DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS

IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

NAME _________________________________ STRAND ___________
GRADE 12 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN

MODULE 1
EMERGENCE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
TOPICS

• Introduction to Social Sciences with Natural Sciences and Humanities

• Nature and Functions of Social Sciences Disciplines

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, the learners should be able to:

• define Social Sciences as the study of society;

• distinguish Social Sciences and Natural Sciences and Humanities;
• differentiate Social Sciences from Natural Sciences and Humanities;
• define the nine disciplines of Social Sciences; and
• identify the natures and functions of each discipline.

Dominican Core Values

Truth, Compassionate Service and Excellence

References

Banaag,Lee Mark T.Socio Anthro;An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Study and Culture.Mandaluyong City;Books
Atbp.Publishing Corp.2012.
Bernardez, Edisteo B. and Rowena T. Ulalan. Introduction to Linguistics. Malabon City: Jimczyville Publications.2013.
Bonnett, Alastair (2008). What is Geography? (p.102). London: Sage Publication.
Economic and social research council. Retrieved July 18, 2016 at www.esrc.ac.uk/about-us/what-is-social-science
Denhardt, Robert B. & Denhardt, Janet Vinzent (2009). Public Administration: An Action Orientation (pp.2). Belmont A:
Thomson Wadsworth.
Gigante - Labiste, Maria Caridad and Tumoroh Caridad and Tumoroh Carin Brazalote. General Psychology. Mandaluyong
City: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. 2011.
Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 05, 2020.Major Schools of Thought in
Psychology https://www.verywellmind.com/psychology-schools-of-thought-2795247
Leaňo, Roman D and Ronald M. Corpuz. Fundamental of Economics.Mania: Mindshaper Co., Inc.2012.
Mortel, Honorardo M. et al. The Basics of Political Science. Manila: Innovative Educational Materials, Inc.2013.
Sagmit Rosario S.and Nora N. Soriano.Geography in the Changing World.Quezon:Rex Printing Company,Inc.1999.
San Juan, Wilfredo R. and Ma. Luz J. Centeno. General Sociology with Anthropology and Family Planning. Mandaluyong
City: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.2011.
Stearns, Peter N., Seixas, Peter & Sam Wineburg (2000). Knowing Teaching and Learning History. National and
International Perspectives (pp.24). New York & London: New York University Press.

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 Introduction to Social Sciences
with Natural Sciences and Humanities

The scientific study of organized human groups is a relatively recent development, but a vast amount of
information has been accumulated concerning the social life of human beings. This information has been used in
building a system of knowledge called Social Sciences about the nature, growth and functioning of human societi es.

Historical Background of Social Sciences

The history of the social sciences begun in the roots of ancient philosophy. In ancient history, there was no
difference between Mathematics and the study of history, poetry or politics, only with the development of mathematical
proof did there gradually arise a perceived difference between “scientific” disciplines and others such as the
“humanities” or “liberal arts.”

The Age of Enlightenment saw a revolution within natural philosophy, changing the ba sic framework by which
individuals understood what was “scientific”. In some quarters, the accelerating trend of mathematical studies
presumed a reality independent of the observer and worked by its own rules. Social sciences came forth from the moral
philosophy of the time and were influenced by the Age of Revolution, such as the Industrial Revolution and the French
Revolution. The Social Sciences developed from the sciences (experimental and applied), or the systematic knowledge
- bases or prescriptive practices, relating to the social improvement of a group of interacting entities. (Quexbook, 2018)

According to Stearns et al. (2000) In the period of 1760

• Some effort was spent on the study of man and society. Hobbes` Leviathan; Lock’s Two Treatises on
Government; Vico`s New Science; and Montesquieu Spirit of Laws were all published in this period.
• The revival of interest in social science occurred in the middle of the 18th century.
• By the middle of 18th century, capitalism had begun to outgrow its early state and gradually it became the
dominant socio-economic system in western and northern Europe.
• In the second half of the 18th century, urbanization and population growth became accelerated, and during this
period slums, alcoholism, brutality of manners etc. developed which were to become the targets of social reforms.
• In the other half of the 18th century, in response to the above there is a multiplication of works with a scientific
character.
• Auguste comte (1798-1853) invented the term sociology. He was the first to systematize and give a complete
analysis of the principles of the positive character of the Social Sciences.
• Montesquieu and Voltaire broke a new path for politics and history.

