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What Is OOPS?: 1) Class

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and their interactions to design applications and computer programs. OOP concepts include classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. Java is an example of an object-oriented programming language that incorporates these concepts.

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153 views

What Is OOPS?: 1) Class

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and their interactions to design applications and computer programs. OOP concepts include classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. Java is an example of an object-oriented programming language that incorporates these concepts.

Uploaded by

Rowena Balais
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is OOPS?

Object-Oriented Programming System (OOPs) is a programming concept


that works on the principles of abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and
polymorphism. It allows users to create objects they want and create methods
to handle those objects. The basic concept of OOPs is to create objects, re-
use them throughout the program, and manipulate these objects to get
results.
OOP meaning “Object Oriented Programming” is a popularly known and
widely used concept in modern programming languages like Java.

List of OOPs Concepts in Java with Examples


The following are general OOPs concepts in Java:

1) Class
The class is one of the Basic concepts of OOPs which is a group of similar
entities. It is only a logical component and not the physical entity. Lets
understand this one of the OOPs Concepts with example, if you had a class
called “Expensive Cars” it could have objects like Mercedes, BMW, Toyota,
etc. Its properties(data) can be price or speed of these cars. While the
methods may be performed with these cars are driving, reverse, braking etc.

2) Object
An object can be defined as an instance of a class, and there can be multiple
instances of a class in a program. An Object is one of the Java OOPs
concepts which contains both the data and the function, which operates on
the data. For example – chair, bike, marker, pen, table, car, etc.

3) Inheritance
Inheritance is one of the Basic Concepts of OOPs in which one object
acquires the properties and behaviors of the parent object. It’s creating a
parent-child relationship between two classes. It offers robust and natural
mechanism for organizing and structure of any software.

4) Polymorphism
Polymorphism refers to one of the OOPs concepts in Java which is the ability
of a variable, object or function to take on multiple forms. For example, in
English, the verb run has a different meaning if you use it with a laptop, a foot
race, and business. Here, we understand the meaning of run based on the
other words used along with it. The same also applied to Polymorphism.

5) Abstraction
Abstraction is one of the OOP Concepts in Java which is an act of
representing essential features without including background details. It is a
technique of creating a new data type that is suited for a specific application.
Lets understand this one of the OOPs Concepts with example, while driving a
car, you do not have to be concerned with its internal working. Here you just
need to concern about parts like steering wheel, Gears, accelerator, etc.

6) Encapsulation
Encapsulation is one of the best Java OOPs concepts of wrapping the data
and code. In this OOPs concept, the variables of a class are always hidden
from other classes. It can only be accessed using the methods of their current
class. For example – in school, a student cannot exist without a class.

7) Association
Association is a relationship between two objects. It is one of the OOP
Concepts in Java which defines the diversity between objects. In this OOP
concept, all objects have their separate lifecycle, and there is no owner. For
example, many students can associate with one teacher while one student
can also associate with multiple teachers.

8) Aggregation
In this technique, all objects have their separate lifecycle. However, there is
ownership such that child object can’t belong to another parent object. For
example consider class/objects department and teacher. Here, a single
teacher can’t belong to multiple departments, but even if we delete the
department, the teacher object will never be destroyed.

9) Composition
Composition is a specialized form of Aggregation. It is also called “death”
relationship. Child objects do not have their lifecycle so when parent object
deletes all child object will also delete automatically. For that, let’s take an
example of House and rooms. Any house can have several rooms. One room
can’t become part of two different houses. So, if you delete the house room
will also be deleted.
Advantages of OOPs (Object-Oriented
Programming System):
 OOPs Concepts in Java offer easy to understand and a clear modular
structure for programs.
 Objects created for Object-Oriented Programs can be reused in other
programs. Thus it saves significant development cost.
 Large programs are difficult to write, but if the development and
designing team follow OOPS concepts, then they can better design with
minimum flaws.
 It enhances program modularity because every object exists
independently.

Comparison of OOPS with other programming


styles with help of an Example
Let’s understand with example how Java OOPs Concepts are different than
other programming approaches.

Programming languages can be classified into 3 primary types

1. Unstructured Programming Languages: The most primitive of all


programming languages having sequentially flow of control. Code is
repeated through out the program
2. Structured Programming Languages: Has non-sequentially flow of
control. Use of functions allows for re-use of code.
3. Object Oriented Programming Languages: Combines Data & Action
Together.

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