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LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

Các bạn học viên yêu quý,

Chúng tôi xin dành trang sách đầu tiên này gửi lời cảm ơn đến các bạn học viên vì đã
đặt niềm tin vào Học viện Anh ngữ quốc tế ABIT. Hi vọng chúng ta sẽ sát cánh cùng
nhau đi tới cuối chặng đường chinh phục IELTS.

Thân mến!

-Tập thể giảng viên và trợ giảng-

Tài liệu sử dụng giáo trình của các NXB CAMBRIDGE, MAC MILLAN, LONGMAN và
OXFORD.

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CONTENTS
LESSON 1 .......................................................................................................................... 3
LESSON 2 ........................................................................................................................ 18
LESSON 3 ........................................................................................................................ 32
LESSON 4 ........................................................................................................................ 41
LESSON 5 ........................................................................................................................ 56
LESSON 6 ........................................................................................................................ 66
LESSON 7 ........................................................................................................................ 79
LESSON 8 ........................................................................................................................ 91
LESSON 10......................................................................................................................100
LESSON 11......................................................................................................................116
LESSON 12......................................................................................................................121
LESSON 13......................................................................................................................130
LESSON 14......................................................................................................................135
LESSON 15......................................................................................................................156
LESSON 16......................................................................................................................163
LESSON 17......................................................................................................................170

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LESSON 1

GRAMMAR: Nouns & articles

SKILL: Listening – Form completion

[NOUNS]

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EXERCISE 1: Decide whether the following English nouns are countable or not

confusion roof traffic pain behavious knife cutlery

freedom mouth peace luck permission ox work

salmon crisis baggage research aircraft rubbish

EXERCISE 2: Complete the phrases below with words in the box.

advice chocolate jam lemonade meat

milk oil rice tea tennis

1. a piece of _____
2. a packet of _____
3. a bar of _____
4. a glass of _____
5. a cup of _____
6. a bottle of _____
7. a slice of _____

8. a barrel of _____
9. a game of _____
10. a jar of _____

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[ARTICLES]

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EXERCISE 1: Complete the sentences with a, an, the or X (no article)

1. Can you play _____ musical instrument? I play _____ piano and guitar.

2. Do you own _____ guitar? Someone left _____ old guitar sitting on the table.

3. These days, _____ apples are really expensive. And _____ lettuce costs a fortune! Why do

_____ fruit and vegetables cost so much?

4. Diana thinks _____ creativity and _____ innovation are something you can't teach, but I

disagree.

5. The environmentalist argued that _____ clean air should be _____ universal "human right".

He discussed the effects of _____ pollution on _____ human health.

7. Cheryl thinks _____ cats make the best pets, but I think _____ dogs have more personality.

9. I wish I could play _____ violin. I love string instruments like _____ violins and _____

cellos.

10. Do you have _____ bigger room in the hotel? In fact, I'd like _____ biggest room you

have available. How much would that cost _____ night?

11. Honestly, this is _____ last time I am going to tell you to clean up your room.

12. He jogs at least five times _____ week.

13. Fred always says dogs make _____ best pets.

14.We need to find _____ better way to do this.

15. Tomorrow, we will take _____ second train from Suzhou to Shanghai, and following day,

we will fly to Beijing.

16. That brand of organic coffee costs $85 _____ pound! I think I need to look for _____

cheaper

17. Last week was _____ first time that I had ever played golf.

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EXERCISE 2: Fill the gaps with a, an, the or X (no article)

Frank Crawford is ______ American citizen. He is also ______ FBI agent (and has ______ ID
card to prove it) whose qualifications include ______ M.A. and ______ Ph.D. - and he has
______ I.Q. of 160. He strongly supports ______ idea of ______ united Europe. He was
recently in London for ______ one-day conference on ______ organised crime, and he gave
______ speech which lasted ______ hour. (You can get ______ copy of his speech by
sending ______ s.a.e. to ______ address below.) When in London he always stays at ______
hotel in ______ Holland Park, near ______ Oxford Street, where he always eats ______
onion sandwich for ______ breakfast. When Frank inherited ______ fortune from ______
uncle recently, he used it to found ______ university and buy ______ x-ray machine for
______ hospital.

My aunt lived on ______ ground floor of ______ old house on ______ River Thames. She
was very much afraid of ______ burglars and always locked ______ house before she went to
______ bed. She also took ______ precaution of looking under ______ bed to see if ______
burglar was hiding there.

EXERCISE 3: 5 of the following sentences are correct, and the other 5 are missing the
article “the”. Put (√) next to the correct ones, and correct the wrong ones.

a) Martina is learning to play violin. ______

b) Jennifer is learning to play chess. ______

c)'Is this Oxford road?' said lorry driver. ______

d) John works in a shop in Park Lane. ______

e) This book consists of quotations from great philosophers. ______

f) We reached our destination at sunset. ______

g) Terry spent summer climbing in Alps. ______

h) After they had completed their work in prison, bricklayers moved to another site. ______

i) Mr. Watt refused even to visit home his relatives wanted to put him in. ______

j) History was his favourite subject at school. ______

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[LISTENING – In-class]
EXERCISE 1: You will hear a conversation between two friends planning a visit.
Predict the kind of information you will have to listen for (numbers, letters, time, name,
etc.). Then listen and complete the notes.

Sam arrives at (1) _____________ on (2) ____________________________

Airline/ Flight number: (3) ________________

EXERCISE 2: You will hear a telephone conversation in which Sam is booking a taxi.
First look at the form below and think about the kind of information you will need. Then
listen and complete the form with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR/ AND A
NUMBER for each answer.

Exam tip
You will be expected to know the spellings of common words and names. Any usual names
will be spelt out for you. An answer spelt wrongly will be marked incorrect, so get plenty of
practice before the exam.

NAME OF PASSENGER: SAM WILLIAMS

PICK-UP DATE AND TIME: Wed 6th July (1) _________________

PICK-UP POINT:

NO. & STREET: (2) __________________ WILLOWSIDE BANK

TOWN: (3) ____________________________

POSTCODE: (4) ________________________

MOBILE NUMBER: (5) 07789______________

DESTINATION: HEATHROW - TERMINAL 5

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[LISTENING – Homework]
EXERCISE 1: Listen to the recording and repeat these letters after the speaker.

Capital letters: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Small letters: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

EXERCISE 2: Listen to the recording and write down the letters.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

EXERCISE 3: Listen to the names of the places and write them down.

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16.

17. 18. 19. 20.

EXERCISE 4: Listen to the numbers and write them down.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

EXERCISE 5: Listen carefully and circle the correct numbers.

1. The student from New York bought (50 – 15) new books last week.
2. My uncle George lives at (13 – 30) King’s Road.
3. Mr. Johnson was (40 – 14) minutes late for his lecture.
4. It took (16 – 60) hours to finish his work.
5. Mary finished the test in (17 – 70) minutes.
6. My friend Alan lost (19 – 90) pounds on the first day of class.
7. I paid (80 – 18) pounds for that coat.
8. He lives at (5062 – 1562) Green Street, York.
9. Her address is (3040 – 1340) Farm Street, Brighton.
10. We bought (14 – 40) CDs last month.

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EXERCISE 6: Listen to spellings of names and then fill in the blanks below.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7.

EXERCISE 7: Listen to spellings of names and then fill in the blanks below.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7.

EXERCISE 8: Listen to spellings of names of countries and then fill in the blanks.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

EXERCISE 9: Listen to the recording and write down the times.

1. Excuse me. Can you tell me the time, please? / Yes, it’s _________________
2. Do you have the right time please? / I think it’s _________________
3. Do you know what time the next train to Leeds is, please? / Yes, it’s ___________
4. When do the banks open, please? / At _________________
5. What time does the film finish, please? / ________________
6. When did they come? / At ________________
7. What time do you finish your work today? / ________________
8. Do you know when the play finishes? / Yes, at exactly ________________
9. Excuse me, please. What time does the Glasgow train arrive?/ ________________

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10. When is the next flight to Paris? / ________________

11. What time does the Oxford train arrive? / ________________
12. When does the Tokyo flight leave? / ________________
13. What’s the next train to Liverpool? / ________________
14. What time does the London train arrive? / ________________
15. When does your mother come? / ________________
16. When does the teacher come? / ________________

EXERCISE 10: You will hear some announcements from railway stations and airports
which give information to travelers about trains and planes. For each announcement
that you hear, write in the box bellow the platform, flight number, time and destination.

Trains

Platform no. Time Destination

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Planes

Flight no. Time Destination

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

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EXERCISE 11: Listen to the following dates. As you listen, tick the correct letter A or
B.

1. When’s Lincoln’s birthday?

A. February 12th B. February 20th

2. Do you know Valentine’s Day?

A. February 15th B. February 14th
3. When’s Washington’s birthday?
A. February 23rd B. February 21st

4. Do you know when April Fool’s Day is?

A. April 1st B. April 3rd

5. When is Easter?
A. April 3rd B. April 1st

6. When is Mother’s Day?

A. May 5th B. May 8th

7. What date is Memorial Day?

A. May 13th B. May 30th

8. Do you know when Father’s Day is?

A. June 19th B. June 9th

9. Do you know when Independence Day is?\

A. July 5th B. July 4th

10. When is Friendship Day?

A. August 17th B. August 7th

11. When is Halloween?

A. October 1st B. October 31st

12. When is Thanksgiving Day?

A. November 25th B. November 24th

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EXERCISE 12: You will hear a telephone conversation between a hotel receptionist
and a caller making a reservation. Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

SILVER TULIP HOTEL

Number of nights: 1

Type of room (circle one): (1) Single / Double - twin beds / Double - king-sized bed

Name: (2)

Home address: (3) .................................................................... Avenue, Cambridge

Postcode: (4)

Transport: (5)

Meals: (6)

Date of arrival: (7)

EXERCISE 13: You will hear a conversation between a flight attendant and a
passenger completing a landing card before arriving in the UK. Complete the form.

LANDING CARD - Immigration Act 1971

Please complete clearly in English and BLOCK CAPITALS

Family name: LIU

First name(s): (1) ......................................................

Sex: Female

Date of birth: DD/MM/YYYY (2) …………………………………

Town and country of birth: SHENZHEN CHINA

Nationality: CHINESE

Occupation: STUDENT

Contact address in the UK (in full): (3) ...............................................................

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EXERCISE 14: You will hear a conversation between a secretary and a student. The
secretary is asking the student for information in order to complete an application form
for a course. As you listen, fill in the appropriate information on the form below.

Surname 1. _________________________________

(IN CAPITAL LETTERS)

First name 2. _________________________________

Country 3. _________________________________

Age 4. _________________________________

Address 5. _________________________________

Telephone No. 6. _________________________________

EXERCISE 15: You will hear a conversation between a secretary and a student. The
secretary is asking the student for information in order to complete an application form
for a course. As you listen, fill in the appropriate information on the form below.