According to Stearns et al. (2000) 19th Century Development

• At the beginning of the 19th century, social science had attained in all the leading European countries a firm and
respectable position.
• In the 20th century we can also observe recurrent occasions when proposals for a generalized social science were
made.
• The contribution of Auguste Comte was accepted immediately; Emile Durkheim and the sociologists of the late
century and early century were influenced by him.
• Karl Marx gave the first general theory of social science.

According to Stearns et al. (2000) 20th Century Development

• If we examine the course of development of the various social science disciplines, we find that they follow, on the
whole, a pattern through which the older natural sciences also passed.
• At this stage the social science has become institutionalized to a high degree. It has now become a subject of
research.
• Lawrence A. Kempton in his article “Social Sciences Today” states that social science as science is very young and
there is confusion with regards to its limits and boundaries.
• History moves in to the humanities, economics becomes Mathematics, anthropology and psychology a lly
themselves with biology and the geography is at home with physical science.
• While in its initial period, it may have been the pre-occupation of a group of semi-amateurs, philosopher, practical
men in business and government, or gentleman of leisure; it now has become a subject of research on the part of
academic specialists.
• In the third and the most mature stage of discipline the battles over method have subsided, the theoretical
rivalries tend to be submerged in the efforts to elaborate propositions bridging the differences and contributing
towards the further progress of the discipline.

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 Definitions of Social Sciences, Natural Sciences,
and Humanities Social Sciences Denhardt et al. (2009)

Social Sciences

A branch of science devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those
societies. “Social sciences as those mental or cultural sciences which deal with the activities of the individual as member
of the group. The term social sciences thus embrace all those subjects which deal with the relationship of man to the
society.

Natural Sciences

A major branch of science that deals with the description, prediction and understanding of natural phenomena,
basically based on observational and empirical evidence.

Table 1: Two Main Branches of Natural Science Denhardt et al. (2009)

Branches of Natural Description

Science
1. Life Science/ It studies life in all its forms, past and present. This includes plants, animals, viruses
Biological Science and bacteria, single-celled organisms, and even cells.
2. Physical Science This is the systematic study of the inorganic world, as distinct from the study of the
organic world, which is the province of biological science.
a. Physics The science in which matter and energy are studied both separately and in
combination with one another.
b. Astronomy The scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies)
and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere (such as the cosmic
background radiation).
c. Chemistry The study of matter and its transformations and the development of methods to
manipulate those transformations to create new and useful forms of matter.
d. Earth Science The study of the Earth and its neighbors in space. It is an exciting science with many
interesting and practical applications.

Humanities

- refers to the study of the ways in which the human experience is processed and documented.
- encompasses the field of philosophy, literature, religion, art, music, history and language.

Social Sciences and Natural Sciences

Things in Common

- both sciences employ the scientific model in order to gain information.

- both sciences use empirical and measured data evidence that can be seen and discerned by the senses.
- both sciences’ theories can be tested to yield theoretical statements and general positions.

Table 2: Differences of Social Sciences and Natural Sciences

Social Science Natural Science
• Arose 300 years later • Started during the 16th and 17th century.
• Deals with subject (human being) • Deals with object.
• It is spontaneous, unpredictable and • Characterized by exactness, controlled variables, and
uncontrollable, as it deals with human emotions predictability.
and behavior. • Experimental Data
• Experiential Data • The typical method of science is doing repetitive and
• Typically involves alternative methods of conventional laboratory experiments.
observation and interaction with people within • Closed System
community.
• Open system

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 Social Sciences and Humanities

Things in Common

Both the humanities and social science are concerned with human aspects like, law, politics, linguistics,
economics, and psychology as well as human lives and nature.

Table 3: Differences of Social Sciences and Humanities

Social Science Humanities
• Influenced by and developed after the French • Emerged in the 15th century.
revolution and the Industrial revolution. • Humanities involved more of a scientific approach.
• Social science deals with more scientific approach. • Deemed to be more philosophical and concerned with
• Involves application of an empirical, rational, and heritage and the question of what makes us human.
objective methodology (such as the use of validity • It comprises the application of an interpretative
and reliability test) to present facts. methodology.

