Graphs with trends

Writing task 1
A. Phân tích ví dụ

 Analyse the question

Time elements: Qua khu

Overall trends:
- The income of Bernie’s Buns & Robbie’s Bakery: increase
- The earnings of Lovely Loaves: decrease
- Burnie’s Buns was the least popular bakery almost all the time surveyed.

Detailed trends: miêu tả thay đổi theo dòng thời gian

Body 1: Bernie’s Buns & Robbie’s Bakery
- Bernie’s Buns:
+ started at £20,000 in 2000, just one-fourth the figure for Lovely Loaves.
+ a variation over the next three years,
+ levelled off at < £40,000 until 2006
+ during the remainder of the period: went up significantly, £65,000 in 2010.
- A similar trend was seen in the revenue for Robbie’s Bakery
+ having stable at approximately £55,000 in the first half of the decade,
+ rose sharply, reaching nearly £100,000 in 2008.
+ an increase to around £105,000 in 2010.

Body 2:

By contrast, the earnings of Lovely Loaves went in the opposite direction.

+ fluctuated around £90,000 until 2004.
+ falling dramatically to > £40,000 in 2008
+ remained stable in the last two years.

Model answer:
The line graph illustrates information about how much money was earned by three bakeries in
London, over a ten-year period between 2000 and 2010. Overall, what stands out from the graph
is that there were considerable upward trends in the income of both Bernie’s Buns and Robbie’s
Bakery, while the earnings of Lovely Loaves saw a considerable fall over the period. Another
noticeable feature is that Burnie’s Buns was the least popular bakery almost all the time
surveyed.
(Or: Lovely Loaves was the most popular bakery in 2000, but in 2010, Robbie’s Bakery earned
more money than the others.

Looking at the details, as regards Bernie’s Buns, the amount of money which was earned started
at £20,000 in 2000, just one-fourth the figure for Lovely Loaves. There was then a variation
over the next three years, at which point it levelled off at just under £40,000 until 2006. During
the remainder of the period, the figure went up significantly, finishing at around £65,000 in
2010. A similar trend was seen in the revenue for Robbie’s Bakery. Having stable at
approximately £55,000 in the first half of the decade, income then rose sharply, reaching nearly
£100,000 in 2008. This is followed by a gradual increase to around £105,000, the highest point
of the whole chart, in 2010.

By contrast, the earnings of Lovely Loaves went in the opposite direction. Takings fluctuated
around £90,000 until 2004. After that, despite falling dramatically to just over £40,000 in 2008,
the figure then remained stable in the last two years.

B. Hướng dẫn cách viết bài

I. Bố cục
* Xác định mốc thời gian: quá khứ, hiện tại, tương lai
1. Introduction: paraphrase đề bài
2. Overview
Tóm tắt tổng quan biểu đồ bằng cách chọn 2 ý chung của biểu đồ để viết ( thông thường nêu xu
hướng chung ( tăng, giảm) của biểu đồ và đưa ra 1 ý khác tiêu biểu của biểu đồ ví dụ cái nào lớn
nhất, nhỏ nhất, tăng mạnh nhất, nhẹ nhất…).
- to show an upward trend (không trích xuất số liệu)
- show a downward trend (không trích xuất số liệu)
- underwent a period of stability
- Overall, A and B decreased while/ whereas C and D increased
- A is the highest/ lowest (almost) all the time surveyed/ (almost) every year of the period

3. Body – Miêu tả từng đường/ nhóm

Miêu tả chi tiết số liệu bằng cách chọn những số liệu tiêu biểu và so sánh chúng với nhau ở các
mốc thời gian trong biểu đồ.
- Nếu đường 2 đối lập đường 1
+ By contrast,
+ In contrast,
+ On the contrary,
- Nếu đường 2 tương tự đường 1:
+ In the same way,
+ Likewise,
+ Similarly,
- Nếu đường 2 khác đường 1:
+ By comparison,
II. Ngôn ngữ sử dụng
1. Ngôn ngữ tăng/ giảm
 Công thức: Động từ + trạng từ

