Secondary Education Curriculum

2076
Maths

Grades: 11 and 12 Subject code: Mat. 401 ( Grade 11 ),

Mat. 402 (Grade 12)
Credit hrs: 5 Working hrs: 160

1. Introduction
Mathematics is an indispensable in many fields. It is essential in the field of engineering,
medicine, natural sciences, finance and other social sciences. The branch of mathematics
concerned with application of mathematical knowledge to other fields and inspires new
mathematical discoveries. The new discoveries in mathematics led to the development of entirely
new mathematical disciplines. School mathematics is necessary as the backbone for higher study
in different disciplines. Mathematics curriculum at secondary level is the extension of mathematics
curriculum offered in lower grades (1 to 10).
This course of Mathematics is designed for grade 11 and 12 students as an optional subject as per
the curriculum structure prescribed by the National Curriculum Framework, 2075. This course will
be delivered using both the conceptual and theoretical inputs through demonstration and
presentation, discussion, and group works as well as practical and project works in the real world
context. Calculation strategies and problem solving skills will be an integral part of the delivery.
This course includes different contents like; Algebra, Trigonometry, Analytic Geometry, Vectors,
Statistics and Probability, Calculus, Computational Methods and Mechanics or Mathematics for
Economics and Finance.
Student’s content knowledge in different sectors of mathematics with higher understanding is
possible only with appropriate pedagogical skills of their teachers. So, classroom teaching must be
based on student-centered approaches like project work, problem solving etc.
2. Level-wise Competencies
On completion of this course, students will have the following competencies:
1. apply numerical methods to solve algebraic equation and calculate definite integrals and
use simplex method to solve linear programming problems (LPP).
2. use principles of elementary logic to find the validity of statement.
3. make connections and present the relationships between abstract algebraic structures with
familiar number systems such as the integers and real numbers.
4. use basic properties of elementary functions and their inverse including linear, quadratic,
reciprocal, polynomial, rational, absolute value, exponential, logarithm, sine, cosine and
tangent functions.
5. identify and derive equations or graphs for lines, circles, parabolas, ellipses, and
hyperbolas,
6. use relative motion, Newton’s laws of motion in solving related problems.

Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths) 19

 7. articulate personal values of statistics and probability in everyday life.
8. apply derivatives to determine the nature of the function and determine the maxima and
minima of a function and normal increasing and decreasing function into context of daily
life.
9. explain anti-derivatives as an inverse process of derivative and use them in various
situations.
10. use vectors and mechanics in day to day life.
11. develop proficiency in application of mathematics in economics and finance.
3. Grade-wise Learning Outcomes
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:

S. Content Learning Outcomes

N. Domain/area
Grade 11 Grade 12

1. Algebra 1.1 acquaint with logical 1.1 solve the problems related to
connectives and use them. permutation and combinations.
1.2 construct truth tables. 1.2 state and prove binomial
1.3 prove set identities. theorems for positive integral
index.
1.4 state field axioms, order axioms
of real numbers. 1.3 state binomial theorem for any
index (without proof).
1.5 define interval and absolute
value of real numbers. 1.4 find the general term and
binomial coefficient.
1.6 interpret real numbers
geometrically. 1.5 use binomial theorem in
application to approximation.
1.7 define ordered pair, Cartesian
product, domain and range of 1.6 define Euler's number.
relation, inverse of relation and 1.7 Expand ex, ax and log(1+x)
solve the related problems. using binomial theorem.
1.8 define domain and range of a 1.8 define binary operation and
function, inverse function apply binary operation on sets
composite function. of integers.
1.9 find domain and range of a 1.9 state properties of binary
function. operations.
1.10 find inverse function of given 1.10 define group, finite
invertible function. group, infinite group and
1.11 calculate composite function of abelian group.
given functions. 1.11 prove the uniqueness of
1.12 define odd and even functions, identity, uniqueness of inverse,
periodicity of a function, cancelation law.
monotonicity of a function. 1.12 state and prove De
1.13 sketch graphs of polynomial Moivre's theorem.