Table 4: Functions of Social Sciences and Humanities

Social Science Humanities
• To analyze, explain, and possibly predict and • To better appreciate the meaning and purpose of the
produce new knowledge of factual information human experience - both broadly in the nature of the
• To generate and produce new knowledge or human condition, as well as within each individual
factual information

Nature and Functions of Social Sciences Disciplines

Social science tells us how society works. It provides a deeper understanding about the world beyond our
immediate experience. It tells us that everything is interconnected, that the labor of yesterday can be the fruits of today
and that the actions of today will have an impact in the future of humanity.

Social sciences consist of a variety of disciplines, subject areas, and methods, and there is no reason to expect
that these disciplines will eventually add up to a single unified theory of society. Political science, sociology, history,
anthropology, economics, geography, and area studies all provide their own, largely independent, definitions of scope,
research agenda, and research methods. Furthermore, there is no grand plan according to which the disciplinary
definitions jointly capture all that is of scientific interest about the social. Anthropology, Demography, Economics,
Geography, History, Linguistics, Political Science, Psychology, and Sociology are the nine social science disciplines.

Table 1: Etymologies of Social Science Disciplines and Definitions

Social Science Etymologies Definition
Disciplines
Anthropology “anthopos” (human), Scientific study of man or human being and their societies in the
“logos” (study of) past and present
Demography “demos” (people), Study of human population and dynamics
“graphein” (description)
Economics “oikanomia” (household Study of what constitutes rational human behavior in the
management) endeavor to fulfill needs and wants
Geography “geo” (Earth), Deals with the study of the relationship between the earth
“graphein”(seis) and people
Linguistics “lingua” (tongue, Study of languages and focuses on the three aspects of
language) language
History “histoir e” (recorded and The study of the past and its records about events.
documented events)
Political “politik a,” “polis” (affairs Deals with the system of governance.
Science of the cities)
Psychology “psyche” (mind), Scientific study of the mind and behavior.
“logos” (study of)
Sociology “socius” (people Study of groups - how they are formed, how they change, and
together, associate), how the group impacts individual behavior
“logos” (study of)

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 Table 2: Function of Social Science Disciplines
Disciplines Function
Anthropology Essentially to understand as many aspects of human life as can possibly be studied, to record its
findings, and contribute to both historical understanding as well as to ascertain current states of
the human condition in an attempt to better understand and/or act upon those findings. (Fethe,
2017)
Geography To understand basic physical systems that affect everyday life (e.g., earth-sun relationships,
water cycles, wind and ocean currents). To learn the location of places and the physical and
cultural characteristics of those places in order to function more effectively in our increasingly
interdependent world. (Bonnett, 2008)
History A useful for work. Its study helps create good businesspeople, professionals, and political
leaders. The number of explicit professional jobs for historians is considerable, but most people
who study history do not become professional historians. (Evans, 2001)
Sociology Can study society with a wide variety of focuses. From studying the power elite, to the
interaction of the economy, society and the environment, to the examination of various rights
movements, Sociology examines the way different
aspects of society behave and function. (San Juan, 2011)
Political A social study concerning the allocation and transfer of power in decision making, the roles and
Science systems of governance including governments and international organizations, political behavior
and public policies. (Mortel etal. 2003)
Economics The three most important functions of economics are as follows: Just as feeding, digestion and
growth are the vital processes of living beings; similarly, production, consumption and growth
are the essentials of economies. (Leaňo, 2012)
Linguistics Refer to the general social uses of language, such as requesting objects and activities, initiating
social interactions, expressing personal feelings, describing aspects of the world, requesting
information, and pretending. (Bernardez, 2013)
Demography To know the population of a particular area;
To ascertain as to which factors are influencing the population of that particular area;
To explain the factors relating to changes in population; and To study the population trends on
the basis of the above three factors.
Psychology According to earlier psychologists, the function of psychology was to study the nature, origin and
destiny of the human soul. But soul is something metaphysical. It cannot be seen, observed and
touched and we cannot make scientific experiments in soul.
(Kendra, 2020)