Surname 1. _________________________________

(IN CAPITAL LETTERS)

First name 2. _________________________________

Country 3. _________________________________

Age 4. _________________________________

Address 5. _________________________________

Telephone No. 6. _________________________________

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LESSON 2
GRAMMAR: Adjectives
SKILL: Reading – MCQs / Skimming & Scanning

[ADJECTIVES]

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EXERCISE 1: Translate the words below.

a five-star hotel a short-sleeve shirt a five-minute walk a well-known writer

a seven-person lift a 40-minute lesson a ten-foot fence a three-man crew

a four-kilo fish a three-hour exam an easy-going girl a good-looking woman

second-hand things a well-written novel a badly-written book a seven-day trip

EXERCISE 2: Match the words on the left (1-15) with the ones on the right (a-o) to
form compoun adjectives.

1. second a) east
2. north b) painted
3. part c) hand
4. well d) time
5. badly e) written
6. left f) going
7. easy g) west
8. south h) side
9. two i) dollar
10. five j) person
11. high k) star
12. fifty l) looking
13. seven m) heeled
14. ten n) meter
15. good o) day

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EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences with the suitable words in the box.

good time euro going minute known kilometer storey

1. I was happy to find a ten-_______ note in the street.

2. Have you ever talked to a well-_______ person?

3. Tom is an easy- _______ person.

4. I have got a part - _______ job at the university.

5. We adore five- _______ walks in the park.

6. Helen is a ________ - looking girl.

7. The shop is in a five - _______ walk from here.

8. She lives in a five-_______ building.

EXERCISE 4: Replace the underlined words with the compound adjectives.

e.g. The story is not written well.

→ This is a badly-written story.

1. She is a famous poet.

__________________________
2. My sister, who is two years old, is very naughty.
__________________________
3. A walk of about five kilometers may be very exhausting.
__________________________
4. The Browns have bought a used car.
__________________________
5. My dress costs fifty dollars.
_________________________
6. He works only part of the day.
_________________________

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[READING – In-class]
EXERCISE 1

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EXERCISE 2

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EXERCISE 3

ARE YOU GETTING ENOUGH SLEEP?

What happens if you don't get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in the
United States, wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness
for a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for
264 hours and 12 minutes. That's eleven days and nights without sleep!

What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner
started having trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too
blurry. By the third day, he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day,
Gardner was hallucinating. For example, when he saw a street sign, he thought it was a
person. He also imagined he was a famous football player. Over the next few days, Gardner'
speech became so slurred that people couldn't understand him. He also had trouble
remembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn't pass a counting test. In the middle
of the test he simply stopped counting. He couldn't remember what he was doing.

When Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second night he
slept for twelve hours, the third night he slept for ten hours, and by the fourth night, he had
returned to his normal sleep schedule.

Even though Gardner recovered quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep can be
dangerous. They say that people should not repeat Randy's experiment. Tests on white rats
have shown how serious sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the rats
started losing their fur. And even though the rats ate more food than usual, they lost weight.
Eventually the rats died.

During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. Why? What is the
purpose of sleep? Surprisingly, scientists don't know for sure. Some scientists think we sleep
in order to replenish brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to grow and
relieve stress. Whatever the reason, we know that it is important to get enough sleep.

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VOCABULARY
1. Randy Gardner ……………. for eleven days and nights without sleep.
a. stayed awake b. lost weight c. passed a test
2. What time do you usually ………………. on Saturday night?
a. get enough sleep b. go to sleep c. stay awake
3. If you ……………. food for two days, you’ll be very hungry!
a. go without b. get enough c. eat enough
4. On weekends, Mary likes to ……………. with her husband and children.
a. have trouble b. stay awake c. spend time
5. Tomorrow’s science test will be very difficult. I hope I’ll …………… it!
a. have trouble with b. pass c. remember

QUESTIONS
1. Why did Randy Gardner design a sleep experiment?
a. He wanted to study the effects of sleeping enough.
b. He wanted to stay awake for eleven days and nights.
c. He wanted to study the effects of going without sleep.
2. What are two things that happened to Randy during his sleep experiment?
a. He passed a counting test and met a famous football player.
b. He hallucinated and couldn’t pass a counting test.
c. He read a long book and walked into a street sign.
3. How long did it take Randy to recover from his sleep experiment?
a. Randy returned to his normal sleep schedule on the fourth night.
b. Randy returned to his normal sleep schedule in a week.
c. Randy never returned to his normal sleep schedule.
4. According to scientists, what is the purpose of sleep?
a. Scientists have never studied the purpose of sleep.
b. Scientists aren’t sure about the purpose of sleep. However, some scientists think
sleep helps the body to grow and relieve stress.
c. Scientists believe that sleep helps us forget our problems.
5. What happened to the rats after a few weeks without sleep?
a. They started losing their fur.
b. They put on weight.
c. They ate less.

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[READING – Homework]
EXERCISE 1: Read the text below and then answer the questions.

THE VALUE OF FRIENDSHIP

Recent research into the world of teenagers has suggested that they value friendship
above everything else. Children aged between 12 and 15 were asked what was important
to them. Their answers included possessions such as money and computer gadgets but
also relationships with people. The teenagers questioned said that friends were the most
important to them, more even than family, or boyfriends and girlfriends.

We wanted to find out more about the results of this research so we asked our readers
what they thought about the value of friendship. Here are some examples of what they said
about their friends:

Ben, 15:
Every time I have a fight with my parents, I need some time on my own.
But after that, the first thing I do is meet up with my friends. After playing
football for a while, or skateboarding, I usually feel much happier again.

Roy, 13:
When I moved to a village in the countryside, I thought that it would be
the end of my friendships. But my old friends have kept in touch and they
come and visit in the holidays. There’s a lake nearby, so we often go
sailing, water – skiing or windsurfing. And I have made some new friends
here too, at school, and since I joined the rugby club.

Carlos, 11:
Last year, I broke my arm on a skiing holiday. Unfortunately, it was my
left arm and I am left- handed. My school friends all helped and copied
their notes for me.

It seems that our readers value their friendship very highly. From what they told us, they
spend a lot of time with their friends, just hanging out, or sharing hobbies and interests.
They seem to need their friends for advice, help, chats, and for having fun. Clearly, friends
make each other feel better. Looking at what our readers told us, the results of the recent
research are not really surprising.

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• What is the text about?

• Why was the text written?

• What kind of person would be interested in this article?

• Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

1 Why are Ben, Rory and Carlos mentioned in the article?
A They are at the same age
B They gave information about themselves
C They read magazines
D They are teenage boys
2 Which of the following best describes Ben?
A He often has fights
B He likes being alone
C He is happier than his friends
D He likes some sports
3 What do we know about the lake that Rory visits?
A It is near the school
B It is near his home
C It is used by a lot of people who do water sports
D It is very quiet
4 Carlos mentions that he is left – handed because …
A it makes skiing harder
B it makes it worse that he broke the arm he uses most
C he is right - handed
D It is very unfortunate when you break your left arm
5 The answers to recent researcher and the answers from the readers…
A were surprising
B were not the same
C were similar
D were both about sports

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EXERCISE 2: Read the following text and fill in the table. What events happened in
the following years?
Year Event
1. 1891

2. 1377

3. The 500s

4. The 1600s

FOOD FIRSTS
How much do you know about the history of some of your
favorite you know when people in England started cooking
curry dishes? Do know in which country pizzas or
hamburgers were first made? The facts might surprise you.

Many people think the English found out about curry from people in India in the 1600s. In
reality, wealthy English people were eating dishes made with curry
spices hundreds of years before British ships traveled to India. Cooks of wealthy
English families during the time of King Richard I were making curry dishes, and in
fact, the word “curry” can be found in an English language cookbook as far back as
1377.

As for pizza, this dish was probably first made in Persia (what is now Iran).
The Persians were eating round, flat bread with cheese in the 500s. That was nearly
1,000 years before pizza caught on in Naples, Italy!

Finally, let’s look at the truth behind hamburgers. Many people think hamburgers are an
American food. However, according to some stories, hamburgers came from Hamburg,
Germany. A German named Otto Kuasw created the first hamburger in 1891. Four years
later, German sailors introduced hamburgers to Americans.

Where foods come from isn’t nearly as important as how they taste; as long as they are
delicious! So, go get some of your favorite food and dig in.

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EXERCISE 3: Read the text below and answer the questions.

It is said that most people have no more than 30 friends at any given time, and 400 over the
whole of their lives. However, on social networking sites, most users have about 150 friends.
If these numbers are correct, then friendship means different things in different situations.

One of the reasons for having more online friends than real friends at a certain point in time is
that online friendships do not require much time and energy: it is easy to accept
friendships and keep them forever. Another possibility is that it is difficult to say 'no' when
somebody asks us to be their friend online, even if we feel we don't really know them. The fact
that they ask us suggests that they do consider us a friend, which is a nice
feeling. Alternatively, they may be 'collectors' of online friends and just want to use us to get a
higher number of friends and appear to be popular.

Online friendships are quite easy, but in the real world decisions about friendships are harder
to make. There are no rules about friendship. There are no guidelines about how to make
friends, how to keep friendships going, and how to finish friendships if we want to move
on. People have very different opinions about this: some people would die for their friends
and they value them more than family. Others say that friends are temporary, only there to
help each other until they are no longer needed. If people with such different views become
friends, this can lead to problems.

Because of these different definitions of friendship, it is easy to be unhappy about our

friendships. We may want them to be deeper or closer, or we may want to have more friends
in our lives. Sometimes we simply do not have the time to develop our friendships, or we fear
we have left it too late in life to start. If we move to another country or city, we have to find
ways to make new friends again.

This dissatisfaction shows us how important friendships are for most of us. We should not
think that it could be too late to build friendships. We also need to understand that the need to
be around other people is one that is shared by many. Therefore, we should not be too
frightened about starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends: it is likely
that they too would like to get closer to us. Remember what people say: strangers are friends
we have not met yet.

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1. How many friends do the majority of people probably have?

A. 30 real friends or fewer
B. a minimum of 30 real friends
C. 150 internet friends
D. 400 internet friends over the course of their lives

2. It is difficult ...
A. to believe the numbers about friendship.
B. to keep your friends happy.
C. to trust what you read on social networking sites.
D. to give a definition of 'friendship'.

3. Friendship means ...

A. different things to different people.
B. dying for your friends if you need to.
C. helping each other until it is no longer necessary.
D. accepting people with different views

4. Sometimes people worry because ...

A. they think that they have too many friends.
B. they spend too much time with friends
C. they think they are too old to make friends.
D. there are no guidelines about friendship

5. Most of us …
A. are dissatisfied with our friends.
B. build friendships late in life.
C. are frightened to talk to strangers.
D. need to be with others.

