INTRODUCTION

ZNO - the Ukrainian External lndependent Evaluation - is an exam which high school leavers take in order to go to
university. This resource helps you both enrich your language in the USE OF ENGLISH part and familiarise yourself with
the exam format in the ZNO PRACTICE part.

The English-language ZNO exam consists of four parts:

- Listening <<Po:yluiuxR MoBt/ Ha cnyx), - Tasks 1-3 (15 questions)
- Reading <<9ilraHHq> - Tasks 4-7 (22 questions)
- Use of English <BuropncraHHr MoBt/> - Tasks 8-9 (20 questions)
- Writing <<l'lucbMo>> - Task 10

The duration of the test is 2h 30 min, so while practising for the test remember to time yourself and make sure you
manage your time effectively.

Good luck!
Pearson and Dinternal Education teams

CONTENTS
Pages
Per€ ?: USE ffiF EfdGLAS&'E

2-5 Multiple Choice

6-7 Word Formation
8-9 Gap Fill
10-11 Sentence Tra nsformation
12-13 Open Cloze
14-15 Sentence Formation
16 MiniTest 1

17 Mini Test 2

Pert 2: U f** FHAe?a{E

18-22 Listening
23-28 Reading
29-g1 Use of English
32 Writing

*,.
 USE OF ENGL!SH: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences. Circle the letter a, b, c or d.

TASK 1 TASK 4

3 When Karen became the manager, she began to t One day you'll have to the consequences of your
people as if they were inferior, behaviour lowards her and nobody will support you.
a look down on h go off c fall out with d see to a look up for e keep up with
!* stand up for d face up to
3 We were very much surprised when Maria told us that her
on her father's side originally came from China. * Lydla has proved herself to be excellent at teaching
a ancestors E SUCCESSOTS children with needs
b descendants d associates e unusual h individual e unique d special
3 lt's reported that many refugees leave their country 3 Apparently, Holland is notorious for bicycle it's
to avoid one of the most common crimes in this country.
a immigration e relegation a theft b hijacking c robbery d fraud
b persecution d breakout
4 wish | _ my uncle's offer of helping him run his bar
4 When I saw your present, I realised l'd love _ a similar on the beach in Fiorida. I might be enjoying myself now.
one for my last birthday. * accept-^d c had accepted
e recervrng f;to receive b have accepted d would have accepted
b having received d to have received
TASK 5
TASK 2
'? When I returned to work after maternity leave, I was sent
3 lfeel cold and feverish so to be honest l'd rather in on a course because I had difliculty _ up with the
bed for a day or two than go to work. latest changes in the regulations,
a to stay h stay e to be staying d be staying a making b living e keeping d putting
2 When we were buying the house, we were surprised that Z I guess no one mentioned the side effects of the drug
the previous owner didn't want any of the electrical to you, _?
like the washing machine, the tumble-drier or the freezer. a did they tu had they e didn't they d don't they
e utilities h ornaments c utensils d appliances
3 To save energy, appliances shouldn't be left _ - they
3 Look at Mark and Julia. They're chatting to each other ought to be switched off
.....---'*they were good friends. ln actual fact, they met just e logged on e on standby
now. b at work d out of order
as b as though e in spite of d however
& so
4 Ali the employees were suddenly _ after the industry
4 Bullies usually younger and weaker ones as it is colla psed.
easier to criticise or treat them unfairly. a dropped b flred e rejected d retired
a call in h back up e stand by S pick on
TASK 6
TASK 3
t lt's nearly the end of April and I still haven't got
Gavin felt truly _ when his girlfriend Sonia decided to filling in my tax form
to split up with him and moved out immedialely. He cried a through h round c over don
lor weeks and nobody was able to console him.
They saythat life really begins once you _40 because
a devastated b relieved e tense d offended
of the major problems you begin to experience then.
Incredibly slow service _a lot of people eating in that a make h pass f turn d have
restaurant, but the food is worth waiting for.
I made a new cake for the county fair. Not having followed
a gets into b pulls out e puts off d sends off
the recipe preciseiy, I expected it to be dry, but it was very
Do you think Sheila her assignment before her tasty. , it won first prize in the baking competition.
tutor comes back from sick leave? a Still h Nevertheless { l\,4oreover d However
* will have been submitting e is submitting
b will have submitted
I felt simply exhausted last night and went to bed at 8.
d will be submitting
i guess r's because i _ solidly for 8 hours the night
We decided to have the roof insulated lt would before.
mean stretching ourselves financially quite a lot, a had been studying e have been studying
a as if b as long as c whereas d although b was used to studying d would be studying
 USE 0F ENGLISH: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences. Circle the letter a, b, c or d.

TASK 7 TASK 10 . ...,.,

'! However careful I lry to be, I am always taken _ by my t For some reason my grandfather's garden has always
students'tricks on April Fool's Day. attracted a number of birds that build nests and
a around b !n e on d over their eggs in them.
e put b lay e place d plant
2 The other day I forgot to take the meat out of the freezer
to _ it so we had to be vegelarians for a day. 3 I wouldn't go for this particular _ of car if I were you.
e melt h chill e refrigerate d defrost We might have rather bumpy rides on our roads.

3 Mark seems to be in love with his wife, but he is thought

a make b mark e labe d brand
her for money. 3 | can't stand John always boasting about his achievements.

* to be marrylng e to have married Will he ever stop and telling people he's the best at
fu to have been married d to have been marrying everyth ng?
i

a putting forward * showing off

&_ his latest project brought him quite a handsome
[: pulling over d speaking up
income, Jack still couldn't afford a holiday abroad. l
a Despite h Even though e However d Yet *B No sooner home than he got an urgent call from
the hospital about one of his patients.
TASK 8 * does he come c had.he come
b has he come d would be come
3 In the current economic situation, banks are unlikely
lo increase their interest __ soon. TASK 11
a fees h charges e rates d prices
3 When the actor stood in front of us, we could clearly see
? Parents need to remember lo praise their children for that he was suffering from stage
their accomplishments nol only to _ them ofl when
a fear h threat a fright d panic
they have done something wrong.
e teli b see { put d cut ? I have no idea how to lhe subject of the politeness
and punctuality of the manager himsell l'm in a very
3 lt's quite rare to come across elderly people with no uncomfortable situation.
ieeth. I guess it's because of poor dental hygiene
*bring up b pick up e squeeze in d come to
when they were younger.
e forged b faulty e fake d false 3 A very long and dry summer has caused a severe drought
in many parts of Africa. is expected to follow,
4 Since you are aware of me being allergic to cats and leaving thousands of people without food.
rabbits, you _ have bought this lovely Persian,
a Sleet h Extinction { Poverty d Famine
e can't b oughtn't to e might not d needn't
4 You'd better book the seals in advance this offer
ends qulckly.
TASK 9
e unless h in case' e on condition that d while
I lt's feared that after severe flooding there might be an
of cholera because water supplies have been TASK 12
contaminated.
m eruption b lnvention e outbreak d approach I You should expect to be in pain after the effects of the
? The family agreed to pay the ransom lo the kidnappers,
drug _.
* spread out b slow down e pull out d wear ofl
infuriated the police
a which h that e what d whose Do you fancy coming to our rehearsal tonight? lt's
actually as exciting as the first night.
3 To begin with, the offer sounded excellent, However, a costume b dress € attire d outlit
we _ after we discovered some financial pitfalls
connected with it. Playing basketball has become a popuiar activity in our
a turned it down e hit it off town so it's a good idea to book a well in advance.
3* gave it away d used it up a court b pitch s track d ground
4 | wasn't aware how cy the road was unlil the car You wouldn't be asking me so many questions _ you
and I nearly hit a tree. had taken lhe trouble to read the reports I gave you.
a tripped tu skidded r limoed ei strolled a if b even if e as if d supposing
 USE OF ENGLISH: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences. Circle the letter a, b or c.

TASK 13 TASK 14

'! | can't stand my flatmate. She ...--* her clothes all over the 'i By the time I retire at the age of 65, | _ over 40 years.
floo r.
a will has taught for
a always leaves b will have been teaching for
b is always leaving e will teach for
e always leave
3 But _, James would never have become a celebrity
3 Never _
such an interesting biography. I knew it would chef.
be made lnto a brilliant fi m. a for his parents support
a have I read before fu for his parents's supporl
b before I had read s for his parents'support
c before had I read
3 l'm worried not about this arm but ---''-.* because l've
3 The authorities have asked everyone in the town not to leave already broker 'L rwice.
their houses _ to find and catch lhe animal on the run. * the other one
e until the police have managed 6a another one
b unril the ool ce are managing s other one
e untii the police will have managed
4 lsn'l._- a new car? The old one uses far too much petrol
4 Delia Young, _ from my school, received a special e it high time you should buy
award for her outstanding achievements, b it high time you bought
* a 1B-year-old student c it high time you buy
3: an 18-year-old student
e an 1B year-olds student
5 .lack _ an online shop to sell our hand-made jewellery.
a suggested to setting up
5 I regret _ here earlier - it's such a gorgeous place. h suggested to set up
a that I didn't came c suggested selting up
fu having not come
c not having come S Why don't you ring Tom _ about our meeting?
a in case he has forget
6 How long did your brother take _ with his in-laws? b in case he has forgotten
a to be used to living e in case he have forgotten
b lo get used to living
e gerti^g used [o living 7 Could you have a look at my account? _ be a problem
with the Iast transfer.
7 | met Rob in May. _ the new layout of our office together. * There is
c We have prepared. h There seems to
b We have been preparing. e There seem to
c We had been preparing.
B Mr Smith him the whole story.
I My twins are quite easy to look afler. However, _ being a insisted on us telling
dressed in the same way. h insisted on telling us
a either of them like e insisled on us ro rell
b neither of lhem is liking
e neither of them iikes
3 Nowadays I am much fitter than I used to be in my 20s,

S *_young kids than teenagers? aamnotL

a Wouldn'r you rather teacn b isn't l

b Wouldn't you teach rather c aren't I

e Wouldn't you rather teaching

'Efi lt's a pitythat_ read books nowadays.
1& l'm quite sure lhat 10 minutes _ time to finish this a less and less
report. b fewer and fewer
m is definitely too little c more and more
h are definitely too little
e is definitely too few
 USE OF ENGLISH: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences. Circle the letter a, b or c.

TASK 15 TASK 16

i Your name rings a bell so _. before. ? You before we lefl. l'm sure you'll be hungry very
* we should have met 500n.
b we musl have nel a should eat sorething
e we must meet h had eaten something
e should have eaten something
2 My neighbour _ to pay the mortgage and buy some
basic food. 3 We were unbelievably exhausted. _ was a long
* hardly has enough money holiday.
h has hardly enough money a All what we need
e hardly have enough money h What we all needed
e What we all need
3 My elderly grandmother requires some help so 1

a visit her every another Saturday 3 | suppose we'll have an early night _ too tired
h visits her every Saturday tomorrow.
e visit her every other Saturday a so that we are
b so that we isn't
4 You _* about me. I rang you before I left.
s so that we aren't
a need not have worried
fu didn't need to worry 4 i know he owns a Ferrari but he _ as poor as
e need have worried a church mouse.
a Looks as if he were
5 | reminded Charles to settLe the bill but he said the
b look as if he were
previous week.
e looks as if he be
a he had already paid it
b he aiready paid it 5 _ plant as many trees as they wanted.
e he has already paid it * They were not allowed to
b They are not allowed to
6 _ all the documents so far?
e They didn't allow to
e Who sent you
h Who sending you 6 --, Kate had to stay at work longer that night.
c Who has sent you e Despite of her illness
b In spite her illness
7 He surely didn't spend the night at home because _ e Despite her illness
Lhe train in the evening.
a he saw getting on ? Just ring this number trouble getting somebody
h he was seen getting on to lix the dishwasher.
e he was seen to get on e there won't be no
b there will be no
S My daughter is excellent at keeping her room tidy, _ is
€ there are no
always in a terrible mess.
* whereas the room of my sons's & Mark _ his neighbours' house while they were away.
b whereas my sons room a admitted to break into
e whereas my sons' room E: admitted to be broken into
c admitted to having broken into
I I have no idea You lost me a long time agol
a what are you talking about I We were asked to stay _ while lhey were away.
fu what you are lalking about e al my husband's parents' house
e what do you talk about b at my parents' husband's house
fl at my husbands parents house
€* I _ English classes with a native speaker when
I started learning it years ago. 3* _ here next week to start the campaign for his
a would have rather had second term in office.
b would have had rather a lhe presidenLs was coming
* would rather have had b The president will be come
e The president is to come

:#4.;.
 USE OF f NGLISH: Word Formation
Read the sentences. Fill each gap with the word in bold. Change the form of the word where necessary.