Động từ (thường ở dạng QKĐ)

TĂNG GIẢM TĂNG MẠNH GIẢM MẠNH Dao động
Rise => rose Fall => Fell Doubled, Halved, Fluctuate =>
Increase => increased Decrease => Decreased jumped, plummeted, fluctuated
Grow => grew Decline => Declined rocketed, shot plunged. Vary => varied
up, soared,
Go up => went up Drop => dropped
surged.
Improve => improved Go down => went down
Recover => recovered Dip => dipped

Trạng từ
MẠNH NHẸ SẮC THÁI KHÁC
Sharply Slightly Steadily: đều đặn
Rapidly Gently Gradually: từ từ
quickly Marginally Suddenly: đột ngột
Dramatically Negligibly Considerably: đáng kể
Significantly
Markedly

=> Động từ + trạng từ + số liệu

2 cách trích xuất số liệu:
- from X to Y tăng từ X đến Y
- by Z: tăng thêm Z%
Ex: Between 2000 and 2015, the population of Hanoi increased dramatically from 6
million to 8 million people.
= Between 2000 and 2015, the population of Hanoi increased dramatically by 2 million
people

 Công thức: cụm danh từ

Danh từ
TĂNG GIẢM DAO ĐỘNG
A rise A fall A fluctuation
An increase A decrease A variation
A growth A decline
A soar A plummet
A jump A plunge
A surge A drop
A recovery A dip

Tính từ
MẠNH NHẸ SẮC THÁI KHÁC
Sharp Slight Steady: đều đặn
Rapid Gentle Gradual: từ từ
quick Sudden: đột ngột
Dramatic Considerable: đáng kể
Significant
Marked
steep

 Công thức
Động từ + a/an + tính từ + danh từ + trích xuất số liệu
 Động từ: witnessed – underwent – experienced: trải qua
Ex: The population of Hanoi witnessed a significant rise from 3 million to 4
million people in the year 1995
  A significant rise of 1 million people in the population of Hanoi was witnessed/
seen in 1995.
 There was a sharp increase in the proportion of people who visited London in
2000

2. Xu hướng ổn định
- To remain stable
- To experience a period of stability
- To vary insignificantly
- To remain (relatively) constant
- to level off (noun: a levelling-off)

3. Một số cụm quan trọng

- to show an upward trend (không trích xuất số liệu)
- show a downward trend (không trích xuất số liệu)
- to hit the lowest point at X: đạt điểm thấp nhất tại X
- to hit the highest point at X: đạt điểm cao nhất tại X
- to reach a peak of X: đạt đỉnh cao nhất tại X
- to peak at X: đạt đỉnh cao nhất tại X

4. Diễn đạt thời gian

Between 1999 and 2009
From 1999 to 2009
After 1999
In 1999 = in the year 1999
Until 2000/ the year 2000s
During the same period
The next 20 years
Over (=during) the following 20 years
In just 10 years from 2000 to 2010
During the remainder of the year: trong thời gian còn lại của năm
During the first half of this century
In the period from 1960 to 1990 = In the period between 1960 and 1990
From that time on: từ tgian đó trở đi
Throughout the nineteenth century: trong suốt thế kỉ 19

5. Các các cấu trúc câu thường dùng – connecting sentences

 Before/after + Ving, S + V + Adv
Before increasing sharply, the proportion of cars in the UK decreased gradually.

 S + V + Adv, Then V + more Adv (the same direction)

 The number of people who went to the cinema in 2010 increased slightly, and then more sharply
in the next 5 years

 S + V + Adv, but then V + more Adv (the opposite directions)

The number of people who went to the cinema increased slightly in 2010, but (it) then decreased
quickly in the next 5 years

 Having Pii, S+Ved

Increasing slightly in 2010, the number of people who went to the cinema then fell sharply by
2000 people 5 years later.