6. What does 'Strangers are friends we have not met yet' mean?
A. We have not met strangers before.
B. We should not talk to strangers.
C. Strangers are also our friends.
D. Strangers may become our friends.

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EXERCISE 4: Read the text below and answer the questions.

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF FAME

Until the beginning of the 1990s western psychologists had not systematically studied the
human desire to be famous. However, in the few years up to this time the amount of celebrity
news in the media had been increasing dramatically. Scientists at various US universities then
started to investigate the reasons why some humans seem to be driven to become famous,
while others have no interest in attracting the limelight. Extensive research with people from
different cultures led to the conclusion that people who desire fame are not the same people
who want to be rich. The former group may have some desire for social acceptance based on
previous experiences in their lives, it seems that many of these people used to find it difficult
to make friends when they were younger or they didn’t use to receive praise or recognition
from their parents. The psychologists believe that it is likely that these people would often
demand attention from others as teenagers and this desire has remained in adulthood and is
now expressed as a longing to be famous. Conversely, those who want to be rich are much
more focused on the future than the past; in contrast to the former group, the study found that
many of this group had learned from their parents that success is generated by hard work and
that their friends and family had always encouraged them to strive for the best in life. These
conclusions suggest that there is a link between our upbringing and how we measure our
success.
For question 1, choose TWO letters A-E.

1 What reasons do scientists give to explain why some people may want to be famous?
A Because they didn’t have many friends when they were children.
B They want to copy celebrities they see in the media.
C They did not receive enough attention from their parents in their youth.
D So that they can be rich in the future.
E They had a desire to please their parents.

For questions 2 and 3, choose ONE answer from the letters a-d.

2 What did the scientists do in order to reach their conclusions?

a They analysed the increase in celebrity news in the media.
b They surveyed culturally diverse sections of population.
c They investigated different universities.
d They interviewed psychologists.

3 In the study, how were the people who want to be rich different from those who want
to be famous?
a Their parents helped them to be successful.
b People close to them had urged them to do well.
c They measured their success by focusing on the future.
d Their parents taught them about business.

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LESSON 3
GRAMMAR: Verbs
SKILL: Listening – Map-labelling

[VERBS]
(1) Verbs + “to-infinitive”
- I can’t afford to buy that car.
- I expect to see him today.

(2) Verbs + “V_ing”

- He admitted causing the accident.
- Jenny gave up finding her pen.

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(3) Either form with the same meaning

Some verbs can take either a “to-infinitive” or “-ing” form with almost no difference in meaning:

begin, bother, can't bear, cease, commence, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer,

propose, start.

- I hate to leave/ hate leaving everything to the last minute.

- When the President appeared, the crowd began to cheer/ began cheering.

- We intend to take/intend taking immediate action.

(4) Either form but different meanings

• Remember/ Forget

Did you remember to turn off the electricity?

Don’t forget to meet him tonight .

I'll never forget holding her hands.

I don't know I can't remember turning it off.

• Regret

We regret to inform you that your application has been unsuccessful.

I regret wasting so much time last year.

• Try

I'm trying to light a fire, but this wood won't burn.

Why don't you try pouring some petrol on it?

• Stop

At the next service she stopped to buy a newspaper.

You should stop dreaming.

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[ADVERBS]

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[LISTENING – In-class]
EXERCISE 1: Sometimes there is more than one word to describe the same position,
for example: beside, by, next to. In each group of words, circle the preposition or
phrase that DOES NOT belong to the group.

1 on top of, into, over, above 4 behind, opposite, in front of, facing

2 next to, far away, nearby, close to 5 beside, next to, between, at the side of

3 outside, inside, within, into

EXERCISE 2: Read the description of a university campus and label the buildings on
the plan.

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EXERCISE 3: Look at the map of the university campus. You will hear 5 sets of
directions to a certain place. As you listen, follow the directions carefully then write the
letters next to the names of the places below.

1. Administration Building __________

2. Bookstore __________

3. Tennis Club __________

4. Computer Centre __________

5. Cafeteria __________

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[LISTENING – Homework]

EXERCISE 1: Listen to two students talking about the different food outlets on a
university campus and label the plan below.

A Fast food hall

B Snack bar
C Mexican restaurant
D College dining room
E Italian restaurant

EXERCISE 2: You will hear Lily explaining to Chen how to use the library. Label the
plan of the library.

A PC Zone
B Library Cafe
C Cookbooks
D Travel
E Silent zone

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EXERCISE 3: Listen to the talk and fill in the missing information in the right places.
SPORTS WHERE
Water sports, (1) _________________ and
On the lakes, rivers and coastlines
(2) _________________
(3) _____________, (4) _____________ and
In the landscape
(5) _____________
Football, (6) _______________,
(8) _____________
(7) _____________
Squash, (9) _____________,
Indoors
(10) _____________

EXERCISE 4: How do you get to room F from the main hall? Complete these
directions with words from the box. There is one word you do not need, and there is
one word you will need to use twice.

end first follow leave left opposite pass right second turn

(1) _________ the main hall by the door (2) _________ reception and (3) _________ left. (4)
_________ the corridor until you (5) _________ room J, and turn (6) _________. At the (7)
_________ of the corridor, turn (8) _________. Room F is through the (9) _________ door on
your (10) _________.

Now listen and label the plans. Write the correct letter (A-K) next to Questions 1-5.

1. Administration office _________

2. Café _________
3. Student common room _________
4. Lockers _________
5. Library _________

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EXERCISE 5: Listen and lable the map below using words in the box.

lecture halls humanities student newspaper sociology student computing museum

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EXERCISE 6: Listen and lable the plan using the words in the box.

kitchen bedroom living room dining room bathroom corridor balcony

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LESSON 4
GRAMMAR: Present tenses
SKILL: Reading – Note/Flow-chart completion

[PRESENT TENSES]

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EXERCISE 1: Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate
tense (present simple or present continuous)

A TREKKING JOURNAL

November 12, 1997

Today (be) _________ the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I am exhausted
and my legs (shake) _________; I just hope I am able to complete the trek. My feet (kill,
really) _________ me and my toes (bleed) _________, but I (want, still) _________ to
continue.

Nepal is a fascinating country, but I have a great deal to learn. Everything (be) _________ so
different, and I (try) _________ to adapt to the new way of life here. I (learn) _________ a
little bit of the language to make communication easier; unfortunately, I (learn, not)
_________ foreign languages quickly. Although I (understand, not) _________ much yet, I
believe that I (improve, gradually) _________.

I (travel, currently) _________ with Liam, a student from Leeds University in England. He (be)
_________ a nice guy, but impatient. He (walk, always) _________ ahead of me and
(complain) _________ that I am too slow. I (do) _________ my best to keep up with him, but
he is younger and stronger than I am. Maybe, I am just feeling sorry for myself because I am
getting old.

Right now, Liam (sit) _________ with the owner of the inn. They (discuss) _________ the
differences between life in England and life in Nepal. I (know, not) _________ the real name
of the owner, but everybody (call, just) _________ him Tam. Tam (speak) _________ English
very well and he (try) _________ to teach Liam some words in Nepali. Every time Tam (say)
_________ a new word, Liam (try) _________ to repeat it. Unfortunately, Liam (seem, also)
_________ to have difficulty learning foreign languages. I just hope we don't get lost and have
to ask for directions.

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EXERCISE 2: Complete with the present perfect and the given words.

1. Mr Jones ________________________________ (not arrive/yet) .

2. I ___________________________ (call/just) the police. I ___________________________
(hear) a very strange noise outside.
3. I ___________________________ (go/never) to Disneyland, but I would like to.
4. ____________________________________ you (see/ever) a white elephant? No I
______________________________ one (see/never)
5. She ______________________________________ (not finish/yet), but she
___________________________ me (just/phone) saying that she only has one more patient.
6. She ________________________________________ on holiday (just/go) and
___________________________ (not leave) any message for you.
7. I ___________________________ you (tell/already) that I do not want an appointment with
them.

EXERCISE 3: Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

for since already yet just ever never

1. Have you ____________ swum under the moon?

2. She hasn't arrived ____________?

3. I have ____________ baked the cake. It's warm and delicious.

4. I have ____________ travelled to Asia. I haven't got the money.

5. We have stayed here ____________ Christmas. We wanted to see my parents.

6. We have ____________ paid for everything, you don't need to pay.

7. Jenny is back, but she has stayed in bed ____________ a couple of days.

8. Have you finished your shower ____________? I want to brush my teeth.

9. Margaret has been the leader ____________ she arrived.

10. He has loved he ____________ he has met her.

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[READING – In-class]

EXERCISE 1

APPLYING TO STELLINGA COLLEGE

Why Stellinga?
Thank you for your interest in Stellinga International College. As an international student, we
are sure you will find our college an exciting place to study, with like-minded and ambitious
people.
Preparing and submitting your application
We have tried to make the application process as easy as possible for you, but there are a
number of procedures you must follow.
All our courses are taught in English, so first of all you will probably need to submit evidence
of your English language ability. We require an IELTS score of 6.5 or another test result which
is equivalent. You will also have to send us your secondary school diploma, so that we can
evaluate it. If you have International Baccalaureate or a Dutch VWO diploma, you don’t need
to provide English language test results.
We will also require a personal statement. This is a text of up to 1,000 words in which you
introduce yourself, explain your interest in our college, and why you want to study your
course.
If you are from outside the European Union (EU), it is important that you have an entrance
visa before you come to study in the Netherlands, but we will apply for this for you.
We now only accept online applications, so please ensure that you have all your documents
ready to upload before you begin. Any documents that are not in English originally will also
need to be translated and the translation also uploaded.
You will need a passport photograph; a copy of your passport; copies of all your certificates
and diplomas; your proof of language ability; and your personal statement in English.
What happens next?
Your application will then be considered. If your initial application is successful, you will be
invited for an interview. This will be conducted in English via Skype, over the phone or on site.
You will talk to two or three members of staff for up to 30 minutes. We aim to inform you of our
decision in writing, within 4 weeks. There are several possible outcomes: you may not have
been successful; you may be offered a place on the waiting list. You will need to reply to any
offers within two weeks, otherwise your place may be offered to somebody else.
Good luck with your application.

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Questions 1 –11
Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer, complete the table
and flowchart below.

[THE REQUIRED DOCUMENTS]

Evidence of language ability IELTS 6.5 or (1)..............................
(2)..........................
Evidence of studies
Dutch VWO diploma, or other secondary school diploma

Information about motivation (3)................................. with maximum length of

(4) .................................
Proof of identity (5) a ................................ and a passport copy
Other (6)................................ if originals are in a foreign language

[THE ONLINE APPLICATION PROCESS FOR PEOPLE OUTSIDE THE EU]

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EXERCISE 2: Read the passage and complete the flow chart. Choose NO MORE
THAN TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

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[READING – Homework]

EXERCISE 1: Complete the notes. Chose ONE WORD OR A NUMBER from the
passage for each gap.