TASK 1 TASK 5

€ When Poland joined the EU, there was an absolule E The police weren't sure about the exact
in the number of peopie signing up for at the march bul their estimale showed at leasl 20.000
extra English classes. EXPLODE people had turned up. ATTEND
3 An intriguing house, vislted by tens of E Eating five portions of fruit and vegetab es a day has been
thousands tourists every year, is definlte y the highlight of oroved to have a effect on our health
the tour. TRIANGLE BEN EFIT

Consuming large quantities of caffeine may ___** Doctors told my dad lhal it was _ lo plan
your health because it increases biood pressure. DANGER a skiing holiday two weeks after a serlous fali. REASON
Wlth poor access to hospitals, many chiLdren in the Unfortunately, the way the sale was advertised was
developing world rarely reach _*_*_. ADULT so many customers felt cheated. LEAD

TASK 2 TASK 5

€ I read on the net that visa must fill in t There is no doubl that my is very different
a form and pay $1 00 before they can see an official at the to what my parents' childhood looked like. That's probabiy
embassy. APPLY the reason why we quarrel so often. BRING
? Chris sounded very on the phone, as if he ? Many teenagers complain that instead of positive
had done somethlng wrong. APOLOGY encouragement lhey mainly get _*"_"_ criticism of
3 Accusing that little boy of breaking into a house was pure
their behaviour, which usually leads nowhere SENSE

*. He is far too young to even think of it JUST * My editor advised me to a few sections of
my novel in order to make lhe ending less depressing,
4 | often my sludents from taking a large
WRITE
number of A-leveis because I believe they should focus on
two or three subjects. COURAGE 4 Popular tourist destinations attract a large number
of-*_-__-_ who hope to get more money from
TASK 3 ho idaymakers. BEG

'E When all myfriendswenlawayon ho iday, I thoughtatfirst TASK 7

that l'd die of __. BORE
During the festival, which was attended by thousands
2 There has been a improvemenl in Var o's
of people, refuse __* worked day and night
behaviour during classes recently, probably because of
to keep the city clean. COLLECT
the real threat of being expelled. NOTICE
The architect suggested alterations which would make the
3 lt's now clear that someone lhe
conference rooms to people in wheelchairs,
communication system on purpose about an hour after
ACCESS
take off and we lost contact with the control tower. ABLE
I am pretty sure that women over 90 .---,_ men
3 I completely forgot about the polatoes and left them on
as they tend to live onger. NUMBER
the stove for an hour. In the end they were incredibly
and inedible. COOK

TASK 4 4DUetoatechnical--ourflightwasde|ayedby
3 hours, which meant we missed our train home, FAIL
3 How can you believe that meeting Louise in Glasgow was
a pure ? l'm sure she knew about our plans TASK 8
and followed us. COINCIDE
Some people are heavily on help from the
E We called an ambulance because John lost
when he fell and banged his head on the table CONSCIoUS
state. They wouldn't be able to survive without it. DEPEND
You would have thought that at the age of 24 he would
Z l'm not surprised your bag went missing it was
of you to leave it unatlended. FOOL
know what he was doing, but he still seems quite
for his age MATURE About 2 countries look part in the last
'1

,4 lt took snooker competition. NATION

us months to choose the right music to
the fashion show COMPANY 4 Having raised three children, I can tell you that you should
never how resourceful little kids can be
ESTIMATE
 U5fr ffiF ENGLISH: Word Formation
Read the sentences. Fill each gap with the word in bold. Change the form of the word where necessary.

TASK 9 TASK 13

T After lhe power cut, we couidn't get our TV set to work, 3 lt is obvious that the local council and the citizens have
so we call-od an Lo see what had Aappened to work in __ if they want to improve life in
ELECTRIC their area. PARTNER
The more I learn about nature, the no'e 2 I thought I could gel a lol of money for the painting but it
lfind it. MIRACLE turned oul to be completely WORTH
It's better to ask for assislance if you don't know how 3 I don't think she liked my suggestion to
to lhe system because il's nol a matter of the plot of her latest crime story. Well, she shou{dn't have
pressing the "on" button. ACTIVE asked for my opinion if she can't lake criticism SIMPLE
4 Don't you think that leaving young children ln a car on t+ The major problem with inexperienced workers is their
a hot day is rather and that such parents to fulLy understand the strict safety
should be somehow ounished? RESPONSIBLE procedures we have in our factory. ABLE

TASK 1O TASK 14

t We were overwhelmed by my parents' 3 In the past our iocal factories used to have hundreds of
when they lent us a substantial amount of money to buy full-llme . Now most of them can't find any
a fIat. GENEROUS 1ob. EMPLOY
Don't you agree thal entering a war zone was 3 There is nothing more from my point of
a -___-_____ dec sion? We could have died. RISK vrew, than finding a spider in the bathroom. TERROR

It's a real sklll to a dress or a skirt and Having been stranded on a desert island for six days
lo do lt well. Making it shorter is much easier. LONG without food or much water, we brealhed a sigh of
when we saw a rescue ship approaching us
It's __ to drive and text at the same time RELI EVE
because it poses a serious lhreat to other road users.
LEGAL 4 There must have been some at the meeting
because Claire left it very abruptly wlthout even saying
TASK 11 goodbye UNDERSTAND

€ I am afraid we can't proceed with your order without the TASK.I5

of the manager, who is currently on holiday.
APPROVE E How come the world's leading weren't able
to predict such a serious financial crisis? D dn't they spend
3 Many animals tend lo be __ early in the morning or
monlhs discussing it? ECONOMY
late in the evening because they hide or sleep during the
heat ofthe day. ACT It's common for most twins to be vlrtually
as they feel a strong bond with each other. SEPARATE
3 lf they had taken the trouble to th i ngs
belween them, they might still be logether CLEAR After that terrible car crash the whole lown _,_-*-*_
,€ We were looking with the families who lost their children SYMPATHY
forward lo read ng her
but unfortunately she dled lust before finishing il off 4 __
Taking eariy may save you from becoming
BIOGRAPHY unemployed if the company you work for is likely to go
bUSt. RETIRE
TASK 12
TASK 16
'E Martin Luther Kins ls known to have stood up against
segregalion and in lhe USA. RACE t The man who rescued a woman from drowning was
Z lt was only thanks to Holly's negotrations
awarded a medal for _***__ by the mayor. BRAVE

that we paid so little lor thal Persian carpet. SKILL Z There are a few rules at a youth hostel like
respecting other people's privacy. WRITE
3 We rushed to gel home before lhe slorm which we could
see coming the sky began to -, and we could 3 With easy access to all my contacts stored in my mobile
hear some thunder in the distance DARK phone, I don't ever try to phone numbers
MEMORY
4 Lucy looked at Michael in total when he
admitted he had no intenlions of marrying her, BELIEVE 4 The numbrer of programmes in which can
vote for the best performer has grown substantiaily. VIEW

iY3
 USE OF EhIGLISH: Gap Fill
Read the text. Complete each gap by transforming one of the words from the table to create a coherent and logical
text. NOTE: there are two extra words which do not match any gap.

TASK 1 TASK 4

able d st'arr get 'ranage I strong I ta<e

WATERPROOF CLOTHING A GOOD BOSS
There's nothing worse than feeling bitterly cold and wet, Since leaving school, I 3 on a number of
especiaLly when you are sailing because the chances of short-term .1obs, and I know how importanl it ls to have the
?__ a warm and dry place quickly are usualy pretty right sort of person directing your work. Whal I learnt is thal
lhin. However, lhere is good news. There have been new a good boss must definiteLy be knowledgeable and bring
developments in the materials used to make waterproof energy to the job At the same time the person in charge must
clothes which 3_ will put an end to the misery of beab]etodec]deonimportantissueswithoutp.-
those who work outdoors in wet conditions. by other things. What's more, a responsible leader must be
The new fabrlc, which is made from polyester fibres good at creating an environment ln whlch others can shine.
wlth some sllicone elements, makes lhe clothes more Employees need to be provided with feedback about what
waler-repellent. lt helps you to keep warm and dry and can their 3-- and weaknesses are and how to work
3*_- comforlably for several days as rt is very durable. on them so that they deve op their full polential. I also think
Unlike previous designs, clothes made from this type of that what really matlers is the 4__ _-*to bring people
material do nol leave you feeling hot and sticky even after together and focus them on a common goa. 1t's definitely
a massive amount of aclion. The fabrics used allow the a real challenge lo lead well but when it's done properly it can
clothes lo breathe whlch means that excess ,4 can be very rewarding for both employees and employers.
escape while you stay warm and dry.
TASK 5
TASK 2

FAMILY HISTORY
STUDENT LIFE Tracing your ancestors can be a very interesting hobby But
As soon as my brother t by the university if you don't go about it in a methodicalway, it can also become
in a lown 200 km away from home, he had to decide whether a very frustrating one because people get events mixed up or
to request university accommodation or share a f at with lose important documenls. To begin with, write down all the
friends, He talked to other people who had stud ed away names, dales of births and 3 _*-*--- of all the family
from home and they all recommended ? a flat members you or your re atives can remember. After you
because of the greater freedom he would have. After moving, havecolectedallthedata,itmightbeworth?_--
he embarked on a new life in whlch he suddenly became fully inquiries in lhe parishes where your ancestors lived. Th-.
responsib e for ^:rself. documents kept there might give you a 3-
The 3 ls that at first I didn't believe he picture of your family. And you may find somethi ng surprising.
wou d manage on his own forvery long. lthought he wouLd When I began exploring my family's past, i found out that one
be coming home every weekend with loads of washing and of my relatives was a notorious pirate. I still remember feeling
the f at would end up really filthy. How surprised I was when asifl4 when read about il because, as far
wenl to visit him and rea lsed that gaining 4*__ as i knew, everybody in my family had worked in lhe police
from our parents was doing him good. lt made him a mature forces or rn court for generations. Obvlously, not everybodyl
person able to cope wilh everyday chores perfect y well.
TASK 6
TASK 3
do have like ta(e Lasre I weak
NATIONAL VEGETARIAN WEEK
DICTIONARIES When lwas challenged by myfriend to become a vegetarian
Diclionaries - whether on paper or online - are one of the during Natlonal Vegetarian Week, I 't, --- aback by
most important tools for learning vocabulary. the fact that such an event existed al all, as I had never heard
"A Diclionary of the Engiish Language", published in about it before. At first, lthought that my friend had made
1755, is slill regarded as an incredibly authoritative and a mrstake because lwas a devout meat eater, who wasn't used
X__*"*__ reference book. Surprising y, this dictionary much else on a plate apart from pork or beef
was the work of one man, Samuel lohnson. Defining the ln fact, I couldn't imagine life without a daily portion of meat
meanings of some 40.000 words E him busy I was also afraid that I would be eating 3 veggres
for aboul seven yearsl all the time. When the time came, I received templing daily
Nowadays, mosl dictionarjes are put together by teams recipes and some tips on how to get the mosl from a brilliant
of lexicographers who work from a large 3_*---- of meat free lifestyle. My diel lncluded a wide variety of fruit,
written and spoken examples, which is known as a corpus. vegetables, nuts, seeds and whole grain and dairy products
The aulhors also have to refer to articles and books about quite 4 what I had been used to before. lt was
language and they need to ask experts in particuLar subjects a great experience and now l'm enloying fruit and vegetables
about more specia ised words and expressLons. more.
Although conlemporary work is done more quickLy than
in the past, il is slill a 4*_**_- process which requires
a great deal of time and effort.