Table 3: Nature of Social Science Disciplines

Disciplines Natur e
Anthropology • The aim of modern social anthropology is just not to study human society but also to
(Ramos, 2014) understand the complex issues of modern human life.
• As primitive people have been the focus of anthropological study, the problems faced by
these people in the process of development in modern days become very important for
the anthropologists to study.
• Anthropologists not only deal with the study of these problems but also try to find out a
solution for this.
• Developmental anthropology and Action anthropology etc. are the specialized fields within
social anthropology which deal with such problems.
• Therefore, we can say that the scope and aim of social anthropology go together; one
influences the other. As much as the scope increases a new aim comes out of it.
Geography • Geography is concerned to provide an accurate, orderly, and rational description of the
(Semple, 2004) variable character of the earth's surface" (Hartshorne, p. 21).
• Understandably this characterization has not been universally accepted, and others have
suggested terms such as "areal differentiation," and "spatial interaction" as better
expressing the core of geography.
• It has been seen as more akin to history than to the systematic sciences (physics,
chemistry, biology, geology, meteorology, etc.) in that it has no body of material peculiar
to itself, but rather adopts a point of view.
• But subjects studied by some geographers, such as map projections, are highly
"scientific."
History • A study of the present in the light of the past: The present has evolved out of the past.
(Munslow, 2001) • Modern history enables us to understand how society has come to its present form so
that one may intelligently interpret the sequence of events.
• The causal relationships between the selected happenings are unearthed that help in
revealing the nature of happenings and framing of general laws.
• History is the study of man: History deals with man’s struggle through the ages. History is
not static.

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 • By selecting “innumerable biographies” and presenting their lives in the appropriate social
context and the ideas in the human context, we understand the sweep of events.
• It traces the fascinating story of how man has developed through the ages, how man has
studied to use and control his environment and how the present institutions have grown
out of the past.
• History is concerned with man in time: It deals with a series of events and each event
occurs at a given point in time. Human history, in fact, is the process of human
development in time.
• It is time which affords a perspective to events and lends a charm that brightens up the
past.
• History is concerned with man in space: The interaction of man on environment and vice
versa is a dynamic one. History describes about nations and human activities in the
context of their physical and geographical environment.
• Out of this arise the varied trends in the political, social, economic and cultural spheres of
man’s activities and achievements.
• Objective record of happenings: Every precaution is taken to base the data on original
sources and make them free from subjective interpretation.
• It helps in clear understanding of the past and enables us to take well informed decisions.
• Multisided: All aspects of the life of a social group are closely interrelated and historical
happenings cover all these aspects of life, not limited only to the political aspect that had
so long dominated history.
• History is a dialogue between the events of the past and progressively emerging future
ends. The historian’s interpretation of the past, his selection of the significant and the
relevant events, evolves with the progressive emergence of new goals.
• The general laws regulating historical happenings may not be considered enough;
attempts have to be made to predict future happenings on the basis of the laws.
• Not only narration but also analysis: The selected happenings are not merely narrated;
the causal relationships between them are properly unearthed.
• The tracing of these relationships leads to the development of general laws that are also
compared and contrasted with similar happenings in other social groups to improve the
reliability and validity of these laws.
• Continuity and coherence are the necessary requisites of history: History carries the
burden of human progress as it is passed down from generation to generation, from
society to society, justifying the essence of continuity.
• Relevant: In the study of history only those events are included which are rele vant to the
understanding of the present life.
• Comprehensiveness: According to modern concept, history is not confined to one period
or country or nation. It also deals with all aspects of human life-political,
social, economic, religious, literary, aesthetic and physical, giving a clear sense of world
unity and world citizenship.
Sociology • Sociology is an independent science: Sociology is not treated and studied as a branch of
(Lo, 2019) any other science like philosophy, history. Now it has emerged into an independent
science. As an independent science it has its own field of study.
• Sociology is a social science and not a physical science: All the sciences are divided into
two categories: natural sciences and social sciences.
• Natural sciences study physical phenomena where as social sciences study social
phenomena. Social sciences include Economics, Political Science, and Anthropology etc.
• Sociology belongs to the family of Social science. As a social science it concentrates its
attention on man, his social behavior, activities and social life. In other words, it studies
man as a social being.
• Sociology is a pure science and not an applied science: The aim of applied science is to
apply the acquired knowledge into life and to put it to use.
• But the aim of pure sciences is the acquisition of knowledge and it is not bothered
whether the acquired knowledge is useful or can be put to use. Sociology is a pure
science, because it aims at the acquisition of knowledge about human society, hot the
utilization of the knowledge.
• Sociology is an abstract science and not a concrete science: This doesn't mean that
Sociology, is an art and not a science. It only refers that Sociology is not interested in
concrete manifestations of human events.
• It is more concerned with the form of human events and their patterns. Similarly,
Sociology does not confine itself to the study of this society or that particular society. It
simply means that Sociology is an abstract science, not a concrete science.
• Sociology is a categorical and not a normative discipline: Sociology "confines itself about
what is, not what should be or ought to be."

