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ICFinal 2018

Final Exam - ME439 IC Engines

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15 views

ICFinal 2018

Final Exam - ME439 IC Engines

Uploaded by

darthmani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name:

National University of Sciences and Technology


College of E&ME (Department of Mechatronics)
Final Examination(DE-37 MTS)

Subject Code: ME439 Subject: Internal Combustion Engines


Date: January 25, 2019 Timing: 0900-1200 hrs
Time Limit: 3 hours Max Marks: 100
Instructor: Lec. Usman Asad

Instructions:
Students are allowed to carry a set of thermodynamic Tables. Question papers must be
attached with the answer sheet.

1. (10 points) Mark box if true.


Time duration of injection in a CI Engine is less than that in an SI Engine.
The inlet pressure is more than atmospheric pressure when the engine is idling
Crevice volume is on the order of only 1-3% of the total clearance volume
Fuel injection pressure in CI engines is greater than injection pressure of Port
Injection SI engines
Gasoline fuels generally have a higher sulfur content than diesel fuels.
Back flow of exhaust gases in to the intake manifold during the valve overlap
period happens more in turbocharger/supercharged engines
For one mole of oxygen in dry air, there are 4.76 moles of nitrogen
Thermal convertors are used to reduce CO, HC and NOx emissions.
Many techniques used to reduce Hydrocarbon emissions result in an increase
of NOx emissions.
Only small quantities of Ethanol and Methanol can be mixed in gasoline with-
out altering the engine.
2. (10 points) Fill in the blanks
(a) Blowby past the piston rings can cause
and
(b) The main macro mass motion within the cylinder is a rotational motion called

(c) The pipes of the intake manifold that provide air (and fuel) to individual cylinders
are called
(d) Valve lift is typically in the range of
(e) To maximize volumetric efficiency and power, at higher engine speeds the intake
valve should be opened (earlier/later) than normal and closed
(earlier/later) than normal.
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(f) Octane number requirements of an engine as the engine becomes


older.
(g) After-coolers are not needed on superchargers used on CI engines, because there is
no concern about
(h) is a radial motion towards the center-line of the cylinder
3. (34 points) Provide answers to the following
(a) (10 points) Explain the phenomenon of knocking in SI Engines. Summarize the
CLO2/PLO1→ factors that influence engine knock.
(b) (5 points) What is turbo lag? How can turbo lag be reduced?
(c) (5 points) Summarize how is the Cetane Number of a fuel established?
(d) (5 points) Explain how stratification in Gasoline Direct Injection improves fuel
CLO3/PLO2→ economy at Idle and low engine loads?
(e) (5 points) What Happens in the Interval of ignition delay? Is the ignition delay
larger for straight chain hydrocarbons or branched hydrocarbons?
(f) (4 points) Why are accelerator pumps used in Carburetors?
4. (46 points) A CI Engine with a Swept Volume per cylinder Vd = 450cm3 is running at its
maximum speed of 6000 RPM. The volumetric efficiency is ηv = 0.95. The combustion
efficiency is The compression ratio, rc = 18. The bore to stroke ratio is Rbs = 1.1 The
engine operates on n-cetane (C16 H34 ) having a specific gravity of 0.77. The equivalence
ratio φ = 1 The inlet conditions are P1 = 100kP a T1 = 313K
(a) (8 points) Estimate the bore, stroke and mean piston speed (in m/s). What will
CLO4/PLO3→ be the minimum area required for the inlet valve.
(b) (6 points) Estimate the Ignition Delay (in degrees and seconds)
(c) (8 points) The engine has a fuel injector with a discharge coefficient of 0.4 and
nozzle diameter of 0.1 mm. Estimate the injection pressure [in MPa] so that 40%
of the required fuel is injected before self-ignition. For this part, you can use the
CLO4/PLO3→ results of part (b) or just assume an ignition delay of 13 degrees.
(d) (6 points) Find the heat of reaction during the stoichiometric combustion of the
fuel with dry air. Assume the products and reactants are at T = 298K for this
part. The heat of formation of n-cetane is 450,000 kJ/kmol. Assume water in the
reactants is vapor. Hence compute the Lower Heating Value of the fuel QHV in
kJ/kg
(e) (14 points) Assume that the engine operates on Dual Cycle. The mass of fuel
injected before self-ignition is consumed at constant volume, while the remainder is
consumed at constant pressure. Estimate the indicated power and thermal efficiency
of the engine. For this part, you can use the results of part (d), or just assume a
CLO1/PLO2→ combustion efficiency of ηc = 0.95 and QLHV = 44000 kJ/kg.
(f) (4 points) Compute the indicated mean effective pressure, in kPa.

Good luck, have fun

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