,*, .
 USE OF ENGLISH: Gap Fill
Read the text. Complete each gap by transforming one of the words from the table to create a coherent and logical
text. NOTE: there are two extra words which do not match any gap.

TASK 7 TASK 1O

HAGGLING THE LONDON UNDERGROUND MAP

Markels t:"_*"*- in ancient times wherever peop e The London Underground map s a real lcon of the city.
needed to sell the goods they produced. For many centllries The ayout of the map ls very origlnal because it provides
th e ma in way of trad ing was by ba rter, wh ich mea nl excha nging a clear 3__*"_^_- *-_,_ of a very complex network. The man
goods. Nowadays such practices are rather Z*-.-: behind the design was Henry Beck, an employee of the
since people prefer to pay for their purchases vvilh money. London Underground Drawing Office, who ftrst came up with
ln many corners of the world people are still expected his design for the map in'l 931 and whose original scheme
to haggle before completing a purchase. The customer and Z*-"*_*,****__-* several t rnes so far to incorporale changes
the seller will agree on a pnce, but only after what can often to lhe nelwork.
be a heated debate. I can remember 3 awhoe Up until 93'l , the underground map for London had been
'1

day negotiatingthe prce for a srngle carpet in stanbul, but lt rather n-r,ossy and confusing. And although it was prarsed for
was worth it: the original price had been over f600, and got its geographicE.-__.**__.-__*, !t was not easy to undersland.
it for a mere f 2001 The new map was an enormous success wllh the public when
Obviously, you should be aware that market iraditlons il 4 -_*"" . .._.__*"_ its first appearance on the underground
vary rn different countries, and rn some pLaces haggLlng is patforms in T933 The map may nol seem very simpLe and
an important part of lhe process of buying an item, while in easy to understand stralght away, but once you've got to grlps
others it would be 4_-__*"_*.__*- not to even atten.rpl il. with it, you willsee that it's lncredibly handy

TASK 8 TAsK.I1
crdail
PERFORMING NOW AND THEN DREAMS
As a child I remember'i_*--*-,:-_to try out my performing Dreams seem X a sou[ce of fascrnalron
skil s,flrst for the benefll of my parents and grandparents, and inspiration for people for thousands of years. However,
ater for a larger audience. When I gol to Year 5 or 5 of primary as their appearance is quite rnysterlous, many often ask
school, we were ta ken to see d ifferenl fo rms of enterta in ment themse ves what a dream is or why we dream at aLl. Recently
such as lheatre, opera, ballet and even circus. We looked a team of scientlsts studying the subject -a" *_.*""_-*-__*.-_-* up
forward lo these outings with great excitement. 7- * __***_,_ with some Interesting conclusions. For a slart, although most
the performances, we would dlscuss what we liked and of people can't remember thelr drearns, everybody without
-.3"*.
disliked aboutthem for hours on enC. Those kinds of actlvittes - ___ -_ '- dreams, The sclentists also clalm that dreams
helped us develop our imagrnation and
--3*__ which can have a practrcal value in reprocessing the events of
__-__-,
then allowed some to become actors or performers, lhe prevlous day, as lhey oflen inc ude a series of images,
But nowa days we live ln the age of television a nd com puters 4*,***"*"* . _-,-- and emotions which have been experienced
- they produce an endless stream of enlerlainment which ls drring that day. However, some dreams are rather vague and
always available. The ever present TV sel or complter also It is hard lo make sense of them, So it's a good idea to keep
mean that 4_**_^*_ rarely see artists perform ng live, so a pen and paper by your bed so that you can write lhem down
the pleasure of witnessing somethrng very special is gone, when lhey occur.

TASK 9 TASK 12

THE BOSTON MARATHON CHRISTIAN THE LION

Running is a popular activlly and hundreds of new ln the summer of 1969 two young Australlans, John
enthusrasts can 3**_^*_ jogging along the streets of Rendall and Anthony 'Ace" Bourke, bought a lton cub from
towns all over the world every day. More and more peop e the Harrods departmenl store n London. They called him
of differ-.nt shapes, sizes and 7-"--- "_---".-_ are a so laking Christian. ln those days buying large wild animals from a shop
to running marathons. As a resull, each year the number of or 3-**_._,_.*,-__* _ wild pets for walks wasn't regarded as an
runners completing the cha lenge of running the lull 42 km of exlravagance They kept him in a flal in London, then in a house
the course s growing. in lhe countryside, untilthey asked the Kenyan authorities for
The Boston l\4arathon ls the oldest and most prestigious Z_-"_--**- _ ,lo take it lo Kenya. After several months of
race rn the United States, so even for veteran runners, the bureaucratic batlle and having persuaded George Adamson,
run is a lilelong goal, Those -4-*"_ """-"-"_..-*_ to take parl n il an expert on lions, to lryto introduce Christian into the wild,
must qualify with a tlme based on thelr age and gender in they flew the cub lo his new home in Africa. ll it hadn't been
another marathon run in the previous 18 months. Afier the for their persistence, Christian 3*"**_*-,_ up in a zoo or
20'l 3 bombing of the Boston \larathon, in which 264 people a circus livlng a very miserable life. ln 2008 a young American
were injured and some killed, all the next runs wr I probably student rediscovered the footage of lhe 1971 reunion
be 4__-_ meaningfuL and emotiona ones for both between Christian and his former s+ The clip
'unners ard specrarors. inslanty became an nternet hit and it's been v ewed over'l 0
million times.
 USE OF HNGI-lSH: Sentence Transformation
Using the word given. complete the second sentence in each question so that it has a sirnilar meaning to the first sentence.
Do not change the word given. Use up to six words, including the word given.

TASK 1 TASK 4

'? Over the next year the city council will build a few new ? "Why don't we organise the reception in the garden?"
houses. BUILT suggested Joan WE
This time next year the city council Joan suggested the reception in
a few new houses. the garden.
Doctors believe that the patient was infecled with the E You should learn how to operate the dishwasher. HIGH
d sease through blood transfusions. HAVE Ir how to operate the dishwasher
The patient is ___-__ with the d isease
rhro-gh blood r' ansfusions. 3 The jewellery was so gorgeous that he decided to buy it for
his bride-to be. THAT
3 Don't shout at the dog; it.lust wants to play wlth you. ALL It was he decided to buy it for his
Don't shout at the dog; is play with bride to be.
you
4 | only found this article by chance while I was looking
4 Our friends say that our son is a younger version of his through the paper ACROSS
grandfather they ook so alike!AFTER Lony___ accident while I was looklng
O-' 'rierds say thaL gra ndfather through the paper.
they look so alikel
TASK 5
TASK 2
3 Our parents a ways took us for a walk alongthe pier during
"1 You will get a certificate but you have to complete the our summer ho idays. WOULD
course first. UNTIL Our parents for a walk along the
You won't get a cerlificate the pier during our summer holidays.
CO TSE,
U
3 The police say that lhe robbers probably stole the painting
It wasn't necessary for you to wail for me. I know how by mistake as they lhought it was very valuable. MAY
to get to your place. NEED According to the police, the painting
You _ me. I know how lo get to your rristake, in rhe belie'tlat it was
place. *ry,rrhrrd;
After a long and heated discussion, the staff managed 3 As you get older, your eyesight deteriorates. WORSE
lo persuade the council not to shut down the youth centre, The your eyesight becomes
SUCCEEDED
Mary, can you come and smellthese prawns? I don't think
After a long and heated discussion, the staff
they're edible any more. GONE
not to shut down the youth
ce nt[e. Mary, can you come and smell these prawns? I think

4 I was incredibly angry when my ex-boyfriend appeared at

the party uninvited. UP
TASK 5
i was incredibiy angry when my ex-boyfriend
u n invited
5 You'd better ask your lawyer to prepare the contract for
you. HAVE
TASK3.....,' I ihink you should the contract for
you
1 "l believe I am a charming person", Mafthew said
? Graham failed because he didn't study long enough
CONSIDERS
PASSED
Matthew person
Graham he had siudied more.
? As usual, IVlary's father told her to lay the table for dinner
3 N4y friend wrote this song. lt's so moving that it always
MADE
makes me cry. AUTHOR
As usual, Mary's father for dinner.
The song, is so moving that it
Unfortunately, we sold fewer craft supplies than we always makes me cry.
expected last weekend. AS
Unfortunately, we didn't sell € David and Betty had the same interests and hobbies so it
expected lasr weekend. was natural that they became good friends immediately.
HIT
It was quite an upsetting rnoment when they used Davld and Belty had the same interests and hobbies so it
explosives to demolish the old bridge. UP was natural that lhey __ immediately.
It was quite an upsetting moment when the old bridge
 U5[ OF f NGLISH: Sentence Transformation
Using the word given, complete the second sentence in each question so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
Do not change the word given. Use up to six words, including the word given.

TASK 7 TASK 1O

t "l didn't take your laptop", he said to me. DENIED t lshouldn'l have given up parachuting when lwas in my
thirties. WISH
2 We had no idea it was a fancy dress party, so we wore our
l_____ up parachutlng when I was in my
lh irties.
regular clothes LITTLE
it was a fancy-dress party, so we 3 I don'tthinkweshould askAngieto runthe charityauction
wore ouI regular clothes. - she will only make a mess of it. POINT
3 Allthe other designs he's produced were far more complex
There _** _ Angie to run the charity
auction - she will only make a mess of it.
than this one. THE
This design "* of all of those he's 3 lt's really important that you speak to the principal
ever produced. immediately. WHAT
As we were driving in thick fog, il was impossible to see **_speak to the principal immediately.
exactly where we were. MAKE 4 l'm afraid the old tree may collapse so lthink we should
As we were driving in thick fog, we were ask somebody to rernove it soon. CUT
exactly where we were l'm afraid the old tree may collapse so lthink it
soon
TASK 8
TASK 11
1 You should have made sure Chris fitted locks o. all ttre
doors before he left. GOT "X My stepbrother has a very irritating habit of playing loud
You should locks on all the doors music in the evening, ALWAYS
before he left. My stepbrolher in the evening.
Z Andy won't help us anyway so why should I talk to him ? Please, don't ask me any questions about my inherltance
about our problem? USE RATHER
lo Andy about our problem. He I me any questions about my
won't help us anyway. inh erita nce.
3 We needed to leave early because we didn't want to miss My head feels like it's made of lead. THOUGH
lhe beginning of the performance, AS My head made of lead
We ieft early the beginning of the
lf you don't know how to sort lhings out on the computer,
performa nce.
you can always ask Tom for help. TURN
4 Unfortunately, they had to cancel the match because it lf you don't know how to sort things out on the computer,
was raining. OFF you for help
Unfortunately, the match had to
the rain, TASK.I2

TASK 9 tr l'm not sure if I unplugged the iron. REMEMBER

I the iron.
"E lt was my first visit to the USA and i know l'il be going there
again soon. TIME
* Leaving the company was a terrible mlstake of mine
I regret it every day. ONLY
It was the first __ to the USA and
the company. lt was a terrlble
I know 1'l be going there again soon.
mistake.
7 lt's possible that Mark won't get to lhe hotel in time for
B There isn't a single person among the delegates who
lunch, so he should take a snack with him CASE
wants to stay in that hotel overlooking the dump. NONE
Mark should take a snack with hirn iust._
to the hotel in time for lunch stay in that hotel overlooking the
dump
3 The weather was terrible, but they went skyd ving. SPITE
4 Once the decorating is finished, you'li be very welcome
They the terrib e weather.
to stay with us any tinre you wanl or need. PUT
4 I couldn't wait to see my best friend after his long sailing Once the decorating is finished, we'll be happy to
expedition LOOKING any time you want or need
my besl friend after his long
sailing expedition

wi
 USE CIF ENGLISH: Open Cloze
Read the text. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word.