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 • As a science it is silent about questions of value. It does not make any kind of value
judgment. It only means Sociology as a discipline cannot deal with problems of good and
evil, right and wrong.
• Sociology is a generalizing and not a particularizing science: Sociology does not study
each and every event that takes place in society. It makes generalization on the basis of
some selected events. For example , not by studying or examining all the
secondar y groups but by observing a few secondary groups, a sociologist makes
generalization of secondary groups.
• Sociology is a general science and not a special social science: The area of inquiry of
Sociology is general and not specialized. Social sciences like Political Science, History,
Economics, etc. study human interaction but not all about human interactions.
• But Sociology does not investigate special kind of phenomena in relation to human life,
and activities but it only studies human activities in a general way.
• Sociology is both a rational and empirical science: Empiricism is the approach that
emphasizes experiences and the facts that result from observation and experimentation.
• On the other hand, rationalism stresses reason and theories that result from logical
inference. The empiricist collects facts, the rationalist co-ordinates and arranges them.
• In sociological theory both are significant. Thus, Sociology is both a rational and empirical
science.
Political Science • Politics is not only a mere institution of governance but also a mechanism for achieving
(Bhargava,2008) societal goals.
• Political Science is thus a study of the state in the past, present, and future;
• Study of Political organization, political processes and political fun
• Study of Political Institutions and Political Theories.
• Study of several subfields: Political Theory.
Economics • Economics is a science: Science is an organized branch of knowledge that analyses cause
(Metu, 2016) and effect relationship between economic agents.
• Further, economics helps in integrating various sciences such as mathematics, statistics,
etc. to identify the relationship between price, demand, supply and other economic
factors.
• Positive Economics: A positive science is one that studies the relationship between two
variables but does not give any value judgment, i.e. it states ‘what is. It deals with facts
about the entire economy.
• Normative Economics: As a normative science, economics passes value judgment, i.e.,
‘what ought to be’. It is concerned with economic goals and policies to attain these goals.
• Economics is an art: Art is a discipline that expresses the way things are to be done, so as
to achieve the desired end.
• Economics has various branches like production, distribution, consumption and economics
that provide general rules and laws that are capable of solving different problems of
society.
• Therefore, economics is considered as science as well as art, i.e., science in terms of its
methodology and arts as in application.
• Hence, economics is concerned with both theoretical and practical aspects of the
economic problems which we encounter in our day-to-day life.
Linguistics • An academic discipline – a body of knowledge given to—or received by—a disciple
(student); a branch or sphere of knowledge, or field of study, that an individual has
chosen to specialize in.
• A field of science – a widely recognized category of specialized expertise within science,
embodying its own terminology, nomenclature, and scientific journals.
• A social science – a field of academic scholarship that explores aspects of human societies
related to the languages they speak.
Psychology • Psychology is the scientific study and practical application of observable behavior and
mental processes of organisms.
• Psychology differs from other social sciences such as: Sociology, History, or Economics,
because psychology specifically deals with the study of an individual. The other social
sciences will study groups, or history.
• Psychology is less a science of reported findings; it attempts asks and answers questions
using observable behavior and what can be determined as mental processes of the
subject.
• The symbol for psychology is the Greek letter “psi” (Ø). The subject matter of psychology
is, affect, behavior, and cognition.
• The affect for psychology is the actual mental processes that make up: moods, feeling,
and emotional state .