 Despite Ving, S+V

Despite falling sharply to just above 80,000 dollars in 2008, the figure then rose in 2010.

 There was a/an + adj + N, which was followed by a/an adj + N

In 2005, there was a slight decrease in the number of people who used the internet, which was
followed by a sharp increase of 5,000 users.

6. Paraphrase

Paraphrase

The graph The line graph/the bar chart/ the pie chart

Show Illustrate/compare/ give information about/ describe/indicate

Trends in Changes in

Information about Data on/ figures for

Percentage (%) Proportion/rate

The percentage/
The figure for
proportion of

Between 2000 and 2010/ over a period of 10 years, over a 10-

From 2000 to 2010
year period

Over/ throughout the

From 2000 to 2010/ between 2000 and 2010
period shown
 The consumption of meat/ the amount of
Meat consumption
meat consumed by Americans/ People in the US consumed

People in the US Americans/ people who come from the US

In Viet Nam, Thailand,

In four different countries
China and Japan

Meat production (dạng How to produce meat/ the process of producing meat/ how
process) meat is produced

Chú ý: đây là một số cụm thường dùng, trong quá trình các bạn ôn tập, các bạn nên lập
một bảng tương tự gặp cụm nào thì ghi chú thêm vào bảng để nhớ lâu hơn và áp dụng linh
hoạt những cụm các bạn ghi chú.

III. Paraphrase các chủ điểm chính trong Ielts Writing task 1.
1. Chi tiền cho cái gì đó:
 The spending on = The expenditure on
 The amount/proportion of money which was spent on food = The amount/proportion of
money spent on food
 The amount/proportion of money which was used/allocated for food = The
amount/proportion of money used/allocated for food
 The amount/proportion of money which was paid for food = The amount/proportion of
money paid for food
 Invest money in st
 Expend money for st/ use money for
Examples:
 The graph shows the spending on housing, food and healthcare in France from 1998 to
2005.
 The percentage of money paid for beef by Americans was only 5%.
 Cars accounted for the highest proportion of money spent by Americans in 2010.
2. Tiêu thụ cái gì đó
 The consumption of Beef in the US
 The US beef consumption
 The amount/proportion of beef consumed/eaten by Americans
 The amount/proportion of beef which was consumed/eaten by Americans
Examples:
 The graph shows the consumption of beef and pork by people in the US between 1960 and
2000.
 The line graph illustrates the amount of beef and pork consumed by Americans over a
period of 40 years.
 In 2005, the amount of oil consumed by people in the UK was highest, at 35 million tons.
 Over the next, 10 years, the US fish consumption rose remarkably to 10 million tons.
3. Khí Thải CO2/Waste
 The generation of CO2 – CO2 generation – CO2 emissions
 The amount/percentage of CO2 which was generated/ produced/ released/ emitted from/by
---
 The amount/percentage of CO2 generated/ produced/ released/ emitted from/by ---
Examples:
 The average amount of CO2 generated in the UK increased moderately from 2003 to 2004.
 A slight increase was recorded in the figure for CO2 emissions in the UK between 2000
and 2001.
4. Thất nghiệp : Unemployment
 The proportion/percentage/rate of unemployment
 The unemployment rate
 The level of unemployment
 The level of joblessness
 The proportion/percentage/rate/number of people who were unemployed
 The proportion/percentage/rate/number of unemployed people
 The proportion of people without work
Examples:
 The percentage of unemployment in Germany rose significantly to 8% in 2007.
 Unemployment rates for both groups were higher in Ha noi than in Ho chi minh city.
5. Nhóm Tuổi
 The percentage/proportion/number of people aged 60-70
 The percentage/proportion/number of people who were 60-70
 The percentage/proportion/number of 60-70-year-olds
 The percentage/proportion/number of 60-70-year-old people
 The figure for those in their sixties

B. Thực hành làm bài

1. Line graph
The graph below shows trends in US meat and poultry consumption. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.
  Analyse the question

Time elements: Qua khu

Overall trends:
- beef and pork: decreased; broilers and turkey: increased
- beef: most popular

Detailed trends:
Body 1: Beef & pork
 Beef
- In 1955, beef - most consumed meat - around 58 pounds
- increased - 90 pounds in 1976
- decreasing by around 40 pounds in 2012
 Pork
- fluctuated between about 38 and 55 pounds from 1955 to 2000
- just over 40 pounds per capita in 2012.