TASK'I TASK 4

THE WRONG CLOTHES TWINS

My friend's wedding reception was definitely a memorable It was great fun having an identical twin sister at school.
event for me. Expecting a avish party, I bought a fabulous We used to dress in the same way, which ?.___*_ ___
evening dress wlth a pair of shoes to "€ I was our teachers feel cross because they would mix us up and we
terribly determrned to make a good impression and lfelt it rarely bothered lo correct them. On the other
was importanl to be dressed properly for such al occasion. Z___*_. we wer-e never thal harmonious at home. As
very independent girls, we used to argue at least once a day
On the big day, I turned up at the holel where the reception
and we even had fights with 3 other
was 3___-_ held. I knew I Looked gorgeous. However,
the moment I stepped lnto the receptron room, couldn't We exhibited the worst behavlour on our birthday and at
believe my eyes. 3 was wear!ng any formal Christmas. Most people either bought us identical presents
clothes. The guests were dressed in Hawaiian shirts and or one to share between us and it used to infunate us. Once
skirls or shorts wilh garlands of flowers around their necks. we even told cur aunt that we would 4*-*__ have
I looked althe invltation again and realised thal I hadn't read recerved no present than the same one. lt look us a long time
it properly. 4__*.*__*_** the bottom of the invitation, in to understand that we shouldn't have behaved like lhat. We
small print, the hosts clearly stated what type of clothes we a1 laugh at il now but then we were dead serious aboul that
were expecled to be wearing on that occaslon. problem.

TASK 2 TASK 5

COLOUR YOUR HOME HTTTTNG THE JACKPOT

When we think about doing 5 __ our home, we A couple of years ago a dear frlend of t
usuaLly concenlrate on the furniture, carpets and curtains, the lottery. As it happened, we had bought our lottery tickets
but we tend lo ignore the need to choose sultable colours for together but I wasn't as iucky as Kale. As soon as I found out
the walls in2*"*_****-*"of the rooms of the house. lhat she had hit lhe jackpot, I rang Kate to congratulale her
winning quite a large amount of money
M ost interio r designe rs agree that the choice of colou rs shou ld
always be the starting point when it comes to decorating. But At flrst, she dldn't want anybody lo know about it and she
lhey also say that since lhe days of having so B___* inslsted on me accompanyrng her to pick up the cheque.
chorce are gone, making the right declsion which colour When we arrived, there were loads of reporters and she
to choose for which space seems an incredibly difficult thing agreed to E.__,____ her photo taken, which later
to do. That's why, before you attempt to decorate any of the appeared in all the labloids. Slnce then, she has received
wa ls, you 4__-__* better learn some basic rules. hundreds of begging etlers which really get her down. Her
For example, red is good for a dining-room; but if you use ife ls a bil easier now but I know she still 4 she
it in the bedroom, lt may actually stop you from sleeping. had kept her privacy.
Another example mlght be to apply yel ow to cheer a place
up, especially one that doesn't get much sunlight.
TASK 5

TASK 3 A PERFECT CAMPSITE

I can't imagine a summer holiday withoul spending at least
A CHOCOLATE TASTER a couple of weeks camping in North Wales. Every single year
Being a chocolate taster sounds like a dream 1ob, especially I look 3***_**-**__*-to escaping problems at work and other
for a chocoholic like me. I G probably enjoy everyday preoccu pations.
staying at work all day long if my job just consrsted of lasling
lalways stay on a small campste Z_"*"-*-, is run by
chocolate every single day. So what do you need lo become
a family of farmers. The charm of thls place is not that il
a taster? The job hardly requires any formal qua ificalions provides all kinds of tourist attraclions. lt doesn'1. On the
but many tasters usually obtain a unrversrty Z**-*_.--
conlrary, the local way of llfe ls aulhenticaliy simple and
such as a BSc or NlSc in food technology. They attend many
reLaxrng. As soon as you arrive, you feel as 3
workshops to develop thelr skllLs. However, you can't do the
you're far away from the maddlng crowd and you know you
job effeclively 3_**___* you have an acute sense of wou d like lo stay there forever.
tasle and srnell, as they are crucial in assessing the product.
Large companres have several lasters whose lob is to taste The campsite is set in a beautiful rural setting. lt has its
lhe chocolate in 4 lo determine whether it's e, fish!ng lake and easy access to the woods
too bitter or too sweet and also lo comment on texture and The owners are exlremely friendly and they always glve
lhe visual impression. So, if you think you're good at tasting newcome[s a very warm welcome.
diflerent flavours, you might be wise to conslder it as a career.
 USE OF ENGLISH:Open Cloze
Read the text. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word.

TASK 7 TASK 1O

KARAOKE CANINE INTELLIGENCE

For people X_*, me, who definitely can't sing but Research on canine intelligence has proved that dogs are
really love trying, lhere is one answer - karaoke. This form brighter than was previously thought. Not t
of entertainment originated in Japan, where people generally are they brilliant at reading human expressions and body
enjoy picking 2 a microphone and singing afler language, but also at interpreting them. Apparently, they
work or at parties. However, ln recent years, it has gained in are much better at it than even chimpanzees, which are
popularity around the world. closest relatives. In fact, some dogs are able
to understand up to 250 words, signs or signals
So, why did karaoke become so popular in the first place?
Because it gives people 3 unique chance to sing Scientists believe that 3 was taming and
well-known songs without the lead vocal, but with the lyrics domesticating dogs that have helped these special abilities
displayed on a screen. The changing colours indicate which [o evolve. For example, it has been proved thai dogs can be
words you should be singing at any particular time. trained lo perform complex lasks. Tests have shown that
I am invited to a party, I they can also count up to five. The most intelligent breeds
Whenever always ask the host
4_ they're planning entertainment known said lo be Border Collies and retrievers,
as
a "karaoke session". Whenever the answeI is "yes", I make sure
whereas hounds and terriers the least. They lust bark at
everyth ing.
to be lhere. I know I can't sing, but I can't resisl the temptation
to do it!

TASK 8 ':
TASK 11

HOW FAR CAN YOU THROW YOUR MOBILE? IDENTITY THEFT

1fyou have ever felt a desire to dispcse of your mobile phone, lf somebody asked you to name the most valuable treasure
you should try it t the Mobile Phone Throwing you possess, 3 would you say it was? Most
World Championships, heid annually in Finland. You can would probably mention some personal belongings, but lt's
presenl yourself Indiviciually or lry your luck with two other our personal information whlch should be most treasured
people. and, therefore, securely protected,
Depending on the category you're in, there are different rules The problem of identity theft is not a completely new
and you are judged E on distance or general phenomenon but ?_*_ now it hasn't been widely
performance. One of the most importanl things to remember discussed or even fuly explained. Indeed, people have
is that you must 3 slep over lhe th'ow,ng area pretended to be other people lhroughout the centuries but
and the phone must land within the ihrowing area. Otherwise, nowitispossib|etoco|Iectourdalainamuch3--
the jury may disqualify the throw or the contestant. efficient way. One reason why criminals can get hold of our
personal information is the fact that people tend to be quite
The competition is described as a modern Finnish sport
philosophy, according to the organisers, careless about their personal data, Some throw out bank
is
statements and official letlers with their normal rubbish
spiritual freedom from being available all the time. I guess
that with our constant need to use a moblle phone, it's
To make 4 worse, some use websites which
a good
idea to "throw it away" from time to time.
are nol protected properly or share inlormation about
themselves online.

TASK 9

SCIENCE MUSEUM TASK 12

l've always been n science, especially space A CLOSE CALL
exploration. So when I heard that a new science museum had
The night before the worst day of my life $ had
been opened by a group of astronauts, I didn't hesitate and
I visited its webpage to check what kind of exhibitions had
been terribie wind and heavy rain so I knew we would
be busy removing debris and fallen branches and pumping
been pultogether. Thelr description sounded k___
i^e waLe'out o'people's basenenrs, 3 ldidn't
fantastic that I booked a ticket straightaway to make sure
expect though was that it would be me who would have to be
lwould not spend any precious time queuing at the ticket rescued on that shift.
office.
Early in the morning, my team was called to check a building
Having got to the museum, I rushed lo the department of that seemed lo have moved because of the rain. The building
space exploration. To my mind, it was the best place lo be and
looked quite safe from the outside and we went inside
I could finaily experience what the job of a real astronaut is
3_. Then, in the section aboutthe Earth, lsaw a film
lo 3*--_* a better look. And then the building started
collapsing around me. I remember falling and when I woke
about lceiand and I even watched an indoor geyser erupt.
up I reaiised ihat I was lrapped, Waiting for help seemed an
I4_ no doubt that such exhibitions make peop e elernity, bul when I heard familiar voices and saw dim lights,
realise how powerful our planet is and in effect it helps them my face lit up with happiness 4 my body was
respect our globe. I'm sure l'll be back there soon. aching all over.

::,\.*.
 USE OF HruGtl5i"{: Sentence Formation
Complete the questions using the words in brackets in the correct form. Do not change the order of the given words.
lf necessary, add other words to get logical and grammatically correct sentences. NOTE: complete each gap with up to
six words, including the words given.

TASK 1 TASK 5

Jeremy (always / talk / himself) *_ t I won't have time to pick mum up from the airporl so I

which annoys me a lot. was wondering(you / do) that

for me.
The young boy (think / steal)
from a local grocery for a long time but the footage from E We won't get in without an invitation as (bound / be)
CCTV didn't provide any evidence. guards checking the guest list.
3 Don't you think we should have a snack before we go just Marlon lost her sight at the age of five as a result
(case/they/not/give) us dinner of an accident but she seems to (get / walk)
after all? around the cilv with
a white stick.
4 Do you realise that the weather (likely / change)
the worse tomorrow? 4 If we (suppose / not / leave) the
hotel, how can we get to the conference?
TASK 2
TASK 6
? lt's ages (l / ride) a scooter so l'd
Iove to go with you for a little spin t My mother keeps (suggest / I / not / study)
nursing because ,t's a very
2 And (suppose / Carol / not / come)
demanding profession.
meet you, what would you have done?
3 lust a couple of hours ago the police confirmed that
2 ll we hadn't missed the plane, (we / lie)
a sandy beach by now.
(woman / hit) a baseball bat but
they still haven't found out who did it. 3 My grandparents (use / milk / deliver)
to their doorstep, bur ir doesn'L
4 l'm so glad you rang,l (about / call / you)
happen now.
myself to find out more about
the sailing holiday 4 lf you're struggling with insomnia, why don't you (try / take
/ pills) help you sleep?
TASK 3
TASK 7
5 What an appalling smelll Whal on earth (you / do)
the last few hours? ,? We saw a beautiful picture in the gallery on Sunday, but
when we went back on Monday it was gone, so we guess
2 Matilda won't listen to anybody anyway, so I guess (no
/use / try) lo talk her out of
(it / musr / sell) _
buying a new digital camera. Z (know / dangerous / area) WAS,
we decided to stay indoors.
3 l'm pretiy sure it'll be ages before I (get / accustom / live)
in such a hot climate. 3 I get really irrilated by those people who get on buses (r/
/ nobody / else / exist) and just
4 Why don't you have Richard (organise / Glna / mum)
barge their way through.
birthday party? He's really
excellenl al it! 4 Hopefully, our team (succeed / qualify)
lor the finals one day
TASK 4
TASK 8
f When we met, I (already / run) _
the caf6 for six years. t You (need / not / prepare) such a
lavish meal because we've already eaten.
2 Are you telling me that (be / worth / wite)
to the council about the 2 When Rob went to live abroad, he had to acquire the
condition of the road? language (addition / learn / drive)
on the righi.
3 Judging by Emiiy's exceilent results in her A-levels, she
(must / study) for weeks before 3 lf only I (not / buy / cor) whlch
the exam. you recommended - it's costing us a fortune now.
4 The soup tasted (though / somebody / add) 4 The lecturer started with a general introduction to the
too much garlic. course and (go on / talk) our
assignments.
 USH SF f NGLISH: Sentence Formation
Complete the questions using the words in brackets in the correct form. Do not change the order of the given words.
lf necessary, add other words to get logical and grammatically correct sentences. NOTE: complete each gap with up to
six words, including the words given.