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EXERCISE 2: Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER to

complete the flowchart.

Patrick Malone is a traveller, writer and broadcaster. He was born in 1968 in Basel,
Switzerland, where his British parents were working for a pharmaceutical company. His family
left Switzerland when he was twelve, and returned to their home in Britain. For the next six
years, Malone attended the local secondary school. He then went to Leeds University to do a
course in Human Geography. He wanted to become a town planner. However, the only work
he could find was as a teacher at a local school. During his holidays and free time, he went
walking, often covering very long distances very quickly. On one occasion he walked the
entire length of Britain, a distance of over 1,400 kilometres, in less than a month. He enjoyed
the experience and the challenge so much that he started walking in different parts of the
world, usually in fairly remote areas away from major population centres. The people he met
and the experiences he had on these trips provided him with some excellent material for his
classes. It was during one trip that he met his old university tutor, Don Perkins. At the time,
Perkins was putting together a team of geographers and biologists for a research trip to the
Amazon, and asked Malone if he would like to go with them. The expedition was for a whole
year, and so he had to give up his job at the school, but Malone did not hesitate to accept
Perkins' offer. He sold his car to make some money, bought an airline ticket for Brazil and set
off.

Patrick Malone
Born in Switzerland in 1968.

Moved to 1 ……………when he was twelve.

Studied 2 ……………at university.

Got a job as a 3 …………….

Once travelled more than 4 …………… on foot on a single trip.

Often went walking in places that were quite 5 ……………

Joined an 6 …………… to the Amazon.

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EXERCISE 3: Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage, complete
each gap in the diagram.

PERSONALIZED EXERCISE

A At the start of every new year, many of us promise ourselves that a certain number of times a
week we will go to the gym, go jogging, attend an exercise class, etc. But many of us struggle
to fit exercise into our lives, or we start off well and then give up.
B The key could be to find the right type of exercise for you. After all, if we end up doing
something we enjoy and can see the benefits of, we are more likely to carry on for longer than
a few weeks. Studies suggest that six weeks are all it takes to form a habit, so once we have
managed to continue for that length of time, chances are that exercise has become a routine
part of our lives that we do not question. So what exercise is right for you? Read on to find
out.

C First of all, you need to determine your motivation. Are you mainly interested inde-stressing or
in getting fitter? If your ultimate goal is relaxation, then ask yourself if you want to do this
energetically, in which case a type of martial art or exercise based on boxing may be right for
you. If you have a calmer style, then you could choose solitary exercise, such as walking the
dog, doing some gardening, or opting for a brisk daily walk around the block. If you get more
motivated from working with others, then you could join a yoga, pilates or t'ai chi class, all
designed to stretch and strengthen your muscles and with the added benefit of calming the
mind.

D If it is fitness and weight loss you are after, then group activities include military fitness,
typically organized in local parks, walking and running groups, dance classes (try line dancing,
tap dancing or ballet). Contact your local council for details of those. On your own, you could
go horse riding, swimming, or if you fear that you will choose not to leave your house,
download fitness and motivational exercise programmes that you can do at home.
E Finally, even people who are incredibly busy have no excuse. It is getting easier to fit exercise
into our lives, rather than having to make so many changes to our lifestyles that we are
doomed to fail. If you have particular time slots available, then you could book some time with
a personal trainer at the weekend who can come to your house, or you could meet them at
the gym. During the week, you could use the daily commute for your exercise, by walking
faster, parking the car further away from work, or getting your bicycle out. If your life is not as
regular, you could choose the next couple of minutes you have spare to try an exercise DVD,
or get the skipping ropes out and do some skipping. You could also go outdoors to your
nearest fitness trail, or put your running shoes on and run for any length of time, as everything
counts when you are doing exercise.

F You see? There is no excuse. Whatever your lifestyle, you will be able to find something that
suits you. Just sit down with a cup of tea, read this article again, have a think about your
options. Then finish the tea, get up, get going, and don't stop.

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EXERCISE 4: Using NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the passage, complete
each gap in the diagram.

THE BEACH, A NATURAL TREASURE TROVE

Nature walks can be fun, energizing and educational at the same time.

First of all, when you are walking on the beach you may be able to spot tracks. Birds and
crabs leave footprints behind, especially in wet sand. On sandy beaches you will also be able
to find interesting holes, made by crabs that were digging for food in the mud.

You may also come across jellyfish, as these are often washed up on the beach by the tides.
They have no eyes, ears, heart or head and are mostly made of water. They look like a bag
with arms, which are called tentacles. These contain poison, which helps them catch food.
Even when they are out of the water or in pieces the tentacles may sting you, so they are best
left alone.

Other animals you may find are coral and barnacles. The latter are marine animals that are
related to crabs and lobsters and live in shallow waters. They like to attach themselves to hard
materials, so you are likely to find them stuck to a piece of wood.

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You may also see what look like small gelatinous blobs but are actually fish or worm eggs.

If you are lucky, you may find a fossil. In essence, this is an animal that died and got buried in
a sea bed. They are likely to look like a piece of rock with an imprint of an animal skeleton.
Their history is very interesting.

For an animal to become fossilized, it has to be buried in mud, sand or soil. If an animal dies
but is not buried, it is more likely to rot away, be swept away by wind or water, and/or be
eaten by another animal. Over millions of years, the animal remains become buried deeper
and deeper; the mud, sand or soil compresses and slowly becomes rock. Their bone or shell
starts to crystallize, because of surrounding minerals and chemicals. Ideally, the temperature
stays relatively constant throughout this process. Sometimes the fossil dissolves completely
and just leaves animprint. At other times, waves, tides and currents slowly make the rocks
erode, which allows the animal remains to break off, ready for you to find.

What you will definitely find a beach are shells. These were once the homes of animals such
as snails, barnacles and mussels, consisting of a hard layer that the animal created for
protection as part of its body. After the animal has died, its soft parts have rotted or have been
eaten by other animals, such as crabs. What is left is a beautiful seashell for you to admire
and take home if you wish.

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LESSON 5
GRAMMAR: Past tenses
SKILL: Listening – Multiple-choice questions

[PAST TENSES]

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[LISTENING – In-class]

EXERCISE 1: Choose the correct answer.

EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer.

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[LISTENING – Homework]

EXERCISE 1: Choose the correct answer.

EXERCISE 2:

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EXERCISE 3: Choose the correct answer.

EXERCISE 4: Fill in the missing information.

EXERCISE 5: Choose the correct answer.

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EXERCISE 6:

EXERCISE 7: Listen to the recording of three students talking to their tutor about the
presentation they are planning. Choose the correct letter a, b, or c.

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EXERCISE 8:

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LESSON 6
GRAMMAR: Future tenses
SKILL: Reading – Matching headings

[FUTURE TENSES]

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[READING – In-class]

EXERCISE 1: Read the following paragraphs about British castles. Choose the
best heading from the options.

Beaumaris castle is an impressive castle, built by King Edward I. It is considered one of

the most beautiful medieval castles in Wales, probably because of its symmetrical shapes,
but its purpose was military, the pretty geometrical shapes being rings of defense. Work
started as early as 1295, but although it was done at a fast speed, it was never completed
because of lack of money.

a. Beaumaris: a castle of contrasts

b. Beaumaris: a typical medieval castle
c. Beaumaris: the oldest Welsh castle

Scotland is right to be proud of Edinburgh castle. It dominates the city of Edinburgh from
high up on its rock. The history of Castle Rock goes back all the way to the late Bronze
Age (900 BC), when there were already people living there. In the middle ages it became
a royal castle, and this lasted until the 17th century. In the 18th century it became an army
base, but it is now mainly known as a visitor attraction.

a. Is Edinburgh the oldest castle in Britain?

b. Edinburgh Castle: Scotland’s pride and joy
c. Edinburgh Castle and its many roles

Exercise 2:

Question 1-5: The passage has five paragraphs labelled A to E. Choose the most
suitable headings for each paragraph from the list by writing the appropriate number (I
– viii)

Note: There are more headings than you need. You may use any of the headings
more than one.

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LIST OF HEADINGS
i. Jobs are hard to find
ii. Security
iii. Racial prejudice
iv. Work regulations for overseas students
v. Part-time students
vi. Cultural diversity
vii. Positive impressions of overseas students towards Australians
viii. The Australian personality

1. Paragraph A:
2. Paragraph B:
3. Paragraph C:
4. Paragraph D:
5. Paragraph E:

THINGS TO EXPECT IN AUSTRALIA

A. Australia is a relatively safe place, something which surveys of overseas students have shown
that they value greatly. As in most of the industrialised countries, Australia has experienced a
serious economic recession making many people unemployed. This has caused a small
increase in the amount of petty crime, but in comparison with the USA, UK, Europe or almost
anywhere else in the Western world the problem remains limited.
B. The opportunity to work while studying in order to help cover expenses is one which overseas
students welcome. Australia is comparatively generous in this regard, especially since
changes to government policy in February 1991. All overseas students, irrespective of which
country they come from and what they intend to study, may work for up to 20 hours per week
during semesters and full-time during vacations and other course break. Part-time study is not
permitted on a student visa.
C. Finding work in a different country can be trying, and if it is essential for survival the pressure
that it creates can be a worry. Most campuses maintain a part-time work agency, but the
number of jobs available from place to place varies. Generally, it is not easy to find work at the
moment because Australia is experiencing an economic recession. More than half of
Australia’s visiting students say that they take advantage of the right to work, but it is hard to
know for certain how much they do or what they earn.
D. Multiculturalism is official government policy despite the strong British heritage stemming from
Australia’s colonial origins. There are now more than 100 different ethnic groups represented

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in Australia, and much of the increase in diversity occurred during the last generation or two.
Just after the Second World War, Australia had a population of only 7.1 million. Now there are
more than 17 million people; new immigrants and their children account for about half of that
growth. One authority has written recently: “On the whole the interaction of old and new
Australians has been achieved with a minimum of conflict – migration has worked.”
E. The friendliness of the Australian people is something which surveys of tourists show to be
one of the main and most favorable impressions of visitors. Overseas students back that up,
as student survey results show. In 1984 more than 100 overseas students were asked their
opinion of Australians, and were also asked to describe the attitudes of Australians towards
them. The results of the survey appear in Figure 1.

Figure 1:
Attitudes of overseas students towards Australians
Positive
Like them a lot 20%
Tend to like them 56
Indifferent 21
Negative
Tend to dislike them 2
Dislike them a lot -

Attitudes of Australians to overseas students

Positive
Very accepting 16%
Fairly friendly 62
Indifferent 13
Negative
A bit unfriendly 8
Very unfriendly 1

Surveys have found that between 8- to 90 percent of overseas students who have studied in
Australia would recommend that friends and other family members should study there. Similar
proportions say that if they were to migrate permanently they would choose Australia.