20 Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths)

 functions 1.13 find the roots of a
(𝑒𝑔: ,
,
,𝑎𝑥 + bx + complex number by De
Moivre's theorem.
c, a𝑥 ), trigonometric,
exponential, logarithmic 1.14 solve the problems using
functions. properties of cube roots of
unity.
1.14 define sequence and series.
1.15 apply Euler's formula.
1.15 classify sequences and series
(arithmetic, geometric, 1.16 define polynomial
harmonic). function and polynomial
equation.
1.16 solve the problems related to
arithmetic, geometric and 1.17 state and apply
harmonic sequences and series. fundamental theorem of
algebra (without proof).
1.17 establish relation among A.M,
G. M and H.M. 1.18 find roots of a quadratic
equation.
1.18 find the sum of infinite
geometric series. 1.19 establish the relation
between roots and coefficient
1.19 obtain transpose of matrix and of quadratic equation.
verify its properties.
1.20 form a quadratic equation
1.20 calculate minors, cofactors, with given roots.
adjoint, determinant and inverse
of a square matrix. 1.21 sum of finite natural
numbers, sum of squares of
1.21 solve the problems using first n-natural numbers, sum of
properties of determinants. cubes of first n-natural
1.22 define a complex number. numbers, intuition and
induction, principle of
1.23 solve the problems related to
mathematical induction.
algebra of complex numbers.
1.22 using principle of
1.24 represent complex number
mathematical induction, find
geometrically.
the sum of finite natural
1.25 find conjugate and absolute numbers, sum of squares of
value (modulus) of a complex first n-natural numbers, sum of
numbers and verify their cubes of first n-natural
properties. numbers.
1.26 find square root of a complex 1.23 solve system of linear
number. equations by Cramer's rule and
1.27 express complex number in matrix method (row-
polar form. equivalent and inverse) up to
three variables.

2. Trigonometr 2.1 solve the problems using 2.1 define inverse circular
y properties of a triangle (sine law, functions.
cosine law, tangent law, establish the relations on
projection laws, half angle laws). inverse circular functions.

Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths) 21

 2.2 solve the triangle(simple cases) 2.2 find the general solution of
trigonometric equations

3. Analytic 3.1 find the length of perpendicular 3.1 obtain standard equation of
geometry from a given point to a given ellipse and hyperbola.
line. 3.2 find direction ratios and
3.2 find the equation of bisectors of direction cosines of a line.
the angles between two straight 3.3 find the general equation of a
lines. plane.
3.3 write the condition of general 3.4 find equation of a plane in
equation of second degree in x intercept and normal form.
and y to represent a pair of
straight lines. 3.5 find the equation of plane
through three given points.
3.4 find angle between pair of lines
and bisectors of the angles 3.6 find the equation of geometric
between pair of lines given by plane through the intersection
homogenous second degree of two given planes.
equation in x and y. 3.7 find angle between two
3.5 solve the problems related to geometric planes.
condition of tangency of a line at 3.8 write the conditions of parallel
a point to the circle. and perpendicular planes.
3.6 find the equations of tangent and 3.9 find the distance of a point
normal to a circle at given point. from a plane.
3.7 find the standard equation of
parabola.
3.8 find the equations of tangent and
normal to a parabola at given
point.

4. Vectors 4.1 identify collinear and non- 4.1 define vector product of two
collinear vectors; coplanar and vectors, interpretation vector
non-coplanar vectors. product geometrically.
4.2 write linear combination of 4.2 solve the problems using
vectors. properties of vector product.
4.3 find scalar product of two 4.3 apply vector product in plane
vectors. trigonometry and geometry.
4.4 find angle between two vectors.
4.5 interpret scalar product of vectors
geometrically.
4.6 apply properties of scalar product
of vectors in trigonometry and
geometry.

5. Statistics and 5.1 calculate the measures of 5.1 calculate correlation coefficient

22 Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths)

 Probability dispersion (standard deviation). by Karl Pearson's method.
5.2 calculate variance, coefficient of 5.2 calculate rank correlation
variation and coefficient of coefficient by Spearman
skewness. method.
5.3 define random experiment, 5.3 interpret correlation
sample space, event, equally coefficient.
likely cases, mutually exclusive 5.4 obtain regression line of y on x
events, exhaustive cases, and x on y.
favorable cases, independent
and dependent events. 5.5 solve the simple problems of
probability using
5.4 find the probability using two combinations.
basic laws of probability.
5.6 solve the problems related to
conditional probability.
5.7 use binomial distribution and
calculate mean and standard
deviation of binomial
distribution.