TASK 9 TASK 13

1 The manager (ought / not / criticise) 1 The building collapsed while (person nel / be / evacuate)
Lesley in front of the others
But he rarely behaves appropriately.
* My grandma always (insist / I / sample)
Z Weren't you aware that taking (jab / mean / move) at least o-e piece of each o'rhe
the States? cakes she makes for me at Chrislmas
3 The streets look realydirty. lwtsh(people/ not/throw/ 3 (be/ l/fault) the car broke down
litter) wherever they feel like it halfway through the lourney home?
& l(not/walk/along) thal 4 On our way out we (hear / Claudia / practise)
pavement if I were you - some paving slabs are missing for her music competition, lt was
and it becomes a dirl track in 200 metres. a rea pleasure because of her fantastic voice

TASK 1O TASK 14

3 However easy it may seem, you (better / not / attempt) t The police (believe / follow) lhe
go diving on your own suspects at this very moment.
3 Chr st,e (not / mind r ask) to do 3 You must not hesrtale to contacl us (you / require /
some extra work at weekends. She rarely goes away, fu rther) _ information about the
vaca ncy
3 Iwould ralher (you / not / disappear)
saying good bye last night lt E During my last dental appointment I (forbid / fromt
upsel me very much. eat) sweets because ofthe
possibility of decay.
4' Do you think (he / let / I / take)
day offtomorrow? 4 Tom wondered (he / shall / replace)
his old computer or not.
TASK 11
TASK 15
9 There was no swimming pool at my old school, so we
(not/use/do) any water sports. t Would you believe that in a few minutes'time (we / be)
But we played tennis rnstead. this coach far 24hours?
? He won't talk to Jenn f er (unless / she / apologise) E George's parents abandoned him when he was tiny so
her behaviour first. (nothing / know) his past.
I wish (we / not / sit) **__ righl here 3 Jeremy's parents (want / he / study)
now. medicine rather than
philosophy but he wasn't keen on that at all.
4 The flighl was delayed by some technical problems,
(mean/we/have) a three hour 4 The supervisor complained lo (l / Jenny / always / fail)
wait. And because of that, we missed the last coach Lo meeT deadlines.
home from the airport.
TASK 16
TASK 12
'? We'd describe our friend Philip as a bit self-centered and
t When exactly (be / news / broadcast) bossy because he (/ove / listen)
_? And could you tell us where and he rarely takes "no" for an answer.
you were at the time?
? lf Lesley had had time, she (buy / son)
* Last week Sarah (advise / I / not / pay) a gift. lnstead, she just gave him
roo nrch attent ol to _ames' cash to choose something himself
remarks.
3 Was it while yoa (boiler / install)
3 Their rabbit was so aggressive lhal (it / have / be / lock) that you discovered a problem with the pipes?
in its cage.
4 There are only four houses in my street, (all / build)
Iguess it's about time I did a driving course (not / know / in lhe 1960s
drive) limits the job offers

:L.9
 LiSE 0F EhlGLlSH: Mini Test 1

TASK 1 OPEN CLOZE

Read the text. Complete each gap with one word.

THE COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS

The Commonwealth of Nations is an organisation which consists '! 53 member states. All of them used to be
British colonies and, in fact, the organisation was created in 1949, when the colonies started gaining independence from Britain.
The member states don't have any legal obiigation to each other. They are, though, united by culture, history and, of course,
language as ? as by basic principles and values: democracy, human rights and the rule of law. The head of the
Commonwealth is the Queen but her position is rather symbolic so, after her death, her successor 3 be chosen
by the Commonwealth leaders.
Apartfrompolitical involvementinlheaffairsofthememberstates,theorganisationisalsowell knownforthe
l
I
Commonwealth Games, a sporting event held 4 four years. What's interesting about the Games is some of the 1

sports played there. They include Lawn Bowls and Rugby Sevens

TASK 2 SE NTE NCE TRAN5FO RMATION

Using the words given in capitals, rewrite the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Do not
change the form of the given words. NOTE: complete each gap with up to six words, including the word given.

i They are delivering my new dishwasher on Tuesday.

HAVING

on Tuesday

2 "Why don't you sit next to me?" Mark asked Kate

INVITED
Mark next to him.

3 lt ls important to remember to complete this lorm in block letters.

FI LLE D

This form should in block lefters

4 Why is this place visited by so many tourists?

POPULAR
What makes so manv tourists?

TASK 3 WORD FORMATI,OhI

Fill each gap with the word in bold. Change the form of the word where necessary.

€ The (SIMPLE) of style and her classical elegance madeAudrey Hepburn the icon of Hollywood.
I
2|nordertoavoidstresswhenmovinghouse,it,svita]tohireaprofessional-(MoVE)Company.
3 There are plans to build the third runway to (ABLE) a bigger number of planes to land

4 Ben's (MANIPULATE) personality got him a fairly hlgh position in the managemenl of the company

;1!&
 USf SF f hlGtlSH: Mini Test 2
TASK 1 WORD FORMATION
Read the text. Fill each gap with the word in bold. Change the form of the word where necessary.

VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS

It seems that vocatlonal schools are gaining in popularity again. Many young people don't know what their 1
(PERSON) talents are and, as a result, they choose this type of a school to give themselves time to make declsions about their
future. At the same time, they gain the 2 (QUALIFY) necessary to do a particular job
One advantage of vocational schools is that you can get extra certificates and diplomas that will show an employer what
kind of skills you have acquired. Another benefit of attending such a school is that they usually have 3 (EXCEL)
connections with local businesses and industries. These businesses would often prefer to employ a 4 (TRAIN)
who they have got to know rather than somebody who hasn't done an apprenticeship with them. In this way both parties know
what they are getting and a young employee is likely to be encouraged to train further.

TASK 2 SENTENEE FORMATTON

Complete the questions using the words in brackets in the correct form. Do not change the order of the given words.
lf necessary, add other words to get logical and grammatically correct sentences. NOTE: complete each gip with up to
six words, including the words given.
'! | was very surprised when the customs officer (demand / know) which suitcase was mine
E The room (seem / renovate) only recently. lt looked so fresh

3 lf only I (know / how / uninstall) this software! lt makes my computer annoyingly slow.
4 Buying health insurance (let / user / lower) their medical expenses

TASK 3 SENTENCE TRANSFOR.MATION

Using the words given in capitals, rewrite the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Do not
change the form of the given words. NOTE: complete each gap with up to six words, including the word given.

f Kevin is fond of paragliding, isn't he?

INTO
Kevin he?

? You won't make further progress without outside help

SOMEBODY
Unless you won't make further progress

3 lt was impossible to reach the mountain lodge due to heavy snow falls.
CUT
The mountain lodge heavy snow falls

4 "Don't expect much from him," she told me

NOT
She warned from him.

''.*7,
 Xf-d* Pre&f,TEe ffi: Listening
Listen to the speakers. For questions 1-3 choose the correct answer A, B or C. You will listen to each recording twice.
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TASK 1

i What does the couple NOT order?

:. Whal s miss ng?

;: What does Tom need to do outs de?

:: What pet s Ann getting?

rn
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 Xfq* PreAeT*ef;: Listening
Listen to the speakers. For questions 1-3 choose the correct answer A, B or C. You will listen to each recording twice.
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TASK 3 ,A,:
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t;

What dish is the reclpe for?

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What Vlom does NOT have to buV?

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TASK4 *na4
: What did Anna buy?
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ll What is the route to the hote ?

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.1 Where are the documents?

19
 ZN0 PRACTICE: Listening
Listen to the speakers. For questions 1-3 choose the correct answer A, B or C. You will listen to each recording twice.

TASK 5 TASK 7

1 What disadvantages does Dad NOT mention? f What does Anna NOT wantlane to do?
A the high price of studles & go on a diet
S the long hours * do sports
C the difficulties ol getting the lob e eat less sugar
A What is true about work in the caf6, according to Kevin? 2 What does John want Kevin to do?
A, He earns good money. ,4 help him tidy the flat
ffi Some customers are generous. B listen to .nore nus c
e lt's an easy job. e make the bed
3 What does Phil NOT complain about? 3 What did Lora NOT pay for?
A a dark room Aabag
$ a leaking tap E a purse
f a bad smell e a jumper
fr 8
/trq
rASK bs g
t What kind of films does Tom like?
'l What has Peter bought for his girlfrlend?
& a phone
A comedies and horror stories
B nothing
B cartoons and horror stories
Ca scarf and a hat
e comedies and cartoons
? What did Ben Iike about the new shopping centre?
2 What is the problem with the shirt?
A lt's too big.
A a sale
B The colour is not bright.
E goods
e lt's not blue.
C changing rooms

3 What doesJulia complain about?

3 What is NOT mentioned about York?
& lt has historic places.
A loud music
ry lt's gol the oldest street in Europe.
E lack of privacy
C lt was founded by Scandinavian tribes.
f living condition

Listen to the text . For statements 'l-5 choose T if the statement is true according to the text, F if it is false. You will listen
to the te xt twice.

TASK 9
ffi
n n
T F

? You can visit Antarctica only during November-March period

il L]
r
2 lt takes about 20 hours to get from New York to Antarctica.

4
The best way to get from Argentina to Antarctica is by water.

An average price for the trip to Antarctica is around $ 5.000.

n
i--l ii
L]
5 A sea trip to Antarctica is similar to a Caribbean cruise.
n LI
 ZNO PRACTICE: ListcNiNg
Listen to the text. For statements 1-5 choose T if the statement is true according to the text, F if it is false. You will listen
to the text twice.

TASK 1O

T F

'l Two teens, who tried to run away with the lady's purse, were stopped.
L_l tl
3 The pollce were called, but no one was arrested.
t_,1 II
Lr
3 A tornado imprisoned kids and teachers nside of the nursery school building. lt
ii tl
4 31 people helped rescue the kids.
tl LI
5 The police pulled the woman and the child out of icy water.
l____l ll
TASK 11

T
t All schoolchildren buy takeaway for their lunch once a week.
ti
2 Half of secondary schoolchildren have 3 or more snacks a day.
n
L__l
LJ LJ
3 According to the survey many kids like eating healthy food. i--l
ll LJ
4

5
We should teach our kids the principles of nutrition and cooking.

Parents are the only ones who can teach kids about food and nutrition
tl L]
l_l ll

TASK 12 ,,;'1', .'.;'.',1';

n
T F

'l l.--*l
Pilots use specific manoeuv[es in case of difficult weather conditions
tt
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3 Pilots deiiberate y direct the aircraft into the crosswind when landing.
il L___l
3 Wind shear can influence the turbulence,
n tl
II
tl
4 Pilots are not allowed to land in a different city.
[r LI
5 High winds can sometimes make your plane fly faster.
n ti
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 ZNO PRACTICE: LiStCNiNg
B or C. You will listen to the recording twice'
Listen to the speakers. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer A,

TASK 13 TASK 15

t What might cause a headache? 'E A space probe ..-._*.