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[READING – Homework]

EXERCISE 1: Questions 1-5 The following reading passage has five sections B-F.

Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings (i – vi).

There are more headings than sections, so you will not use them all.

List of headings

i Personal finances
ii Language and Communication
iii Being different and apart
iv Culture adjustment
v Study – related concerns
vi Family support
viiGetting around
viii Living independently

Example: Paragraph A - iv

1 Paragraph B
2 Paragraph C
3 Paragraph D
4 Paragraph E
5 Paragraph F

DIFFICULTIES COMMONLY EXPERIENCED BY OVERSEAS STUDENTS

The problems experienced by overseas students are now generally well documented. The
issue that causes the greatest difficulty can be summarized as follows:

A. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
This problem involves getting used to the new country and different way of life, customs, and
values. In addition, students also have to deal with the sense of loss (missing family, friends,
familiar food and places). These issues are usually referred to by the term “culture shock”.
B. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Managing on a limited budget is a challenge for most, but it is especially so for people living in
an unfamiliar environment. Students may have to pay for education and living expenses, find
a reasonable place to live and, in some cases, a part-time job to supplement any scholarship
or money from home.
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C. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Many students are not used to looking after themselves. At home, parents and family usually
assist them in coping with shopping, cooking, personal finances and generally managing their
affairs. Overseas, all of these things must be done without the family’s support.
D. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Even some of the students who have been educated in an English language school have
problems communicating freely at university level. Many students find reading and writing in
English especially difficult. Participating in classroom discussion and asking questions of staff
often produce difficulties.
E. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Differences in the style and traditions of learning between Western and Asian countries
frequently cause difficulty. Many overseas students find it difficult to adapt to Western notions
of independent thinking and learning. Students from some countries may also have difficulty
because they lack experience in using well-equipped libraries and laboratories.
F. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
This refers both to experiences of racial intolerance and the relatively low level of contact that
overseas students have with local people. Students often report being uncomfortable about
generalized discrimination, e.g. graffiti. The lack of meaningful contact with locals will be
discussed in a later section of this book.

EXERCISE 2:

LONDON’S CYCLE HIRE SCHEME

A. London is a ‘world city’: one of the most important economic and financial hubs in the world. It
has a population of around eight million people and contains hundreds of iconic buildings
which are recognized the world over. London receives around 20 millions of people who travel
into the city from a wide area to work in the central area. It is frequently rated as providing the
most satisfying ‘cultural experience’ for visitors to any city.

B. One of the challenges involved in managing (and living in) such a huge city is the ability to
move people efficiently around it, for the purposes of work and leisure, and at reasonable
cost. The London black cab is one response to this problem, but it also contributes to the
number of vehicles that are on the roads. The much quoted result of millions of daily vehicle
movements is a very average speed for traffic on London’s roads and frequent congestion
problems.

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C. Many cities have taken steps to reduce the amount of traffic on the roads by adopting a range
of measures which can broadly be described as either ‘carrots’ or ‘sticks’: those which either
promote, or discourage certain activity. London has already been forced into trying a number
of measures to reduce traffic congestion. These have included:
• Traffic management systems which included the world’s first traffic light. It was installed
outside the Houses of Parliament in 1868 to reduce the congestion in this area.
• An underground system which was the first in the world. The first section opened in 1863, and
the network is still developing. Since 2003, is has been managed by Transport for London.
The classic London Tube map forms part of the city’s cultural heritage, and has been much
copied and adapted elsewhere.
• The Cross Rail development: due to provide high frequency rail service through two new
tunnels under Central London from 2017
• The congestion charging system – introduced in 2003, and extended in 2007 – charges many
motorists (there are some exemptions) £10 to enter the central charging zone between 7 a.m.
– 6 p.m. Monday to Friday.
• The Oyster card – an automated charging system which speeds up the use of public transport
using a specially chipped card, which can be pre – charged with ‘credit’.

D. The latest solution is the Barclays London Cycle Hire Scheme. In 2010, London joined a
growing list of cities that had turned to the bicycle for a possible solution to traffic congestion.
Cities like Amsterdam have long since been associated with bicycles. Others cities that
already have cycle hire schemes include Copenhagen and Barcelona. In Paris, the system is
known as the Velib schemes, a word which merges the world for bicycle with freedom. It is
funded by advertising. The London scheme was launched on the 30th July 2010 with an initial
total of 5000 bikes spread around 315 locations, with plans for further extensions. The bikes
are fairly robust so that they can withstand the knocks of daily uses. They are fitted with
dynamo – powered LED lights, have three gears, a chain guard and a bell. Each bike is also
fitted with a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip, so that its location can be tracked.
The bikes have puncture – proof tires and are regularly checked over for mechanical faults.

E. It is hoped that people will experience London in a more direct way. Instead of descending
into the earth, they will cycle the streets and this gain ‘a different view’ of London and improve
their own metal maps of the city. They will also be getting exercise, which in an age of soaring
obesity rates can only be a good thing, can’t it?
Enough reading, time for you to get out there and start pedaling!

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Question 1 – 5

Reading passage has five sections, A – E

Choose the most suitable headings for sections A – E from the list of headings below.

NB There are more headings than sections, so you will not use them all.

LIST OF HEADINGS

i. Current and past actions

ii. Congestion and pollution
iii. Problems on the roads
iv. The best city in the world
v. A centre of activities
vi. The many benefits of cycling
vii. Cycling in European cities
viii. A new initiative
ix. Rail systems

1. Section A ___
2. Section B ___
3. Section C ___
4. Section D ___
5. Section E ___

EXERCISE 3: The reading passage has 4 paragraphs, 1– 4

Choose the most suitable headings (A – I) for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

Paragraph 1 - …………………………………. Paragraph 3 - ………………………………….

Paragraph 2 - …………………………………. Paragraph 4 - ………………………………….

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LESSON 7
GRAMMAR: Subject-Verb agreement
SKILL: Listening – Note/Flow-chart completion

[SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT]

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Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. The price of these jeans (to be) ________ reasonable.

2. The books borrowed from the library (to be) _________ on my desk.
3. The boy who won the two medals (to be) ________ a friend of mine.
4. Collecting match-boxes (to be) _________ one of his favourite pastimes.
5. Neither his father nor his mother (play) __________ mahjong.
6. None of my friends (to be) ________ there.
7. Thirty years (to be) _________ a long time.
8. One of these most intelligent students whose example (to be) ________ being
followed (to be) ___________ John.
9. The boss, as well as his colleagues, (have) _________ been robbed by the robber.
10. You should decide which one of the three choices A, B, or C best (answer)
___________ the question.

EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

1. Everybody (was / were) asked to be quiet.
2. In a marathon, few of the starters (finishes / finish) the race.
3. Sixty days (is / are) not enough time to complete the project.
4. All of the workers (is / are) receiving their bonus.
5. On our street (is / are) many tall trees.
6. It (don’t / doesn’t) make any difference.
7. The value of cars and motorcycles (has / have) increased.
8. The principal and her husband (is / are) honored guests.
9. Either the pitcher or the base runners (was / were) caught napping.
10. The young (is / are) becoming more and more talented.
11. The number of private schools (has / have) increased lately.
12. One of my friends (believe / believes) in E.S.P.
13. Here (come / comes) the family now.
14. Neither of us (is / are) going to work.
15. 57 percent of the adult male body (is / are) water.
16. Measles (is / are) a disease most children experience.
17. The class (is / are) turning in their registration forms today.
18. A number of young girls (is / are) singing out there.
19. The public (shows / show) negative attitude towards her scandal.

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[LISTENING – In-class]

EXERCISE 1: The following notes are from a talk about shopping habits in different
countries. Listen to the recording and fill in the gaps. Write NO MORE THAN TWO
WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Who does the shopping?

- In the UK (1)........................% food bought by women. 


- In some countries (2)..........................% men do grocery shopping. 


- Habits changing – US (3)................................. % men shop for food. 


Where do people shop? 


- In cities (4) : ....................................... 


- In country (5) : ................................... and


(6)............................................ 


EXERCISE 2: You will hear a student representative welcoming new students to the
university and explaining a little about traditional English meals. First read the notes
below. Then listen and complete them. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A
NUMBER for each answer.

Very popular dish: Fish and chips


-fried in (1)......................................................


-not (2)...............................................


-Popular esp. (3)..........................................................


Another traditional meal: Sunday lunch


-(4)............................................meat, with (5)..................................................

-Traditionally eaten (6).......................................................

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EXERCISE 3: Listen to someone describing how to cook a traditional dessert. Before

you listen, read and think about which words might go in the gaps.

Then listen and complete the flow-chart. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS for
each answer.

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[LISTENING – Homework]

EXERCISE 1: Listen to a recording of an interview in a survey of shopping habits.

Miriam is talking about who does the shopping in her family. Complete the note. Write
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.

EXERCISE 2: Questions 1 -4

You will hear the introduction to a lecture about consumer habits. Complete the notes
with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS.

Spending money
Point 1
- three age groups:
* Young people
*Families
*(1)………………………………………
Point 2
- male and female (2)……………………………………….
Three age groups are
*young people aged (3)………………………………………..
*families aged from 30-55
*mature adults (4)…………………………………..

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Questions 5 - 7

Now you will hear the next part of the recording and answer the question. Select
THREE correct options from the list (a-g).

What do families spend their money on?

a furniture and household goods

b clothes, music and entertainment

c cars and outings

d electronic equipment

e gardening tools

f food, toys and outings

g cars and travelling

5. _______

6. _______

7. _______

Questions 8 - 1 0

Now you will hear the last part of the recording. Answer the questions. Write NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for eating in restaurants.

8. What do men spend twice as much as women on?

............................................................................

9. What do women spend most on?

.....................................................................

10. Which group spends most on eating in restaurants?

.............................................................................

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EXERCISE 3: Questions 1-4

You will hear a talk on nutrition. Complete the notes. Write NO MORE THAN TWO
WORDS for each answer.

TOPIC: HEALTHY EATING

• DEFINITION:
• REASONS WHY PEOPLE DON’T
(1)…………………………………………………..
• IDEAS FOR (2)…………………………………………………
HEALTHY EATING IS
• BALANCED DIET
• EATING THE (3)………………………………………………..
• NOTE: BALANCED DIET INCLUDES MEAT, VEGETABLES, FRUIT AND
(4)……………………………………..

Questions 5-7
Listen to the next part of the talk. Choose THREE letters a-h. Give three reasons why
the speaker thinks so many people have an unhealthy diet.

a It is cheaper to buy packet food,

b People do not know how to eat healthily,

c It is cheaper to buy fast food,

d They prefer fast food,

e They do not like packet food,

f It is quicker to buy fast food,

g They have to plan their meals,

h Schools teach children about a balanced diet.