Body 2: broilers & turkey

 broilers
- 1961: broilers - just about 15 pounds.
- rose - 60 pounds in 2009
 - went down by 5 pounds over the next 3 years, but still became the highest figure at the
end of the period.
 Turkey
- a stable growth from roughly 5 to over 10 pounds
- was the lowest throughout the 57-year period.

Answer:

The line graph compares the amount of beef, pork, broilers and turkey consumed by
Americans between 1955 and 2012. Overall, the amount of beef and pork consumed
in the US decreased while the figures for broilers and turkey increased over the whole
period. Another noticeable feature is that beef was by far the most popular of the four
types of meat in almost every year of the 57-year period/ almost all the time surveyed.

In 1955, beef was the most consumed meat with around 58 pounds per person per
year. Thereafter, beef consumption increased sharply to a peak of 90 pounds in 1976
before decreasing gradually by around 40 pounds in 2012. Meanwhile, US pork
consumption fluctuated between about 38 and 55 pounds from 1955 to 2000 and
reached just over 40 pounds per capita in 2012.

Starting in 1961, the yearly consumption of broilers stood at just about 15 pounds.
This figure which rose remarkably to peak at 60 pounds in 2009, then went down
slightly by 5 pounds over the next 3 years, but still became the highest figure at the
end of the period. Likewise, a stable growth from roughly 5 to over 10 pounds was
recorded in the data for turkey. Turkey consumption by people was the lowest
throughout the 57-year period.

2. Bar chart

The chart shows the proportion of renewable energy in total energy supply/consumption in 4
countries from 1997 to 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.
The bar chart compares the percentage of renewable energy per overall energy consumption in
Australia, Sweden, Iceland and Turkey between 1997 and 2010.

Overview: Viết 1 câu thể hiện sự tăng giảm và 1 câu nói 1 đặc điểm nổi bật khác

It is clear that the proportion of renewable energy in Sweden and Iceland increased while the
figures for Australia and Turkey decreased over the period of 13 years. In addition, People in
Iceland consumed a higher percentage of renewable energy than in other countries.

Body 1: Gộp 2 nước Australia và Sweden so sánh với nhau

In 1997, Sweden saw the lowest percentage of energy which was renewable, with only around
7%, then it rose slightly to just under 10% in 2010. By contrast, the figure for Australia declined
steadily from about 9% to 3% during the same period of time.

Body 2: Gộp 2 nước còn lại so sánh với nhau

The proportion of sustainable energy consumption in Iceland was the highest among the four
nations in 1997 with almost 50%, about 9 times the figure for Sweden. It then went up
remarkably to reach a peak of the whole line graph, over 70% in 2007. In comparison, the
consumption of renewable energy by Turkish increased gently from 37% to roughly 40%
between 1997 and 2000, reaching the highest point of its own during the 13-year period. By
contrast, 10 years later, renewable energy in Turkey fell down slightly by about 7%, falling to
33% at the end of the period.

3. Pie charts
2 năm (1987 & 2007): có thể dùng so sánh/ xu hướng (50% vs 50%)

Ví dụ:
Cách 1 (diễn đạt xu hướng): In 1987, there was 21% of students who decided to study at the
university because of its quality resources, which declined slightly to 17% over the next 20
years.

Cách 2 (so sánh): In 1987, there was 21% of students who decided to study at the university
because of its quality resources, which was 4% greater than the figure for 2007.