A good weather A collects information

B a thunderstorm ffi gathers scientists
e rapid decrease in barometric pressure e chooses data

2 What was the main trigger for headaches, found by the ? When did the US send their own space probe?
resea rch? A in October 1957
& a rise in temperature the day before & tn 1f daYs from October 1957
ffi a rise in temperature in the following 24hours {. in 1f weeks from October 1957
C falls in pressure in the previous days
3 When did the rovers first successfully land on Mars?
3 According to Kenneth Mukamal the environment around & 1963
us can influence .--.* * 2014
A a lot of PeoPle t 1916
& 1870 of peoPle
e everytenth Person
4 What has happened to Voyager 1 and 2?
A They're flYing to sun.
4 Migranes are bad for economy because B They're still gathering and transmitting data'
A young peoPle miss daYs at work
( They landed on Mars.
-.
B old peoPle cannot work
C it's bad for environment
5 Why are we Probing sPace?
A to find a way to ea[n more money
5 What doctors might be able to do about the headaches? B to please StePhen Hawking
& tell you how to avcid weather related triggers e lo find an alternative place to live
ffi cure headaches with drugs
C stop the effects from appearing, using medication
TASK 15

TASK 14 Why do new places get an existing name with the word
'new'added to it?
What was the aim of one of the biggest food trends of & People lack inaginatio'.
2018? B People miss that old Place'
e People want to honour the original place,
& protect turtles
B promote hashtags What's the official language of the country?
e use less plastic straws
A Maori
What ls the exact number of plastic straws, used in the E Dutch
US every day? { English

& 500 million Where could the Dutch expedition have landed if they
B 100 nillton had missed New Zealand?
e we don't know
A in Argentina
Which companies are eliminating/replacing plastic ffi ln Antarctica
StraWS? C in Netherlands

& Starbucks, Walmart, APPIe What geographical places have been named after the
S lkea, Alaska Airlines, Starbucks explorer Tasman?
e lkea, Apple, McKesson
A a sea and an island
Why are straws blamed for leading to the use of other ffi a country and an island
disposable plastic? fl a sea and a continent
A They aren't verY exPersive. How did Captain Cook help New Zealand get its modern
B People usually use them more than once. name?
e I hey cnange culLLlre. A He gave it a different name.
Dune lves claims the straw ban movement is about ffi He gave it the more English-frlendly spelling'
f He gave it back its original name.
A real straw -
S making people think more widelY
e developing fast-food culture
 ZNCI PRACTICE: Reading
Read the texts below. Match choices A-H to the texts 1-5. There are three choices you do not need to use.

TASK 1 TASK 2
Moving abroad - here's how to do it! Fish and Chips
'7 7.__**,
There ls a common misconceptron that moving abroad is an No one knows prec se y where or when fish and ch ps came
escape from work, family and adulthood in genera . That's together. Chips arrived in Brltain from France ln the eghteenth
perfectly okay, but know lhis - living in a new place will not cenlury and were known as pommes frites and the frrst menlion of
make you a new person. There will be times when you wish chips was in 1854 when a eading chef included "thln cut potatoes
you could go back to your old 9 to 5. Sure, moving abroad has cooked in oi1" ln his recipe book. Flsh and chips gained popularity
a certain glamour to it, but the truth is that it's regu ar ife with when lhe mea helped feed the popuialion during the Firsl World
a whole Lot more paperwork. War, and since fish and potaloes were lwo of on y a few foods not
; ___-* ratloned in WWll, the traditlona dish malntained ts status. Today,
For expats ln most parts of the worid, visas are an unfortunate lhere are about '11 000 fish and chip shops throughout the UK and
but necessaryfact of ife. As soon as you dec de which counlry lreland, so finding a chippie (a fish and chip shop) is usua ly easy.
you're moving to, research the relevant visa laws, lt's best to 2*_*
do this at east three months prior, as brreaucracy can take A great flsh and chips port on is only as good as its ingredrents.
quite some time. Obtalning a visa wilL like y involve contacting The U,K.'s favourite lish ls still coci and accounts for more than
the country's consulale n your area and puttlng down a large half of the total consumplion. Haddock ls the second favorrte, and
administration fee. For countries with particularly complicated there are regronal varlalions. When il comes to the chip, a f oury
visa laws (such as China), you mighl cons der us ng a visa potato rs best waxy potatoes can often resuI n greasy chips A
agency, though this will increase the cosl significantly. thick-cut potato absorbs Less oiL than thln, so chunkler chips are
;__-__ actually healthler. The perfect and traditlona fat for frying both
The oniy thing worse than getting srck in a foreign country is the flsh and the chips is beef fat or ard. Both give a crispier and
not having insurance when it happens. Some countries even lastler chlp and flsh. However, cooking fish and chips in vegetable
require that you buy health rnsurance be[ore they'll issue your or corn oiL is now commonplace as lt is healthler and more readilV
vlsa. lf you're lucky, your company will insure you, bul don't available. The oil must be clean and maintalned at a constanl
wail for them. Get trave ler's insurance before you leave, and temperature of 365 F (185 C) for the crispiest fish and chips.
cancel lt when yorr company's health insurance kicks ln. E_____
E
The classic condlment for fish and chips is vrnegar with a sprinkle
G"rg t" a place where you don't speak lhe loca language? of salt and, love them or hale them, mushy peas are also
Learn itl Learning a foreign language opens more doors than tradltiona on the slde. ln addition, since lhe mrd-seventies,
you can possibly rmagrne, and lt also shows respect for your curry sauce has also grown rn popularity, The on y other sauces
new home, English wil help you get by in many places, but consldered suitable are a squirt of ketchup or brown sauce rn
don't be the guy who rnakes no effort because you're lazy. Scotland. Although a contrnenlal habit of serv ng mayonnarse
Sign up for nlght classes, take a free course online or sit down wlth fish and chips has emerged, very few Britons have adopled
with a language exchange partner a few days a week, and th is.
you'll go from "Ni hao" to "Ni chifan e ma?" in no lime, 4_**
s ___* Despile the lhreat fro m pizza a nd burgers, fish and chrps remains
It's hard to hire a van and a team of movers when you're going the natlon's favourrte takeaway d ish and is nearly four times more
from London to Buenos Aires. Although it's tempting to bring popular than lndian curries. Tradilionally, fish and chips were
along that vintage night sland you inherited from Uncle Noel, wrapped rn greaseproof paper and a thick layer of newspaper
it's best lo stick with ltems you can easily pack in a suitcase: whlch served not oniyas an lnsulator but a so as a p ateto make
clothes and toiletries to get you started, a few books, maybe eating outdoors easier. However, because of health and safety
a poster or two. Look up the baggage requrremenls of the contro chippies are no longer al owed to use newspaper. Many
airline you're flying with, and lry to sticl< to that. You won't fish and chip purisls, though, declare lhat fish and chips eaten
believe how much of what you own ls not truly necessary from newspaper outdoors is the best way to eat them.
when it comes down to t, 5__
Although a meal of deep-fried fish and chips is not considered
a heallhy meal, it is better for you than other fast food optlons.
: * i Vuk" sure you lake precautions in case you_---**--=:
get i | ,
Fish and chips have less fat and fewer ca ories than ihe average
B r Make sure you don't forget any be ongings ,p
l<za. o:vt*qLl a-s- aArg-l&-c 9 t .Whap p--ql .[*eclwt!l]" m.qdiun.trct

it, 3* lll_""'!qit:ltl:liy_Pt:-_
:
*-*''r-- --
i--* -*'-'***" ..-l
C ,':Make s-re you o'ly pac< the essentials :
_ .),

I dish
The ultimate takeaway i
i*iMakeSUreyoU,re,]000/0CertainyoUWant[omoVe
abroao rips :

i X i Vake sure yolr don'l need a visa '; * i Fat and calories in Fish and Chips
-- ri*- i-A [".[i v &"i*
; 1

1 Y i Make sure your money can move abroad with you ,

----:

i ft i Traditiona accompaniments for Fish and Ch ps l

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 ZNO PRACTICE: Reading
Read the texts below. Match choices A-H to the texts 1-6. There are two choices you do not need to use.

TASK 3
The world's hardest countries to visit
$ North Korea
The world's mosl secretive country welcomes just about 4.000 to 6.000 tourists in a year and deportes a fair few for possible
offences against the state. ln North Korea you're not allowed to travel independently and musl be accompanied by a guide from
one of Pyongyang's three state approved tour operators. You may be surprised to hear that acquiring a tourist visa for North
Korea isn't too tricky (although it does take six to eight weeks to arrive), but you're limited to a pre-planned itinerary once you're
there,

3 Bhutan
Before 974, people were unable to visit the Kingdom of Bhutan. Mountainous Tibet to the north and the dense jungles of West
'1

Bengal to the south made it very inaccessible. Today there are two airlines that fly to and from Bhutan (Drukair and Bhutan
Airlines) and the roads have been drastically improved if you're travelling by car. However, you will need to pay for your trip in
advance - not just the plane ticket but an all-inclusive package through a Bhutanese travel agent.

3 Kiribati
ln order to reach the unspoiled beauty of Kiribati you have to make a series of connections through other equaliy remote Pacific
islands. According to seasoned travellers you have to begin your journey from either Fiji, Honolulu, Brisbane, Manila or Taipei
and hop actoss a number of islands in progressivelysmaller planes and airports untilyour reach Kiribati. Entering Kiribati isn't
easy either unless you're from one of the 60 countries that are allowed to pay for a vlsa on arrival, olherwise you'il have to
apply for a tourist visa at one of Kiribati's few forelgn consulates. The UK consulate ts conveniently located in the small village of
Llanddewi Rhydderch in Wales.
4 Libya
Most foreign offices warn against travelling to Libya, but lt is not impossible to visit. Libya's land borders with Algeria, Niger,
Sudan and Chad are closed to non Africans so you'll need to enter via Egypt. There are no direct flights to Libya from either the
UK or US, but Alriqiyah Airways flies from lstanbul to Tripoll or you could take a connecting flight through Tunis. The ancient
Roman ruins of Leptls Magna (approximately B0 miles east of Tripoli) are meant to be stunnrng.

5 Equatorial Guinea
This is a country many avoid because of state oppression and a terrible record of human rights abuses. The hostlLity towards
its own people extends to visitors and as a result Equalorial Guinea is a very difficult place lo enter, unless you're American.
Bizarrely, United States citizens are the onlyforeigners in lhe world who don't require a visa. Once there, getting around can be
hard and the hotels are expensive when compared to neighbourlng countries.

6 Angola
The visa process for Angola can take several weeks so apply with plenty of time to spare before you visit, Many seasoned travel ers
are drawn toAngola simply because it's so hard to getto. You'll need a formal letter of invitation and proof of a prepaid hotel - and
that's before you even know whether or nol you're al owed to visit,

Which country can you

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i : "_:1":ji1T::y:':_:::lqT:l!igl?1lv- {::=-y:: :::
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i ; vislt only if travelling with a certified local j

e : neve' be deoo(ed lrom

i & ivisitifyoupayforthehotelbeforeyouapplyforavisa I

i. _5 _ r ui=tl[]_11ryi::{,vi_i::}"1--li31y.:_.: _
:

H i visit wlthout a visa if you are from one particular country

IL-*--*-**..*.i.-
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 ZNO PRACTICE:Reading
Read the texts below. Match choices A-H to the texts 1-6. There are two choices you do not need to use.

TASK 4

Jobs which have disappeared into the history books

t Gas lamplighter
From 1807 gas lighting played a crucial role in keeping crime down across the UK. So, virtually everytown and city suburb had a
lamplighter who'd begin an illuminating patrol at dusk, then anolher at dawn when he'd put out the flame. The beginning of the
job's end was in 1879 when the first electric street lighting was unveiled in Newcastle upon Tyne and by the early 20th century
they had replaced virtualiy all gas lamps. A handful of gas lamps still remain, often in clty centres, but most are now fitled with
self lighting devices.