6. Calculus 6.1 define limits of a function. 6.1 find the derivatives of inverse
6.2 identify indeterminate forms. trigonometric, exponential and
logarithmic functions by
6.3 apply algebraic properties of definition.
limits.
6.2 establish the relationship
6.4 evaluate limits by using theorems between continuity and
on limits of algebraic, differentiability.
trigonometric, exponential and
logarithmic functions. 6.3 differentiate the hyperbolic
function and inverse
6.5 define and test continuity of a hyperbolic function
function.
6.4 evaluate the limits by
6.6 define and classify L'hospital's rule (for 0/0, ∞/∞).
discontinuity.
6.5 find the tangent and normal by
6.7 interpret derivatives using derivatives.
geometrically.
6.6 interpret geometrically and
6.8 find the derivatives, derivative verify Rolle's theorem and
of a function by first principle Mean Value theorem.
(algebraic, trigonometric
exponential and logarithmic 6.7 find the anti-derivatives of
functions). standard integrals, integrals
reducible to standard forms
6.9 find the derivatives by using and rational function (using
rules of differentiation (sum, partial fractions also).
difference, constant multiple,
chain rule, product rule, 6.8 solve the differential equation
quotient rule, power and of first order and first degree
general power rules). by separable variables,
homogenous, linear and exact

Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths) 23

 6.10 find the derivatives of differential equation.
parametric and implicit
functions.
6.11 calculate higher order
derivatives.
6.12 check the monotonicity of a
function using derivative.
6.13 find extreme values of a
function.
6.14 find the concavity of function
by using derivative.
6.15 define integration as reverse of
differentiation.
6.16 evaluate the integral using
basic integrals.
6.17 integrate by substitution and by
integration by parts method.
6.18 evaluate the definite integral.
6.19 find area between two curves.

7. Computation 7.1 tell the basic idea of 7.1 solve algebraic polynomial
al methods characteristics of numerical and transcendental equations
computing, accuracy, rate of by Newton-Raphson methods.
convergence, numerical stability, 7.2 solve the linear programming
efficiency). problems (LPP) by simplex
7.2 approximate error in computing method of two variables.
roots of non-linear equation. 7.3 integrate numerically by
7.3 solve algebraic polynomial and trapezoidal and Simpson's
transcendental equations by rules and estimate the errors.
bisection method

8. Mechanics 8.1 find resultant forces by 8.1 find the resultant of like and
parallelogram of forces. unlike parallel forces/vectors.
8.2 solve the problems related to 8.2 solve the problems related to
composition and resolution of Newton's laws of motion and
forces. projectile.
8.3 obtain resultant of coplanar
forces/vectors acting on a point.
8.4 solve the forces/vectors related
problems using Lami’s theorem.
8.5 solve the problems of motion of
particle in a straight line, motion
with uniform acceleration,

24 Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths)

 motion under the gravity, motion
in a smooth inclined plane.
Or Or
Or
8.1 interpret results in the context of 8.1 use quadratic functions in
original real- world problems. economics,
8.2 test how well it describes the 8.2 understand input- output
Mathematics original real- world problem and analysis and dynamics of
for how well it describes past and/or market price.
Economics with what accuracy it predicts 8.3 find difference equations.
and Finance future behavior.
8.4 work with Cobweb model and
8.3 Model using demand and supply lagged Keynesian
function. macroeconomic model.
8.4 Find cost, revenue, and profit 8.5 explain mathematically
functions. equilibrium and break-even.
8.5 Compute elasticity of demands. 8.6 construct mathematical models
8.6 Construct mathematical models involving consumer and
involving supply and income, producer surplus.
budget and cost constraint. 8.7 use quadratic functions in
8.7 Test the equilibrium and break economics.
even condition. 8.8 do input- output analysis.
8.9 analyze dynamics of market.
8.10 construct difference equations,
8.11 understand cobweb model,
lagged Keynesian
macroeconomics model.