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 Table 4: According to Banaag, 2012 the Methods of Creating History
Methods Description
Positivism • Embraces human agency in history. Uses sources to provide and accurate and complete
vision of the past. Also embraces and empathetic approach towards people in the past.
Narrative - • The creation of narratives of the past - analysis plays
Chronology • less role as the role of accidents is most important.
Biography - • The “Great Men” method which creates chronological narratives. Often look at the agency of
Hagiography one individual
• in history.
Dialectics - • These are created which become orthodoxies. New theses then arrive to challenge these -
Analysis revisionism - and a synthesis is produced from the old and the new. The synthesis becomes
the new thesis or paradigm and the process of clashes (dialectics) repeats.
Meta - • Works of the Annales school are characterized by a multi - layered approach which seek to
Narrative/ integrate long term, midterm and short-term factors in a “total history”. There is an effort to
Total History explain large amounts of human history through the application of theory and social
sciences.
Negativism • Rejects human agency in historical affairs. Rejects all sources. Rejects the possibility of
empathetic understanding of the past.

Table 5: According to Gans, 2020 the School of Psychology

School of Proponents Description
Psychology
Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt and • Considered to be the first school of thought in Psychology.
Edward Titchener • This outlook focused on breaking down mental processes into the
most basic components.
• The focus was on reducing mental processes down into their most
basic elements.
• The structuralists used techniques such as introspection to analyze
the inner processes of the human mind.
Functionalism John Dewey, James • A general psychological philosophy that considers mental life and
Rowland Angell, and behavior in terms of active adaptation to the person’s environment.
Harvey Carr. • A theory of the mind in contemporary philosophy, developed
Founder: William largely as an alternative to both the identity theory of mind and
James behaviorism.
Psychoanalytic Sigmund Freud • Studies the unconscious mind.
• This school of thought emphasized the influence of the
unconscious mind on behavior.
• Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three
elements: the id, ego, and superego.
Behaviorism John Watson and • Focuses on observable behavior.
B.F. Skinner Suggests that all behavior can be explained by environmental
causes rather than by internal forces.
• Theories of learning including classical conditioning and operant
conditioning were the focus of a great deal of research.
• An approach to psychology that combines elements of philosophy,
methodology, and theory.
• Psychology should concern itself with the observable behavior of
people and animals, not with unobservable events that take place
in their minds.
Cognitivism Jean Piaget, David • The school of psychology that studies mental processes including
Ausubel , Jerome how people think, perceive, remember and learn.
Bruner, Robert • As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of
Gagne, and psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience,
Lev Vygotsky philosophy, and linguistics.
Gestalt Max Wertheimer, • Studies the mind and behavior as a whole
Psychology Wolfgang Kohler, • A school of psychology based upon the idea that we experience
and Kurt Koffka things as unified wholes.
• Means “form” or “configuration”. The whole is other than the sum
of its parts.

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 DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS
IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
NAME ____________________________ STRAND ____________

GRADE 12 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN

MODULE 1
Activity Sheet
Activity Perfect Score Actual Score
1 20
2 20
3 30
4 20
TOTAL 90

Performance 15
Task

“It always seems impossible until it’s done.”

- Nelson Mandela

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ACTIVITY 1 (2 points each)

Modified True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and if otherwise, underline the word(s) that make(s)
it wrong and write correct term on the blank provided before the number.

__________________________ 1. Social sciences came forth from the moral philosophy of the time and were
influenced by the Age of Revolution.

__________________________ 2. Montesquieu invented the term sociology. He was the first to systematize and give
a complete analysis of the principles of the positive character of the social sciences.

__________________________ 3. The revival of interest in social science occurred in the late of the 18 th century.

__________________________ 4. At the beginning of the 18th century, social science had attained in all the leading
European countries a firm and respectable position.

__________________________ 5. Lawrence A. Kempton in his article “Social Sciences Today” states that social
science as science is very young and there is confusion with regards to its limits and boundaries.

__________________________ 6. Voltaire gave the first general theory of social science .

__________________________ 7. The history of the social sciences begins in the roots of ancient philosophy.

__________________________ 8. Emile Durkheim and the sociologists of the late century and early century were
influenced by Auguste Comte.