2 Resurrectionist
It sounds like a religious cult, but they were actually just people (called graverobbers) paid to dig up dead bodies for scientific
experiments. Disseitions on the dead took place as early as the 3rd century BC, then as medicine quickly advanced in the 1700s
and 1800s, the demand for bodles increased. But a scandal ensued when hundreds of families were left heartbroken after it
was revealed that graverobbers had been digging up their loved ones. The resurrectionists were then dealt a blow by the 1B3B
Anatomy Act which allowed people to leave their bodies for scientific experimentation.

3 Knocker up
Right up to the 1920s, many people still paid to be woken up by having their door or window knocked on at a specified lime. Young
boys, women, and even policemen would use a truncheon, a long stick or sometimes a pea shooter, to rouse sleepers and earn
some extra money. They weren't allowed to leave the doorstep until they were sure they'd done thelr job a risky business when
their bleary-eyed employers'first act of the day was to empty their full bed pan out of the window. Thankfully the invention of
alarm clocks signaled the end for this profession.

4 Aircraft Iistener
As recently as the 1930s, Britain's only defence against invading aircraft were military ears, though the men who had to listen for
the enemy did have a number of peculiar devices they could use. During the First World War they employed "war tubas" designed
to funnel the sound of approaching engines into a single pair of headphones. They also developed sound mirrors, which were
giant concrete discs that bounced sounds onto a central poinl where they were picked up by a microphone. But by the Second
World War the RAF had, thankfully, developed radar - an innovation which helped defeat Hitler's Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain.

5 Moirologist
In the 9th century, when funerals were
'1
a status symbol as well as a fond farewell, wealthier families often felt that they needed
to hire status boosting professional criers. The hired mourners would often include a sad-looking young boy, a job Oliver Twist
briefly had in Charles Dickens'classic tale of Victorian poverty. Not surprisingly, paying pretenders to pay their respects quickly fell
out offashion bythe 1900s.

6 Rat catcher
Though the idea of catching smelly and often disease ridden creatures might not hold much appeal, it was a common job for
centuries. One Londoner, Jack Black, even gained celebrity status in the mid 19th century after falsely claiming he was Queen
Victoria's personal rat catcher. They were moslLy caught, often with the help of terriers, to keep their numbers down. But the
animals were also sold on to posh ladies who thought keeping them in gilded cages was fashionable. Thankfully, the trend died out
and local authorities found more effective ways of keeping the streets free from rats,
Which job " ?

i got you paid for disturbing people

1-

helped prevent cnme

i was mentioned in a book
is stiil possible to find nowadays

i made some people feel sad

z,
 ZNO PRACTICE: Reading
Read the text below. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

TASK 5

Uber and Lyft are making traffic worse

Foryears,thelinkbetweenincreasedride sharlngandreducedcongestionwasclear: cheap,immedialeandabundanttaxi rides
would encourage city residenls to give up their cars. Uber Pool and Lyft's Shared Rldes, whlch pick up extra riders a ong their
routes, would act ike city wide carpooling agencies, combinlng passengers and extending the reach of public transportation.
But in the last few years, as ride sharing has expanded to dozens of cities and billions of rides, nearly all of these assumptions
have been proven wrong or wildLy optimistlc.
First of all, ride sharing hasn't reduced the number of cars on the roads. As taxi rides have come down in price, they have
boomedinpopularity.SanFrancisconowhasover2Otimesmoreride sharingvehiclesthanofficialcabs. lnNewYork,registered
"transportation network company" cars oulnumberyellow cabs slx to one. While some city residents have indeed given up their
vehicles in favour of car sharing, others have purchased cars specifically to drive for Uber and Lyft.
Secondly, swapping solo drivers for car shares hasn't reduced the number of miles city residents are covering on the roads.
"Switching from your own car to an Uber actua y adds miles because the car has to come to pick you up," Schaller said.
"lt would be great il Uber and Lylt carried small groups of people, but in fact they usually only carry solo riders," saicl Jarrett
Walker, a transil planner and policy consultant. Uber drivers have to get to their first passenger, then end up taking signilicant
detours along the route to pick up their second or lhird. And that's if they pick up a second passenger at a l: According to inlernal
company data obtained by BuzzFeed,40 percent of Uber Pool trips in San Francisco ended up as solo rides in 2015, when the
servicewasstil reativelynew. lnaddition,atthistimeUberwasheavilysubsidizingfarestomaketheservicemorepopular.
And thirdly, rather than iust being a supplement to more efficient forms of transportation, Uber and Lyft are actualiy stea ing
customers from lhem, Two separate studies have found that the majority of Uber and Lyft riders would have wa ked, cycled
or laken a bus lf ride-sharing wasn't available. In one study, a Unrversity of Colorado researcher became an Uber driver and
surveyed his passengers. Only around one in five, he found, replaced driving alone with his taxi ride.
"When you ask people who say they're replacing persona auto lrips why they take ride-sharing instead, it turns out they're
taking Uber and Lyft to the airport, when lhey go out drinking and when they travel to avoid renting a car," schaller said. Those
are ali replacing public transport trips. Plus, since ride share passengers tend to be wealthier than city averages, ride sharing
could be tempting the wealthy out of using buses and trains altogether, creating a two-tier system, weakening public support
and funding for more efficient forms of transporl in the long term.

What has happened with shared rides recently?

& Peop e do not want to ride share.
ffi The service has become much more popular,
e A dozen have used r he service.
# Biliions of people have proven they are good for environment.
Why hasn't ride-sharing resulled rn a smailer number of cars on lhe roads?
& Rrdes are loo e> pensive.
# There are a Iot ofyel ow cabs on the roads.
{ People refused to give up their vehlcles.
* Some people bought cars just to drive taxrs for Uber and Lyft.
What is true about the early period of service development?
A Uber and Lyft carried smallgroups of peop e ratherthan solo riders.
# Uber drivers always had just one passenger.
{ Uber covered part ofthe expenses to increase the popularily ofthe service.
t? Uber drivers never travelled off the route to pick up passengers.

What would most of the Uber passengers have done if they hadn't used the service?
"*. dr ven rheir own cars
# gone on foot or by public transport
{ got a taxi
* nol gone lo that place
What might be the effect of Uber and Lyft services?
& people will use public transport less
# people wlll drink more alcohol
f people willtravel by car instead of plane trips
# people will lravel more

'76'
 ZNO PRACTXCE: Reading
Read the text below. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

TASK 6

Why the Dutch are so good at English?

They're incredibly tall. They ride their bikes everywhere (without helmets). They're winning lhe battle against rising sea levels.
And now, they're ranked Number 1 in English. In the most recent EF English Proficiency Index (EF EPI) ranking, the Netherlands
came in 1st out ol 72 counlries in English skills. 90 percent of respondents in the Netherlands claim to know English, These
results beg the question. Why are the Dutch so unbelievably good at English?
This tiny country of 'l 7 mlllion people punches well above ils welghtwith the 17th largest Gross Domestic Product in the world,
and the 5th largest in the EU, according to lhe llVF. While South America or the Middle East can rely on a sizable Spanish-
speaking orArabicspeaking marketto drive growth, there are only27 million Dutch speakers and 2 bi lion English speakers.
And so the Dutch have needed to learn English to enterthe global market.
Perhaps as a consequence of this, the Netherlands don't dub foreign language TV and movies. As a result, Dutch chlldren grow
up hearing English in popular culture from a very early age. Counlries wlth a large enough audlence for dubbed TV shows and
movles, like France or Germany, dub everylhing, and as a result, have much less success in integratlng English into lheir cullural
lile. Dubbing seems lo make people less linguistically receptive to foreign languages, a condition the Dutch have successfully
avo i d ed.

The Dutch love to lravel. Since EF's Amsterdam office opened in 1970, EF Education First has witnessed steady growth in
the number of students from the Netherlands who are travelling abroad and taking gap years. English opens doors not just
economically, but a so for the average Dutch tourist, and so it's no wond-^r there's interest in this globai language.
And finally, before any English test, the Dutch can thanktheir linguistic ancestors. Dutch is a Germanic language, just like English,
and so they share many roots and characteristics, De? The. Bier? Beer. Wafel? Walfle. While many language fami ies don't talk at
the dinner table, cross language similarities give the Dutch something to say when it comes lo learning English.
The Dutch have an embarrassment of riches when it comes to English skills - and benefit from it enormously. Anyone who
remembers that New York was once New Amsterdam will know that the adventurous Dutch have always been a country with
global ambitions. The Netherlands is a great example of how a country's English proficiency can make it globally competitive
and future friendly Adds a whole new meaning to the phrase "going Dutch", doesn't it?

According to survey, how many people in the Netherlands do NOT know English?
A every tenth citizen
B 90 percent
{ 72 percent
# half of the population
What market does the Dutch economy rely on?
& South American and Middle East
ffi Spanish- and Arab-speaklng
e Dutch-speaking
* English speaking
Why do Dutch children have more opportunities to rntegrale into an English-speaking environment, than children from
France or Germany?
& they hear only English at home and school
& lhey watch English lilms and programmes in the original format
e in the Netherlands there are only English programs on TV
& all shows and movies on TV are translaled inlo English
Why is English helpful for the Dutch?
& there are a lot of tourists in the Netherlands
they often visit other countries
ffi
C they need the language to study in Amsterdam
B after 1970 il became impossible lo enter university, unless you spoke English
5 Why is it rather easy for the Dutch to learn English?
& learning English is easier after having learnt German
m their language has a lot in common with English
f the Dutch practice English when having family meals
* the Dutch have a lot of English tests at school
 ZNO PRACTICE: Reading
Read the text below. Choose from A-H the one which best fits each space 1-6. There are two choices you do not need to
use.

TASK 7 TASK 8

Airports will now have lie detectors When panda has twins
ln several airports in Europe, passengers will be admlnistered When a mother panda gives birth to twins at the Chengdu
lie detector tests powered t in addition to their normal Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, the team uses a little
security steps, according to a press release about the new trick'E
in itiative.
Shortly after birth, keepers remove one of the cubs, making
A new EU backed project called iBorderCtrl the mother think 2 The twins ar e rhen swilched up to
E_ at border checkpoints in Hungary, Latvia and Greece 10 times a day to maintain the single baby panda illusion. One
three countries that border non-EU nations for a trial thls of the cubs is with the mother almost all the time while the
month. other is kept in an incubator and fed on formula milk.