(5)……………………………….

(6) ...............................

(7) .....................................

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Questions 8-10

Listen to the last part of the recording and complete the table. Write NO MORE THAN
ONE WORD for each answer.

Group responsible:

(8)…………………………… (9)……………………………… (10)……………………………

……….. ………… ………….

Limit advertising for Stop selling unhealthy snacks Make sure children eat a
unhealthy food and drinks balanced diet

Educate the public about a Provide children with fresh

healthy diet and healthy options

EXERCISE 4: Listen and fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER.

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EXERCISE 5:

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EXERCISE 6:

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LESSON 8
GRAMMAR: Passive voice
SKILL: Reading – True/False/Not Given

[PASSIVE VOICE]

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EXERCISE 1: Read the test task and fill in the gaps in the model answer with the
verbs in the box in passive form.

The flowchart below shows how banana chips are made. Summarise the information
by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

add distribute fry leave make peel

put remove rinse sell slice soak

The flowchart shows how banana chips (1) _________________. First, the bananas
(2) _____________ by a special machine and then they (3) _____________ in water.
Next the clean bananas (4) _________________ into a chipping machine where they
(5) ______________ into thin chips. After this they (6) ______________. Once they
are dry the banana chips (7) _________________ in hot oil in large deep fat fryers.
The cooked banana chips (8) ________________ from the fryers using a special
sieve which allows all of the oil to drain off. The banana chips (9) ______________
(then) to cool. When they have reached the right temperature, spices (10)
______________ for extra taste. Finally the banana chips are packaged ready to (11)
________________ around the world and (12) ________________.

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[READING – In-class]
EXERCISE 1: Are the statements below TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN?

A. YES/NO/NOT GIVEN

EXERCISE 2: Read the below statements. Do the statements agree with the views of the
writer? Write: YES, NO or NOT GIVEN

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[READING – Homework]

EXERCISE 1

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EXERCISE 2: Read the texts and the statements that follow them. Write YES if the
opinion is expressed in the text (=the writer agrees) and NO if the writer disagree.

Britain never used to have armed police, but when major events are being held, such as the
recent London Olympics, there is a visible presence of armed police in train stations. Do people
using public transports feel reassured when they see armed police? Possibly. But most of them,
especially visitors to the UK, may feel that there is something to worry about, especially as they
would expect British police not to be armed. And if we think about it, the police, armed or not,
cannot protect us from bombers. But what the police can, and sometimes does do, is make
mistakes, and these are always worse when there are firearmed involved. So in the end, arming
police may do more harm than good.

1. Most travellers feel protected when they see armed police in train stations
.......................
2. Even police with guns cannot protect us from bombers ....................
3. The police might shoot somebody by accident .................
4. It is better not to have armed police in Britian ................

Instead of complaining about roadworks, the cost of petrol, the price of cars, etc. we need to
think about other options. And I don’t mean car sharing or building more motorways. I say we
try to save our environment by campaigning for better bus and train networks and for different
types of transport, such as trams.

5. We should complain about car-related problems ................

6. The environment is not really in danger .............
7. Public transport needs to be improved ...............

The rise in fuel prices is a very worrying trend. Here are just some examples of the
consequences. Elderly people cannot afford to heat their houses; people lose their jobs because
they can no longer afford to commute to work, or because they are made redundant from their
jobs in transport-based businesses such as airlines. Self-employed people often rely on their own
transport for work, e.g. delivery people, florists and taxi drivers, so they may be forced to close
their business. The prices of some food and raw materials also increase as a direct result of the
cost of oil, e.g. the prices of beef and cotton. Against all of that, there is one possible advantage:
car manufacturers are employing more people to design fuel-efficient cars, which will benefit the
environment. But surely, this is not enough. What we need is international cooperation and
political goodwill, to reduce fuel prices and/or financially support those who are being affected.

8. We need to be concerned about the increase in the price of fuel ....................

9. There are more problems caused by increasing fuel prices than the ones
mentioned in the passage ...........
10. The price of beef is closely related to the price of oil ...............
11. The rise of fuel prices is not a big problem as the environment is benefitting from
it ..............
12. If we cannot lower the price of fuel then we need more money so that people can
cope with it ............

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EXERCISE 3: Read the following passage. Do the statements agree with the
views of the writer? Write:

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts what the writer thinks
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to know what the writer’s point of view is

1. Another name for the East-West trading route is “silk road”. ……………….
2. Zhang Qian is admired by Chinese school children. ………….......
3. Zhang Qian was a Chinese adventurer. ……………………….
4. At least one German used the Silk Road in the 19th century. …………………
5. Silk was the main material to be traded on this route. ……………………
6. The Silk Road was used for trade in natural materials, man-made materials and
animals. …………………..

Schoolchildren in China learn that the opening of the East-West trading route
popularly known as the Silk Road occurred in 139 B.C when Zhang Qian, the Chinese
ambassador-adventurer, travelled westward across the Pamirs, a mountain range in
Central Asia. He was the first known Chinese person to do so.

The term “silk road” was actually first used late in the nineteenth century by a German
geographer, Baron Ferdinand von Richthofen (1833 – 1905). Silk was not the only
material that passed along these routes. Other goods are known to have included
ceramics, glass, precious gems and livestock. However, there are reasons to think that
these roads were being used centuries, probably even millennia, earlier than Zhang’s
expedition. In Roman times, Pliny the Elder reported a “stone tower” which he said
existed on the Pamir Plateau where goods had been traditionally exchanged between
traders from the East and the West.

EXERCISE 4: Read the following passage. Are the statements below TRUE, FALSE
or NOT GIVEN?

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EXERCISE 5

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EXERCISE 6

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LESSON 9
REVIEW
MID-TERM TEST

[LISTENING]
EXERCISE 1: Listen and write down the names and places you hear

Name Place

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

EXERCISE 2: Listen to some short dialogues. In each dialogue, you will hear
someone ask a question about the time. When the answer is given, write down the
time in the space below.

1 A: Excuse me. Can you tell me the time, please?

B: Yes. It’s …………………….
2 A: Do you have the right time, please?
B: I think it’s …………………..
3 A: Do you know what time the next bus is, please?
B: Yes, It’s …………………….
4 A: What time do you finish your work today?
B: ………………………………
5 A: When do the shops open, please?
B: ………………………………

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6 A: What time does the London train leave, please?

B: ………………………………
7 A: What’s the next train to Birmingham, please?
B: ………………………………
8 A: Excuse me, please. What time does the Liverpool train arrive?
B: ………………………………
9 A: When does the Paris flight leave, please?
B: ………………………………
10 A: What time’s the next flight to Amsterdam, please?
B: ………………………………

EXERCISE 3: You will hear a dialogue. As you listen, fill in the form below.

TIME OF DR. KENT’S LECTURE

Monday 1 ……………………. Room No 2 ……………………

Friday 3 ……………………. Room No 4 ……………………
Length of each lecture 5 ……………………..

EXERCISE 4: You will hear a dialogue. As you listen, fill in the form below.

LOST CARD REGISTRATION

Name of the owner: Ronald 1……………………

Lost card: a 2……………………. a Master card

Numbers 6091 1313 9781 0231 3……………………….
Expiration date: Nov, 2014 4……………………….

Miscellanies: issuing two new cards on 5……………………..

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EXERCISE 5: You will hear a dialogue. As you listen, fill in the form below.

DEPARTMENT OF EXTRAMURAL STUDIES CENTRAL COURSE

APPLICATION FORM

Course No.: 1…………………… Fee enclosed: 2…………………….

Course title: Drama & Theatre Studies

If there is an examination involved, do you intend sitting it? Yes/No

Surname: 3…………………...

First name: Jenny

Address: 4……………………, Longford

Telephone no.: daytime: No evening: 5……………………

Occupation: 6……………………. Age: 7……………………

Educational qualifications: Degree in 8……………………..

Diploma in 9……………………….

Previous extramural courses attended: 10……………………….

EXERCISE 6: Listen to ten short extracts and complete the notes. Write NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
1 Address: 19, …………………………………….. Street

2 Street: ………………………………… Drive

3 E-mail: ………………………………………….

4 Address: ………………………………………….

5 Name: ………………………………. Jones

6 Company address: ………………………………………….

7 Name: …………………………………………

8 Cost: $.............................................

9 Tel: .............................................

10 Arrival date: Tuesday……………………………….

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EXERCISE 7

Question 1-8

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

PEOPLE INTERESTED IN SHARING THE FLAT

Special
Name Job Description
requirements

Example • 2……………………… 3………………………..

1…………………teacher • too health- (because of
Phil Parrot
conscious? equipment)

• older
David to pay less for gas and
lawyer • quiet
4………………… electricity
• 5………………………
• funny
• lazy?
somewhere to keep
• Not
Leo Norris 6……………………… his
7………………….
8…………………….
or………………….
• outdoor type

Question 9-10

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Leo’s phone number (mobile) 9………………………………….

Leo would like to move in on 10…………………………………

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EXERCISE 8

Listen and write the correct letters A-F next to questions 1-3 on the map

EXERCISE 9

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[READING]
EXERCISE 1

EXERCISE 2

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LESSON 10
GRAMMAR: Relative clause
SKILL: Writing – Paraphrasing

[RELATIVE CLAUSE]

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[WRITING – In-class]

A. USE SYNONYMS

More than half of the women who attended the one-day meeting were in business with
their spouses.
More than half = The majority
attended = went to
meeting = conference
spouses = husbands
 The majority of the women who went to the one-day conference were in business with
their husbands.

EXERCISE 1

1. Approximately 30,000 students may be assisted by the proposed “free lunch” program.

2. With the development of flash memory cards, the market for portable music players
jumped sharply.

3. Although the coach’s strategy was a little dangerous, the team was successful.

4. Therefore, the effect was an increase in student examination results.

5. In addition, a strong typhoon is expected to batter the coast over the next few days.

6. The expenditure needed to combat climate change will require changes to the federal
government’s budget.

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7. The engineer must judge how much dynamite to use according to the volume of material
to be removed from the tunnel.

8. Two of the students were expelled for violating the school’s “no fighting” policy.

9. All of the people in class studied hard. The effect was a big increase in test scores.

10. If you use cheap paper and discount ink, the quality of your printed documents will
suffer. This situation can be avoided by switching to high quality products.

11. Skateboarding is a fun way to exercise, meet people and look cool. It is a popular
sport with around 10 million skaters worldwide. Based on this information, skateboard
companies work hard to develop new products for this large group of consumers.

create intensely around the world decide

about even though invention inexpensive
result furthermore plan be poor
increase significantly financial plans to hit consequence
risky helped depending on data
money test scores demand cheap
planned amount breaking buyers
consequently rule to fight changing to
dramatic increase hurricane students problem
exciting good

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B. ACTIVE – PASSIVE VOICE

Active voice Passive voice
The cat ate the fish. The fish was eaten by the cat.