4. Scope and Sequence of Contents

S.N. Content Grade 11 Grade 12

area
Contents Working Working
hrs hrs

1 Alge 1.1 Logic and Set: 1.1 Permutation and

bra introduction of Logic, combination: Basic
statements, logical principle of counting,
connectives, truth Permutation of (a) set of
tables, basic laws of 32 objects all different (b) set of 32
logic, theorems based objects not all different (c)
on set operations. circular arrangement (d)
1.2 Real numbers: field repeated use of the same
axioms, order objects. Combination of

Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths) 25

 axioms, interval, things all different,
absolute value, Properties of combination
geometric 1.2 Binomial Theorem:
representation of Binomial theorem for a
real numbers. positive integral index,
1.3 Function: Review, general term. Binomial
domain & range of a coefficient, Binomial
function, Inverse theorem for any index
function, composite (without proof), application
function, functions of to approximation. Euler's
special type, number. Expansion of 𝑒 , 𝑎
algebraic (linear, and log(1+x) (without proof)
quadratic & cubic),
1.3 Elementary Group Theory:
Trigonometric,
Binary operation, Binary
exponential, operation on sets of integers
logarithmic)
and their properties,
1.4 Curve sketching: Definition of a group, Finite
odd and even and infinite groups.
functions, periodicity Uniqueness of identity,
of a function, Uniqueness of inverse,
symmetry (about Cancelation law, Abelian
origin, x-and y-axis), group.
monotonicity of a
1.4 Complex numbers: De
function, sketching
Moivre's theorem and its
graphs of
application in finding the
polynomials and
roots of a complex number,
some rational
properties of cube roots of
functions
unity. Euler's formula.
,
( , ,a𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 1.5 Quadratic equation: Nature
𝑐, 𝑎𝑥 ), Trigonometric, and roots of a quadratic
exponential, logarithmic equation, Relation between
function (simple cases roots and coefficient.
only) Formation of a quadratic
equation, Symmetric roots,
1.5 Sequence and series: one or both roots common.
arithmetic, geometric,
harmonic sequences 1.6 Mathematical induction:
and series and their Sum of finite natural
properties A.M, G.M, numbers, sum of squares of
H.M and their first n-natural numbers, Sum
relations, sum of of cubes of first n- natural
infinite geometric numbers, Intuition and
series. induction, principle of
mathematical induction.
1.6 Matrices and
determinants: 1.7 Matrix based system of
Transpose of a matrix linear equation:
and its properties, Consistency of system of
linear equations, Solution of

26 Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths)

 Minors and cofactors, a system of linear equations
Adjoint, Inverse by Cramer's rule. Matrix
matrix, Determinant method (row- equivalent and
of a square matrix, Inverse) up to three
Properties of variables.
determinants (without
proof)
1.7 Complex number:
definition imaginary
unit, algebra of
complex numbers,
geometric
representation,
absolute value
(Modulus) and
conjugate of a
complex numbers and
their properties,
square root of a
complex number,
polar form of
complex numbers.

2 Trigono 2.1 Properties of a triangle 2.1 Inverse circular functions.

metry (Sine law, Cosine law, 2.2 Trigonometric equations and
tangent law, Projection general values
laws, Half angle laws). 8 8
2.2 Solution of
triangle(simple cases)

3 Analytic 3.1 Straight Line: length 3.1 Conic section: Standard

Geometr of perpendicular from equations of Ellipse and
y a given point to a hyperbola.
given line. Bisectors 3.2 Coordinates in space:
of the angles between direction cosines and ratios
two straight lines. of a line general equation of
Pair of straight lines: a plane, equation of a plane
General equation of in intercept and normal form, 14
second degree in x 14
plane through 3 given points,
and y, condition for plane through the
representing a pair of intersection of two given
lines. Homogenous planes, parallel and
second-degree perpendicular planes, angle
equation in x and y. between two planes, distance
angle between pair of of a point from a plane.
lines. Bisectors of the
angles between pair of

Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths) 27

 lines.
3.2 Circle: Condition of
tangency of a line at a
point to the circle,
Tangent and normal to
a circle.
3.3 Conic section:
Standard equation of
parabola, equations of
tangent and normal to
a parabola at a given
point.