The program works as follows, 3 will answer questions Half olall panda births result in twins, however, it is very rare
from a computer-animated border guard through a webcam for bolh cubs to survive in the wild as giant pandas almost
4 .......--* during the lie-detection process. always abandon a cub S The reason is that they don't
have sufficient milk or energy to care for two, so focus their
"lt will ask the person to confirm their name, age and date attention on the slrongest cub.
ol birth, and it will ask them things like 5 _ and who is
funding the trip," Keeley Crockett, one of the experts involved This method opens up lhe possibility 4 _ in captive
in the project, told CNN about the screening process. panda cubs. lt's a problem that the Chengdu Research Base
has been tackling for decades. Prior to 1990, the survival rate
A press release about the program states the virtual border among twins was only 30%0.
guard will analyse the traveller's micro-expressions to gauge
whether they may be lying, with human border guards Giant pandas are as popular 5 _. lt is eslimated the
overseeing the entire process and stepping in if a security worldwide population of pandas is approximately 2.060.
risk is detected. While this is an increase compared to previous years, it could
all be under threat. Predicted environmental damage from
Some experts have doubts aboutthe experiment, arguingthat climate change 6 _ is estimated to destroy more than
& _ of their physical cues while continuing to lie during 35%o of the panda's bamboo habitats.
the process.

r.i A
I passengers will simply be more mindful i

i-.--
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i

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t-*.------.---**-^:.-.. -,-----*------}
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 ZNO PRACTICE: Use of English
Read the text below. For questions 1-10 choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

TASK 1 TASK 2

Painting for gold medals Why do leaves fall off the trees?
Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the I _ of the modern As the days grow t_
and cooler airtemperatures roll in,
Olympics, believed that sports and the arts were inseparably the colour of Indiana's trees ? _ from summef green to
linked. Pierre was raised and educated classically, and he was lhe brilliant autumn shades of orange, yellow, red, and brown.
particularly 3 _ by the idea of what it meant to be a true It's autumn. Soon, the leaves will lall to the ground ... or will
Olympian - someone who was not only athletlc, but 3 they?
in music and literalure. However, the idea to include some
aspects of art € opposition from the beginning, -and il The simple answer is this: Leaves 3 trees so that the
wasn't until the Stockholm games in 1912 lhat medals were trees can survive the winter,
awarded jn arlistic disciplines.
But the word "fall" is a bit 4 __.
-
lt implies that the trees
The resistance was understandable, as sporting g _ are passive this time of year, when, in fact, they are actively
can be measured in easily-understood metrics suih as time "pushing"lhe leaves off their branches.
and distance, bul judging the arts is undeniably subjective.
The changes in weather and daylight trigger a hormone that
Moreover, the works created had to be S wilh sport and
&_ a chemical rnessage to each leaf that it is time to
thus the arls 7 __ also suffered from this parameter.
6 _ for winter. Over the next few weeks, special cells
Additionally, the requirement of E status in the early form a bumpy line at the place where lhe leaf stem meets the
period of the modern games eliminated the chance of branch. And slowiy, but surely, the leal is "pushed" from the
g_ arllsts to enter the competition. The resuiting works tree branch.
-
were inevitably, well, amateurish. So the Olympic art evenls
This winterization process is a must for trees'7 _"_. ln
were finally struck from the competition in 1948. Arts medals
spring and summer, leaves E _ sunlight into energy in a
were removed from the.t8 Olympic records and the
process we all know as photosynthesis. During that process,
events were reduced to a non-competitive exhlbition running
the trees lose a lot of water - so much water that when winter
for the duration of the games.
arrives, the trees are no longer able to get enough water to

And so now we know. Leaves fall or are pushed ofitrees so

that the lree can survive the winter and t* new leaves
in the spring.

1 & designer E beginner {- sta rte r * founder 7 Fr

smaller ffi tinier e shorter m ESS

Z * impressed ffi excited e sti rred * influenced 2 changes & becomes C gets U mobiles

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5 A profits B achievements { execution * production delivers E releases f ISSUeS s commutes

E A mingeled s mixed { ieaged * associated 6 ready & develop { appoi nt & prepare

7 & competltior m match { race * sport 7 stamina B duration { survival * wlldlife

s & delitlante ffi amateur e apprentice lea rner & convert ffi adapt e tra nslate BA
mutate

B A proficient B licensed e expert * professiona g retu rn * switch C re rn ove # replace

& delinlte B formal e offic ia I

m valid A make ffi [at5e C amplifll n grow
 ZNO PRACTICE: Use of English
Read the text below. For gaps 1-5 choose the correct answer A, B, CorD.

TASK 1 TASK 3

The history of football The shortest war in history

More than 240 million people around the world play football Fought between the United Kingdom and Zanzibar on 27
regularly accordingto the Federation lnternationale de Football August 1896, the conflict lasted approximately 40 minutes,
Association (FIFA). 'E _* it the shortest war in history, lt all started when
Records trace the hlstory of lootball back more "E _ 2 000 ? ..-..-_ pro-British Sultan Hamad bin Thuwaini died on August
years to ancient China, but it was England that transitioned 25 and his cousin, Khalid bin Barghash, 3 _ the throne.
lootball into the game we know today. The English are credited Rumours claimed that the new Sultan poisoned the old one.
with recording the first unform rules for the sport, A _ The British government wanted Hamoud bin Muhammad in
forbidding tripplng opponents and touching the ball with one,s place as Sultan, and gave Khalid 4 --- 9 a.m. iocai time on
hands, As the sport developed, more rules were implemented 27 August 1896, to cede the throne to the pro-British heir. At
and more historical landmarks were set. For example, the precisely 9 a.m., when Khalid refused to abdicate, the British
penalty kick 3 _ in 1891. bombardment began. Guns from the British ships fired
Some of the top players throughout history include pele lrom 5 the Sultan's palace. After a mere 38 minutes, Khalid's
Brazil, who 4 _ six goals in the 1958 World Cup and helped troops fled the scene. The shortest war in the history olthe
Brazil claim its first title and Marco Van Basten from Holland, world was over.
5 _ won several very prestiglous football awards during
one year alone.
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TASK 4
5 whlch w who C what I-t where

lnfluenza: the origin of the name

TASK 2
lnfluenza earned its name t __ an ltalian folk word that
Telephone and mobile phones attributed colds, cough, and fever to the influence ofthe stars.
Z _the term evolved into influenza del freddo - "influence
"Mr Watson, come here, I want you." t _'1 0 March 1876,
of the cold",
these were the first words ? _ by Alexander Graham
Beli, the inventor of the telephone, to his assistant Thomas The flu has appeared under various names through the years,
Watson, using his new device, It is conceivable that the 3_ epidemic catarrh, grippe and the sweating slckness.
history of the telephone 3 _ as a result of our desire ln the mid 17th century, New Englanders colourfully called
to communicate far and wide. This incredible invention lhe disease "the jolly rant" and "the new acquaintance". ln
and the creation of the celluiar network supported the England it was the "knock-me down fever". 4 _ English
revolution 4 .*- the telephone industry. From bulky adopted the word "influenza" in the mid-l 8th century, while
mobile phones to ultrathin handsets, mobile phones the French called it la grippe from gripper, meaning "to grasp
5 _'* a long way so far. Even now, scientists continue to or hook", There is also a similar-sounding phrase in Arabic, anf-
c[eate new ideas that will further enhance users' exoerience. al-anza, which means "nose of the goat", used because goats
5_ to be carriers of the disease.

I #" At gs On f ln & Si nce 1 & with B from { bV * of

2 &
have been
B spoken e spoke w speak
2 & Late * The latest e Latest ft Later
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WAS being
3 A will start w
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B
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started sta rti ne
4 A of ffi bv e from * ofl
4 €4 w an e The * a
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5 F4 have come & had come { came ft will have 5 &
thoueht
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come I
 ZNO PRACTICE: Use of English
Read the text below. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

TASK 5 TASK 7 .

Zero dollar election campaign Building destroyed by the Great Fire

Presidential candidates of f __
century spend millions On 2 September 1666 a '! _ fire started, known as The
of dollars winning the endorsements of their parties and Great Fire of London. lt left around 85 percent of the capital's
organising nationwide campaigns. But Washington himself did population homeless, The most famous building destroyed in
absolutely A _ public campaigning, and even cast doubt that fire was Sr Paul's Calhedra .

on whether he 3 "..--.-* the job lf elected. The retlred general The remains of the cathedral were demolished and work
said that he just wanted to live a quiet, happy life and die as a started on building Z __ replacement in 1675. The
private citizen at his Mount Vernon larm. spectacular cathedral we know today was designed 3 _
Washington was an obvious first choice for president. He Christopher Wren and remains one of London's greatest
was 4 _ a national hero and the favourite son of Virginia, architectural landmarks.
the largest state at the time. So, on 30 April 1789 George lnterestingly, Wren 4_the demolition and redevelopment
Washington was unanimously elected president of the United of Sl Paul's before the fire. His proposals were then dismissed.
States in the first presidential election. With 69 electoral votes, lnstead, renovation work was commissioned and 5 _
Washington won the support of each participating elector. No thought that the wooden frame surrounding the building
5_ president since has come into office with such support. likely accelerated its destruction in the blaze.

the twenty the twenty- a twenty- & five dav fve five's dav five dav's
1
fi rst
ffi twenty-first * one
D
one
1 ffi davs C m
? $^ an B a e the s
2 }{ no B none e not m nothing
3 k between m from e with s Dy
would be will be
3 &
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4 & al ready B already e a I ready m
4 & neither & both e noI ffi and proposed
orooosed orooosed orooosed
5 & others E a nother e the other * other E
A its B it's e ir'l I U it'd

TASK 6

The oldest democracy in the world

The word democracy comes from "demos". lt ls a word taken

and derived from '! --- language and means "people". The
Ancient Greeks ruled themselves and therefore the idea
persists that they 2 _ the concept a nd origina lly prod uced
a democracy so that others could do the same.

Their ideas of government origlnated around 430 B.C. making

it one of 3_democracies outthere. Though it istechnically
the oldest 4 _ record, there is some controversy about
stating that the Greeks had the oldest democracy. lt is often
said that they invented the concept, but that's not quite true.
The concept of democracy means that ALL people could vote,
and because women and slaves 5 _ vote during lhose
times, it seems less reasonable to claim that they invented
the system we know loday.

! A greek B a Greek e the Greek * Greek

had were have
2 & invented I invented
f invented
#
invented
3 A elder E older e the oldest * the eldest
& IN B on e with * Dy
were not will not be
5 A can not B
allowed to
f could
not
have
* able to
 ZN0 PRACTICE: Writing

TASK 1 TASK 4

You have received a letterfrom your pen friend in which they You have started university and now llve in a dormitory/on
write that their mum has added them as a frlend on a social campus. The price for housing is quite expensive, however
network they use. Your pen friend feels embarrassed about you are not happywiih the living conditions. Write a lelter of
the situation and is unhappy that their mum comments on complaint to the university administration rn whlch you
every new picture they post. Write an answe[ to them in
which you describe the problems you have

- say what you think about the situation and explain why - say what aclions you would like to be taken
- give your fr end some advice on how to behave in this
- mention that you expect a repiy
s'tLaf o-
Write a letter of at least 100 words. Do not use your real name
- tellthem about your experience of using social networks
or any other personaL information. Start and finish your letter
Write a letter of at least 'l 00 words. Do not write your own in an appropriate way.
name, any dates, addresses or any other personal information.
Start and finish your letter ln an appropriate way.

TASK 5

TASK 2

You've seen an online competition on a travel website. The task

is lo write an article advertising your area to foreign tourists.
You flave seen an advertisement for an online programming Write an article for lhe competitlon in which you
course. You would like to apply but first you need some more
details to help you decide. Write a letter in which you - say where you live and what means of transport can be used
to gel there
- state your reason for wriling
- describe the attractions and sights which tourists might want
- describe what experience with programming you have and to visit
ask ifyou need to prepare for the course
exp a'n where rhe Lou' srs ca^ sray
ask whai the price includes and whether they offer discounts
for students Write an article of al least'1 00 words. Start and finish vour
article in an appropriate way.
Write a letter of at least'l 00 words, Do not include any
personal information (e.g., names, dates, addresses, etc.).
Start and finish your leller ln an appropriate way,
TASK 6

ESSAY
You believe thal the quality of lood in the school canteen could
TASK 3 :-- be improved by providing more healthy options. Write a letter
lo the head teacher in which you
Some people spend their whole llfe ln one piace. Others - describe the food offered by the canteen at the momenl and
move often, looking for a better 1ob, house, living conditions why you and your friends are dissatisfied with it
or climate. Wrile an opinlon essay in which you
- give your ideas on how the situation cou d be improved
say which you prefer (staying in one place or moving around)
and give reasons why - explain why lt's important that the students have good quality
food
- give examples, write about your friends, fami y, peopie you
know Lo suppor t your op ^io'r Wrte a letter of at least 100 words. Do not include your own
name, any dates, addresses or any other personal information.
draw a conclusion

Write an essay of at least 100 words, Start and finish in an

appropriate way.
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