EXERCISE 2

1. My mother washes the floor every Saturday.

2. The policewoman is delivering the food to an orphanage.

3. That tall man in the corner mailed our package.

4. The professor was helping a student when the bell sounded.

5. Millions of tourists have visited the Eiffel Tower.

6. John and George have been filling the on-line orders.

7. Jim had been tutoring the twins for six months before he decided to go to Tibet.

8. The green team will finish the new truck design by next week.

9. In 2011, the columnist is going to be writing a book about Albert Einstein.

10. Next month, John will write a story about European hockey players.

C. CHANGE WORD FORMS

You have to give us your decision by tomorrow.

 You have to decide by tomorrow.

Researchers conducted an investigation into the problem.

 Researchers investigated the problem.

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EXERCISE 3

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[WRITING – Homework]

Paraphrase each sentence. There may be more than one way to rewrite each one.
Remember to change vocabulary, phrases and sentence structure wherever you can.

1. Portable entertainment devices, such as MP3 or DVD-players, which allow people to

listen to music or watch films on the move, are now commonplace.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….

2. In some countries, many more people are choosing to live alone nowadays than in the
past.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….

3. Extreme sports such as sky diving and skiing are very dangerous and should be

banned.

...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

4. These days more fathers stay at home and take care of their children while mothers go
out to work.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………………………………………….……………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Nowadays new technologies have had an influence on communication between

people.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….

6. People now have the freedom to work and live anywhere in the world due to the
development of communication technology and transportation.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….……………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between
finishing high school and starting university studies.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….……………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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[READING – Homework]

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LESSON 11
GRAMMAR: Reduced relative clause
SKILL: Speaking – Part 1 (Hobbies)

[REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE]

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[SPEAKING – PART 1]

Paraphrase the question

Examples
Reasons

1. Paraphrase the question

[LIKE]

I’m keen on I love I’m fond of

I’m into I’m interested in I enjoy

I’m a big fan of I’m partial to

[DISLIKE]

I’m not keen on I’m not into I’m not a fan of

I totally detest* I really can’t stand*

2. Examples

Giving more detail

- Especially

- To be more precise

- To be more specific

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3. Reasons

- And this is probably because

- This could be because

- This might be because

- This is due to the fact that

Question: Do you like Western food?

Answer: I’m really into Italian food. To be more precise, I’m a huge fan of pizza and

pasta. This might be because my girlfriend is Italian so she always cooks Italian

cuisine at home.

Question: Is there anything you don’t like about your hometown?

Answer: I’m not so keen on the weather. To be more exact, I really can’t stand the

summer months. This is due to the fact that the temperatures can get as high as 40

degrees so it can be quite stifling if you don’t have air conditioner in your house.

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[LISTENING - Homework]

EXERCISE 1

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EXERCISE 2

Listen and complete the notes with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each
answer

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LESSON 12
GRAMMAR: Conditionals (1)
SKILL: Writing – Task 2 Introduction

[ZERO, 1st & 2nd CONDITIONALS]

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[WRITING - INTRODUCTION]
I. VOCABULARY

Advantages Disadvantages

Benefits Drawbacks

Positive aspects/ consequences Negative aspects/ consequences

Beneficial effects Detrimental effects

II. WRITE AN INTRODUCTION

1. General structure

Sample question

During the last ten years, the use of mobile phones has increased dramatically,
making it possible to contact others almost anywhere and at any time.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using mobile phones for

communication both for the individual and for society as a whole.

Background (1-2 sentences)

=> paraphrase the topic sentences
Thesis (1 sentence)

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Background (1-2 sentences)

Thesis (1 sentence)
This decade has witnessed
a remarkable increase in This essay will analyze the
the number of cell phone benefits and drawbacks
users. There is no room for that these handheld
doubt that mobile phones devices bring to the users
have completely changed and to society in general.
the way people interact.

SAMPLE INTRODUCTION

This decade has witnessed a remarkable increase in the number of cell phone

users. There is no room for doubt that mobile phones have completely changed the

way people interact. This essay will analyze the benefits and drawbacks that

these handheld devices bring to the users and to society in general.

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2. Practice

a. Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language

at primary schools rather than secondary school. What are the advantages and

disadvantages of this suggestion?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. Many elderly people are no longer looked after by their families but are put in care

homes or nursing homes. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c. Some people say that money can make life easier and more comfortable but others

say that having a great amount of wealth can bring some problems. What are the

advantages and disadvantages of having a lot of money?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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d. Some people think that it would be better for large companies and industry to move to

regional areas outside large urban centers. What are the advantages and

disadvantages of this solution?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e. In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car owners heavily

and use the money to improve public transportation. What are the advantages and

disadvantages of such a solution?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

f. A lot of places in the world rely on tourism as a main source of income. Unfortunately,

tourism can also be a source of problems if it is not managed correctly. Describe the

advantages and disadvantages of tourism in the modern world.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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g. The advent of the Internet has made it possible for people to work from home. What

are the advantages and disadvantages of this development?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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[READING - Homework]

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LESSON 13
GRAMMAR: Conditionals (2)
SKILL: Speaking – Part 1 (Work & Study)

[3rd & MIXED CONDITIONAL]

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If he had not gone to a party…..

If he had not arrived home very late………….

If he had not overslept…..

If he had not been late for work,……

If he had not gone to the park,…..

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[LISTENING - Homework]
EXERCISE 1

Listen and complete the gap in the table with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

EXERCISE 2

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EXERCISE 3

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LESSON 14
GRAMMAR: Adverbial clause
SKILL: Writing – Task 2 (Body paragraphs)

[ADVERBIAL CLAUSE]

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EXERCISE 1: Rewrite as indicated below. The first is already done as an example.

1. Pam was not feeling well, however she went to school.

Although Pam was not feeling well, she went to school.

In spite of not feeling well, Pam went to school.

2. Tom was seriously advised by his teacher, but he insisted in disturbing the class.

a. Although

b. In spite of

3. Mary tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.

a. Although

b. In spite of

4. Although he felt tired, he stayed up to keep us company.

Despite

5. They didn’t have much time, however they came to visit us.

In spite of

6. He is too old, but he still does his gymnastics every morning.

a. Although

b. Despite

7. Although the shirts are very expensive, people buy them because they are trendy.

In spite of

8. Although he had no qualifications for it, he got the job.

In spite of

9. I didn’t like the CD you have recommended me, but I bought it all the same.

a. Although

b. In spite of

10. I told her all the truth. However she didn’t believe me.

a) Although

b) In spite of

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11. They didn’t play well, but they won the game.

a) Although

b) Despite

12. They felt very cold but they didn’t turn on the heater.

Despite

13. Bill had a terrible headache. However he kept working.

a) Although

b) In spite of

14. He has all the necessary books but he doesn’t use them to study.

Despite

15. She works very hard but she doesn’t deserve a raise.

a) Although

b) In spite of

16. She is not prepared for the test, but she has to do it.

Despite

17. She was ill but she had to go to school.

Although

18. It was a nice sunny but there was nobody at the beach.

a) Although

b) Is spite of

19. He arrived later but he finished work earlier than the others.

Although

20. The new waitress seems honest and diligent. However the boss doesn’t like her.

a) Although

b) In spite of

21. Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.

>> Because of

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22. She went to bed early because she felt tired.

>>Because of

23. Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.

>> Because of

24. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

>> Because of

25. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.

>> Because of

26. I can’t study because it is noisy.

>> Because of

27. The train come late because it was foggy.

>> Because of

28. The train was late because the fog was thick.

>> Because of

29. I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.

>> Because of

30. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.

>> Because of

EXERCISE 2: (HOWEWER, WHATEVER)

Note: When we use however in clauses of concession, it must be followed by an adjective or

an adverb.

e.g. However hard he studies, he won’t pass the exam.

Whatever happens, I will always love you.

1. Although I tried hard, I couldn’t find the book you lent me.

However

2. Although he may have some strong points, intelligence is one of them.

Whatever

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3. Although he loves Joan very much, he isn’t going to marry her.

However

4. Although she buys a lot of new dresses every month, she always dresses shabbily.

However

5. Even if our new house is very nice, we’ll still miss our old flat.

However

EXERCISE 3: (NO MATTER / IT DOESN’T MATTER)

e.g. No matter how hard I try, I will never pass the exam

It doesn’t matter how hard I try, I will never pass the exam

1. Although he makes a lot of money, he can’t save anything.

No matter

2. No matter what she said, no one paid any attention.

Whatever

3. However hard she tried, she couldn’t lift the suitcase.

No

4. Although he loves Joan very much, he isn’t going to marry her.

No

5. It doesn’t matter how much you earn, you shouldn’t waste money.

Although

EXERCISE 4: (IN SPITE OF / DESPITE)

e.g. In spite of all her money, she always wears old clothes.

Despite the fact that she has all that money, she always wear old clothes

Despite having all that money, she always wears old clothes.

1. He doesn’t have much money, but he wants to buy a car.

He wants to buy a car despite

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2. We all enjoyed the walk even though it rained.

In

3. We managed to talk seriously although there were a lot of people around.

In

4. The bag was heavy but she managed to carry it herself.

Despite

5. His mother refused to let him go to the party but he went anyway.

He went to the party in spite

EXERCISE 5: (PURPOSE / RESULT)

1. Some experts think the world is growing warmer, but others disagree.

While

2. Whereas prices rose last year, this year they have gone down.

Prices rose last year

3. Sam lost his job because he was lazy. (so/ therfore)

Sam was

4. I couldn't buy the house because it was expensive. (so … that …)

The house was

5. The book was very interesting. I couldn't put it down. (so … that …)

6. There was too much noise, so we couldn't hear the speech. (so … that …)

There was so

7. The house was too much small to live in comfortably. (enough)

The house wasn't

8. The class was cancelled because there weren't enough students. (so … that …)

There were so

9. The mouse ran into its hole to avoid being trapped by the cat. (so as to/ in order to)

The mouse ran into its hole

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10. She set the timer to avoid overcooking the beans. (so as to/ in order to)

She set the timer

11. They used chemicals in order to kill the insects in the trees.

They used chemicals so

12. They made several complaints to the manager to prevent the same thing from happening
again. (so as to/ in order to)

They made several complaints to the manager so

EXERCISE 6: Complete the sentences using ORDER, THAT, TO, SO, CASE from
the box.

