting of linear regression equation of Y on X and X on Y and the inter relation-
ship with “r” and testing of regression coefficients
12. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) - Definition and assumptions - ANOVA with One-way
classification (CRD) layout and analysis with equal and unequal repetitions, Advantages and
disadvantages
13. ANOVA with Two way Classification (RBD) - Layout and analysis, Advantages and
disadvantages
14. ANOVA with three way classification ( LSD) – Layout and Analysis - Advantages and
disadvantages.
15. Introduction to Sampling - Sampling Vs Census - Purposive and Random Sampling
16. Simple Random Sampling - Method of selection - Estimates of population mean and total and
the estimates of their variances and confidence limits.

Practical

 Graphical Representation of Data. Measures of Central Tendency (Ungrouped data) with

Calculation of Quartiles, Deciles & Percentiles.
 Measures of Central Tendency (Grouped data) with Calculation of Quartiles, Deciles &
Percentiles.
 Measures of Dispersion (Ungrouped Data). Measures of Dispersion (Grouped Data). Moments,
Measures of skewness& Kurtosis (UngroupedData).
 Moments, Measures of skewness & Kurtosis (GroupedData).
 Correlation & Regression Analysis. Application of One Samplet-test.
 Application of two Sample Fisher’s t-test.
 Chi-Square test of Goodness of Fit. Chi-Square test of Independence of Attributes for 2X2
contingency table.
  Analysis of Variance One Way Classification.
 Analysis of Variance Two Way Classification.
 Selection of random sample using Simple Random Sampling.


COURSE OUTCOME

 Enhanced Collection of Statistical Data. Formation of Frequency Distribution.

 Improvement in the Information about Sampling, Sampling Distribution and Standard Error.
 Enhanced Knowledge of Sample Surveys in Agriculture.

Suggested Readings Books:-

Text Books

 Sankhyiki (Hindi) – S.P.Singh

 Krishi Sankhiyiki (Hindi) – S.R.S. Chandel
 Fundamental of Statistics – S.C.Gupta
 Statistical Methods A. Majumder, P.K.Sahu

Reference Books

 Basic Statistics – Rand R.Wilcok

 Elements of Agricultural Statistics – Ramesh Chandra Bharti Anil Kumar Bharti
 COURSE CODE: ABAH 301

LIVESTOCK & POULTRY MANAGEMENT

CREDITS 4 (3+1)

DEPARTMENT: ANIMAL PRODUCTION

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

1. To acquaint the students about different breeds of livestock & poultry and their feeding
Breeding and management.
2. To acquaint the students about common diseases of livestock & poultry andtheir
vaccination protocol.

Theory

UNIT–I Role of livestock in the national economy.Reproduction in farm animals and poultry.Housing
principles, space requirements for different species of livestock and poultry.

UNIT– II Management of calves, growing heifers and milch animals. Management of sheep, goat
and swine.Incubation, hatching and brooding.Management of growers and layers.

UNIT– III Important Indian and exotic breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry.Improvement of
farm animals and poultry.

UNIT IV Digestion in livestock and poultry.Classification of feeds stuffs. Nutrients and their functions. Feed
ingredients for ration for livestock and poultry. Feed supplements and feed additives. Feeding
of livestock and poultry.

UNIT-V Introduction of livestock and poultry diseases.Prevention (including vaccination

schedule) and control of important diseases of livestock and poultry.

Lecture Schedule
1 Population dynamics of live-stock and role in Indian economy.
2 Reproduction in live-stock and poultry.
3 Housing systems live-stock and poultry.
4 Design and construction of live-stock and poultry buildings.
5 Selection of site and General principles affecting the design.
 6 Building materials
7 Indian breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry
8 Exotic breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry
9 Management of calves, growing heifers and milch animals
10 Management of sheep, goat and swine
11 Incubation, hatching and brooding
12 Digestion and metabolism live-stock and poultry.
13 Classification of feedstuffs for live-stockandpoultry. Nutrients and their functions.
14 Feed ingredients for ration- Balanced ration.
15 General principles of computation of ration.
16 Formulation of rations and feeding dairy cattle and buffaloes.
17 Feed supplements Feed additives in the rations of live-stock and poultry.
18 Feeding of live-stock and poultry.
19 Diseases of cattle and buffaloes.
20 Diseases of Poultry.
21 Sanitation – Sanitation of live-stock and poultry houses.
22 Preventionof infectious diseases in live-stock and poultry.
23 Vaccination schedule for cattle and buffaloes sheep, goat.
24 Vaccination schedule for poultry.
25 Control of infectious diseases in live-stock and poultry.