__________________________ 9. In the 18th century stage, the social science has become institutionalized to a high
degree.

_________________________ 10. By the middle of 18th century, capitalism had begun to outgrow its early state and
gradually it became the dominant socio-economic system in western and northern Europe.

ACTIVITY 2 (2 points each)

Fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete the following sentences. Choose your answer from the words listed in
the box and write it on the blank provided.

Anthropology Earth Science Seismology Humanities Chemistry

Astronomy Social Science Biological Science Physics Natural Science

1. The ______________________________ can be described as the study of how people process and document the
human experience.

2. The ______________________________ is a branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances
of which matter is composed.

3. ______________________________ includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth.

4. ______________________________ deals with the study of the living organisms. The science under this category
focuses on the study of internal body functions and structures of body cells and tissues.

5. The ______________________________ is the scientific study of human society and social relationships.

6. ______________________________ is the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter
and energy.

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7. The ______________________________ is the study of everything in the universe beyond Earth’s atmosphere.

8. A ______________________________ is the branch of knowledge which deals with the study of the physical world.

9. The term ______________________________ thus embrace all those subjects which deal with the relationship of
man to the society.

10. A ______________________________ deals with the description, prediction and understanding of natural
phenomena, basically based on observational and empirical evidence.

ACTIVITY 3 (2 points each)

Complete the crossword puzzle by filling in the word that fits in each clue.

ACROSS DOWN
2. The school of psychology that studies 1. Proponent of Structuralism
mental processes including how people 3. Description
think, perceive, remember and learn. 4. Study of language
7. Geo 5. Rejects human agency in historical affairs
6. Study of population
8. Greek word meaning city
9. Proponent of Psychoanalytic
12. Study of behavior and mental processes. 10. Study of
15. “Father of History” 11. Study of past
13. Study of man
14. Study of group of people

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ACTIVITY 4 (2 points each)

Identify the appropriate discipline applicable in the given situation. Explain your answer.

Situation Appropriate Social Explanation

Sciences Discipline
1. Creating a research
out of the most
commonly used
language in
Region 6 (Iloilo)

2. An analysis of the
consumption
patterns among
housewives in a
middle-income
community.

3. A description of the
different cultural
practices in Region 6
(Iloilo)

4. An analysis of the
voting behavior
among young adults.

5. An analysis on the
causes of early
marriage and
teenage
pregnancies.

6. A policy
recommendation on
how to raise the
incidence of birth in
countries that have
an aging population.

7. A study on what
causes severe
depression which
leads to suicide.

8. An injury on how
colonial occupation
has changed the
values of the native
population.

9. An investigation of
areas or locations
where the incidence
of earthquakes is
most likely to occur.

10. An inquiry on the

causes of juvenile
delinquency among
adolescents

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PERFORMANCE TASK (15 points)
Write an essay in no more than 20 sentences differentiating the nature and functions of Social Science disciplines and
explain its importance in the fields of Natural Sciences and Humanities. Use the template given for your answer.

RUBRIC FOR SCORING

5 4 3 2
Criteria Excellent Very Good Average Needs
Improvement
Ideas This paper is clear and This paper is The writer is beginning Topic is not well-
focused. It holds the mostly focused, to define the topic, defined and/or there
reader's attention. Relevant and has some good even though are too many topics.
details and quotes enrich details and quotes. development is still
the central theme basic or general.

Organization The organization enhances Paper (and The organizational Sentences within
and showcases the central paragraphs) are structure is strong paragraphs make
idea or theme. The order, mostly organized, enough to move the sense, but the order
structure of information is in order, and reader through the of paragraphs does
compelling and moves the makes sense to the text without too much
not.
reader through the text reader. confusion.
.
Sentence The writing has an easy The writing mostly The text hums along The text hums along
Fluency flow, rhythm, and cadence. flows, and usually with a steady beat, with a steady beat,
Sentences are well built, invites oral but tends to be more but tends to be
with strong and varied reading. businesslike than
more businesslike
structure that invites musical, more
than musical, more
expressive oral reading. mechanical than fluid.
mechanical than
fluid.

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