1. She went to the green grocer’s ............ Buy apples

2. She is learning english in .............. To find a better job

3. I have to get up early so .............. I can study for the exam.

4. I’m surfing the internet ......... That i can find out more information.

5. I’m attending conversation lessons in .............to improve the language.

6. She will get the room ready in ............. They arrive.

7. She left early …………… as not to miss the train.

8. She is saving in ………………….. To go on holidays

EXERCISE 7: Complete the sentences using BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF

1. I’m tired ..................i have been working in the garden all the morning.

2. She couldn’t sleep ................... The noise outside.

3. The roads were blocked ..................the snow.

4. I’m very hungry ...............i didn’t eat anything this morning.

5. I didn’t like the dress .....................the colour.

6. I’m not going to wear this t-shirt ……………… it is too small

7. She didn’t go to the party ……………… her illness.

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EXERICSE 8: Complete the sentences using SO … THAT … or SUCH … THAT… or

SO

1. Terry spoke.......................(quietly) nobody could hear.

2. It was ..........................(cold) we have to stay inside.

3. They were tired ..................they went to bed early.

4. It was …………………….(delicious cake ) everybody ate it.

5. We were hungry ..............we bought a pizza.

6. The film was…......................... (funny) we couldn’t stop laughing.

7. It was ………………….(hot) we stayed in the pool all the afternoon.

8. I was …………………(busy) i forgot the meeting.

9. It was ………………….. (cold weather) we couldn’t go to the beach

10. There was ………………..(terrible storm) we stayed at home.

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[WRITING – In-class]

[HOW TO WRITE BODY PARAGRAPHS IN A DISCUSSION ESSAY]

SAMPLE QUESTION
In some countries, many more people are choosing to live alone nowadays than in the past.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

SAMPLE OUTLINE
• Body paragraph 1 - Advantages

Topic sentence Personal + economic reasons

The 1st advantage Personal reason: become more independent and self-reliant

Example A young adult who lives alone […]

The 2nd advantage Economic reason: greater demand for housing.

Explanation Benefit the construction industry, estate agents etc.

• Body paragraph 2 - Disadvantages

Topic sentence Personal + financial reasons

The 1st disadvantage Personal reason: experience feelings of loneliness, isolation and

worry.

Explanation Lack emotional support and daily conversation

Must bear the weight of all household bills and responsibilities

The 2nd disadvantage Financial reason: a rise in demand for housing => push up

property prices and rents

Explanation Face rising living costs

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EXERCISE 1: Based on the sample outline, rearrange the following sentences to write
two completed body paragraphs.

1. The rise in one-person households can be seen as positive for both personal and broader

economic reasons.

2. From an economic perspective, the trend towards living alone will result in greater demand

for housing.

3. They miss out on the emotional support and daily conversation that family or flatmates can

provide, and they must bear the weight of all household bills and responsibilities; in this

sense, perhaps the trend towards living alone is a negative one.

4. This is likely to benefit the construction industry, estate agents and a whole host of other

companies that rely on homeowners to buy their products or services.

5. Secondly, from the financial point of view, a rise in demand for housing is likely to push up

property prices and rents.

6. On an individual level, people who choose to live alone may become more independent and

self-reliant than those who live with family members.

7. However, the personal and economic arguments given above can be considered from the

opposite angle.

8. While this may benefit some businesses, the general population, including those who live

alone, will be faced with rising living costs.

9. A young adult who lives alone, for example, will need to learn to cook, clean, pay bills and

manage his or her budget, all of which are valuable life skills; an increase in the number of

such individuals can certainly be seen as a positive development.

10. Firstly, rather than the positive feeling of increased independence, people who live alone may

experience feelings of loneliness, isolation and worry.

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Body paragraph 1 – Advantages

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

Body paragraph 2 – Disadvantages

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

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………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

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1. VOCABULARY

a. Topic sentence

• On the one hand, …

On the other hand, …/ However, …

• … can be seen as positive/ negative for … and … reasons.

b. The advantages/ disadvantages

• Firstly, …

One of the main advantages/ disadvantages/ benefits/ drawbacks/ positive points/ negative

points of … is (that) …

• Secondly, …

Besides, …

In addition, …

Another major advantage/ disadvantage/ benefit/ drawback/ positive point/ negative point of

… is (that) …

• From the … viewpoint,

From a … perspective,

In terms of …,

Regarding …,

c. Example

• For example, …

For instance, …

To take an example, …

• … such as …

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2. PRACTICE

EXERCISE 2: Fill in the blank with suitable words

accessories public places revolutionized

distraction a popular target surf
stay in touch take you away concentration
gadget carry around interacting with
disturbance hijack breakdown
on the go personal assistant malicious
waves guarantee an emergency

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using mobile phones?

1. The mobile phone is the most popular _____________in today’s world
2. Users can send text messages, ____________the Internet, take photos and listen to
music
3. Their ___________could cause damage to our brains
4. Mobiles phones can be a problem in some __________________
5. Ringing phones cause ______________in cinemas and school lessons
6. Although the mobile phone does not ______________safety, you can use it to make
calls whenever there is ______________.
7. Mobiles have also become fashion _____________
8. In a family where every family member has a mobile phone and uses it every time they
are together, it might cause _____________ of relationships and families.
9. Mobile phones have _______________ the way we communicate
10. Mobile phones can also be a dangerous _______________
11. Using a phone while driving reduces the driver’s _____________
12. We can _____________with family, friends and colleagues wherever we are
13. Mobile phones are _______________________for thieves
14. Mobile phones are convenient to _________________and you can use them
__________________
15. It can easily ________________from the real life activities and you will find it hard
________________real people
16. Mobile phones have become the modern day________________.
17. It is also possible for someone to ______________your email and social media
accounts using your phone for _______________reasons.

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[WRITING – HOMEWORK]

EXERCISE 3:

EXERCISE 4:

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EXERCISE 5:

EXERCISE 6

In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced by international fast foods. Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of convenience foods.

OUTLINE
• Body paragraph 1 - Advantages

Topic sentence

The 1st advantage

Example/ Explanation

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The 2nd advantage

Example/ Explanation

• Body paragraph 2 - Disadvantages

Topic sentence

The 1st disadvantage

Example/ Explanation

The 2nd disadvantage

Example/ Explanation

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Based on the outline, write two body paragraph

Body paragraph 1

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

Body paragraph 2

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

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[READING - Homework]

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LESSON 15
GRAMMAR: Organizing text
SKILL: Speaking – Part 1 (Hometown)

[ORGANIZING TEXT]

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[SPEAKING - HOMETOWN]

EXERCISE: Fill in the blank

Cost of life Pace of life Atmosphere Amenities

Tourist attraction Specialties Ancient architecture Locals

Local cuisine Neighborhood Sense of community Residential area

1. It’s got a really relaxed_________________

2. The _________________ is fairly reasonable

3. One of the best points is that it has excellent ________________ of life

4. What I enjoy most is the __________________ there

5. There is a fairly slow _________________ where I come from

6. We have an unique __________________ with lots of _________________

7. We live in a ____________________ on the outskirts of the city

8. The __________________ I live in is, I guess, quite affluent

9. The_________________ in my hometown are extremely friendly

10. The _____________________ has been well-preserved for decades

11. Ha Long Bay is a famous _________________________ with breathtaking scenery

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[LISTENING - Homework]

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LESSON 16
GRAMMAR: Comparison (1)
SKILL: Writing – Task 2 (Problem & Solution)

[COMPARISON]

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EXERCISE 1:

EXERCISE 2:

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[WRITING]

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[READING - Homework]

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LESSON 17
GRAMMAR: Comparison (2)
SKILL: Speaking – Part 2 (Describing people)

[COMPARISON]

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EXERCISE 1:

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EXERCISE 2:

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[SPEAKING]

1. A FAMOUS PERSON
a. I am from Australia and Hugh Jackman is one of the most famous persons in my
country. His full name is Hugh Michael Jackman and he was born in 1968. He is a famous
actor, producer and revered superstar for his superb performance in TV, film and musical
theatre.

He is well known for the superhero character Wolverine in the X-Men series and his
leading roles in many well-known movies like Australia, Kate & Leopold, Les Misérables,
Van Helsing, The Prestige, Real Steel, and Prisoners.

I mention specifically him because I’m a big fan of his acting and performance. I have seen
almost all of his movies and TV serials and consider him to one of the world’s most
prominent actors.

Through his acting, fame and donation he is trying to fight poverty and is trying to help
the people in need. That’s a great way of extending hand for people in need.

b. Bryan Adams is my favourite singer and I like his songs very much. His full name is
Bryan Guy Adams and he was born around 1959 in Canada. Besides his identity as a
singer, he is also a producer, actor, activist and photographer.

I like him mostly because of his distinguishable and remarkable vocal. He is the leader of
rock songs of his time. The lyrics and music are extraordinary and whenever I listen to his
songs, it gives me sensational feelings. Many of his songs have become parts of my life
and memory. He is such a singer who can amuse me with most of his songs. Because of
the rich lyrics and pleasant voice, he has become my most favourite singer.

2. SOMEONE WHO HAS HAD AN IMPORTANT INFLUENCE ON YOUR LIFE

a. I consider myself lucky to get several very good teachers throughout my academic
years. Among them I'd like to talk about Mr. Smith who was an extraordinary teacher, a
really good mentor and who has a great influence in my education.

I met Mr. Smith when I was in class 4 and he was our math teacher. He had a very unique
way of teaching. Seems like he would start an interesting story and later we would find that he
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would relate the math with the story. Thus everything we learned from him was interesting
and that's why we remember most of the theory and techniques of math he taught us.

I'd say he has a great influence in my education because he made a very strong foundation
on Mathematics. Later on I studied Science and the Mathematics was the most important
subject. I have always been good at math and that' mainly because of Mr. Smith who had a
major role on making the subject interesting to me.

b. The friend I like to spent time with is Steven. I met him when I was only 8 years old
and was in primary school. After that our intimacy grew up and we became best friends. I
like to spend time with him because we have many common interests between us. I never
feel bored spending time with him. Since we are friends for a long time, we understand
each other. A good friend always extends helping hands when in need and I've found
Steven by my side always. We do so many fun stuffs together and help each other in our
study. Good friendship, understanding and common interests makes us close friends and
those are the major factors for what I like to spend time with his.

3. A FAMILY MEMBER

I've got a small family with only five members and all of us are very close to each other and
we love each other very much. Among them I love my mother more than anyone else in the
whole world. I adore my mother for her caring, loving, adorable behaviors and wit. She is
the person I can share everything with and that's the reason I worship her so much.

Possibly she was the first human I saw when I opened my eyes in this world. A relationship
with a mother is divine and all of my childhood memories are either related to my mom or
my school. The reasons why I admire her are endless. She is caring, tender, she has got a
big heart and she possesses love for everyone. She had been an ideal mother to raise 3
kids and making sure our education and moral values. She had made a lot of sacrifices
all of her life and had never complained about anything to my best knowledge. She is the
person who reminds me the power of love and caring.

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[LISTENING - Homework]

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