Practical

 Formulation of concentrate mixtures.

 Clean milk production, milking methods.
 Hatchery operations, incubation and hatching equipments.
 Management of chicks, growers and layers, debeaking, and vaccination.
 External body parts of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry.
 Handling and restraining of livestock.
 Identification methods of farm animals and poultry.
 Visit to IDF and IPF to study breeds of livestock and poultry and daily routine farm operations
and farm records.
 Judging of cattle, buffalo and poultry.
 Culling of livestock and poultry.
 Layout of housing for different types of livestock.
 Computation of rations for livestock.

COURCE OUTCOME

 After study of this subject the students will be able to differentiate between variousbreeds
of livestock and poultry and will be able to manage livestock and poultry units
professionally.

Suggested Readings Books:-

Text Books

 Banerjee, G.C. 1993. The Text Book of Animal Husbandry. Oxford Book Company,
CALCUTTA
 ICAR, 2001. A Hand Book of AnimalHusbandry.
 Sastry, N.S.R., Thomas, C.K. and Singh, R.A. 1982. Farm Animal Management and Poultry
Production. Vikas Publishing House Private Limited, GHAZIABAD, UttarPradesh.

 Hand book of Animal husbandry-Indian council of agricultural research publication, New

Delhi, Third edition,2002
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 vk/kqfud i’kq mRiknu ,oa izca/ku & MkW- jkek/kkj flag &vkbZ-lh-,-vkj-
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 Livestock Production and Management – Shashtri – Kalyani Publication

Reference Books

 Dairy India Year Book 2001. A-25, Priya darshini Vihar,DELHI.

 Gopala Krishnan, C.A., and Lal, D.M.M., 1992. Livestock and Poultry Enterprises for Rural
Development. Vikas Publishing House Private Limited, Ghaziabad,U.P.,

 Indian Poultry Industry Year Book 1998. A25 Priya darshini Vihar, DELHI.
 Kadirvel, R., and Balakrishnan, V., 1998. Hand Book of Poultry Nutrition. Madras Veterinary
College, TANUVAS., CHENNAI-7.
 Maynard, C. And Loosli, S. 1989. Animal Nutrition. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company
Limited, NEWDELHI.
 Prabakaran, R., 1998. Commercial Chicken Production. Publisher P. Saranya, 5/2,
Ramalingam Street, Seven Wells,CHENNAI-1.
 Ranjan, S.K. 1985. Animal Nutrition in Tropics. Vikas Publishing House Private Limited,
Ghaziabad, Uttar, Pradesh.
 Sukumar De., 1980. Outlines of Dairy Technology. Oxford University Press,DELHI.
 Dairy Farming – Avtar Singh and B.K. Joshi

Theory

Origin, geographical distribution, economic importance, Soil and climatic requirements,

varieties, cultural practices and yield of Rabi crops.

UNIT–1 Cereals-wheat andbarley

UNIT– II Pulses-chickpea, lentil,peas
UNIT– III Oilseeds-rapeseed, Mustard and sunflower;

UNIT– IV Sugar crops-sugarcane; medicinal and aromatic crops-mentha, lemon grass and citronella,
UNIT-V Forage crops-berseem, Lucerne and oat.

Lecture Schedule
1. Origin, geographical distribution, Economic importance, Soil and climatic requirements,
Varieties, cultural practices and yield of wheat crop.
2. Origin, geographical distribution, Economic importance, Soil and climatic requirements,
Varieties, cultural practices and yield of barley crop.
3. Origin, geographical distribution, Economic importance, Soil and climatic requirements,
Varieties, cultural practices and yield of chickpea crop.
4. Origin, geographical distribution, Economic importance, Soil and climatic requirements,
Varieties, cultural practices and yield of lentil crop.

Kalyani Publ., New Delhi.

1. Dhaliwal, GS & Koul O. 2007. Biopesticides and Pest Management. Kalyani Publ., New
Delhi.
2. Gautam, R.D. Biological Pest Suppression, Westvill Publising Co., NewDelhi.
3. Manfred Mackaur, Laster E.Ehler and Jens Roland. 1990. Critical Issues in Biological
control- Intercept Ltd. Project Directorate of Biological control. 1994. Technology for mass
production of Natural enemies. Technical Bulletin-4.
4. Srivastava, K.P. 2004. A Text Book of Entomology, Vol. I, Kalyani Publishers, NewDelhi.
5. Abrol,D.P.2013.Beekeeping:A Comprehensive Guide to Bee,Beekeeping, Scientific
Publishers,Jodhpur.