4 Vectors 4.1 Vectors: collinear and 4.1 Product of Vectors: vector

non collinear vectors, product of two vectors,
coplanar and non- geometrical interpretation of
coplanar vectors, vector product, properties of
linear combination of vector product, application of
vectors, vector product in plane
4.2 Product of vectors: trigonometry.
scalar product of two 8 4.2 Scalar triple Product: 8
vectors, angle introduction of scalar triple
between two vectors, product
geometric
interpretation of scalar
product, properties of
scalar product,
condition of
perpendicularity.

5 Statistics 5.1 Measure of 5.1 Correlation and

& Dispersion: Regression: correlation,
Probabili introduction, standard nature of correlation,
ty deviation), variance, correlation coefficient by
coefficient of Karl Pearson's method,
variation, Skewness interpretation of correlation
(Karl Pearson and coefficient, properties of
Bowley) correlation coefficient
5.2 Probability: (without proof), rank
10 10
independent cases, correlation by Spearman,
mathematical and regression equation,
empirical definition of regression line of y on x and
probability, two basic x on y.
laws of 5.2 Probability: Dependent
probability(without cases, conditional probability
proof). (without proof), binomial
distribution, mean and
standard deviation of

28 Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths)

 binomial distribution
(without proof).

6 Calculus 6.1 Limits and 6.1 Derivatives: derivative of

continuity: limits of a inverse trigonometric,
function, exponential and logarithmic
indeterminate forms. function by definition,
algebraic properties of relationship between
limits (without proof), continuity and
Basic theorems on differentiability, rules for
limits of algebraic, differentiating hyperbolic
trigonometric, function and inverse
exponential and hyperbolic function,
logarithmic functions, L’Hospital's rule (0/0, ∞/∞),
continuity of a differentials, tangent and
function, types of normal, geometrical
discontinuity, graphs interpretation and application
of discontinuous of Rolle’s theorem and mean
function. value theorem.
6.2 Derivatives: 6.2 Anti-derivatives: anti-
derivative of a derivatives, standard
function, derivatives integrals, integrals reducible
of algebraic, to standard forms, integrals
trigonometric, of rational function.
exponential and 6.3 Differential equations:
logarithmic functions 32 differential equation and its
32
by definition (simple order, degree, differential
forms), rules of equations of first order and
differentiation. first degree, differential
derivatives of equations with separable
parametric and variables, homogenous,
implicit functions, linear and exact differential
higher order equations.
derivatives, geometric
interpretation of
derivative,
monotonicity of a
function, interval of
monotonicity, extreme
of a function,
concavity, points of
inflection, derivative
as rate of measure.
6.3 Anti-derivatives:
anti-derivative.
integration using basic
integrals, integration
by substitution and by

Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths) 29

 parts methods, the
definite integral, the
definite integral as an
area under the given
curve, area between
two curves.

7 Computa 7.1 Linear programming 7.1 Computing Roots:

tional Problems: linear Approximation & error in
Methods programming computation of roots in non-
problems(LPP), linear equation, Algebraic
solution of LPP by and transcendental equations
simplex method (two & their solution by bisection
variables) and Newton- Raphson
7.2 Numerical 10 Methods 10
computation 7.2 System of linear equations:
Characteristics of
numerical Gauss elimination method,
computation, Gauss- Seidal method, Ill
accuracy, rate of conditioned systems.
convergence, 7.3 Numerical integration
numerical stability, Trapezoidal and Simpson's
efficiency rules, estimation of errors.

8 Mechani 8.1 Statics: Forces and 8.1 Statics: Resultant of like and
cs resultant forces, unlike parallel forces.
Or parallelogram law of 8.2 Dynamics: Newton's laws of
forces, composition motion and projectile.
and resolution of
forces, Resultant of 8.3 Mathematics for economics
coplanar forces acting and finance: Consumer and
on a point, Triangle Producer Surplus, Quadratic
law of forces and functions in Economics,
Lami's theorem. Input-Output analysis,
Dynamics of market price,
8.2 Dynamics: Motion of Difference equations, The
particle in a straight 12 Cobweb model, Lagged 12
line, Motion with Keynesian macroeconomic
uniform acceleration, model.
motion under the
gravity, motion down
Mathem a smooth inclined
atics for plane. The concepts
Economi and theorem restated
cs and and formulated as
Finance application of calculus
8.3 Mathematics for
economics and
finance:

30 Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths)

 Mathematical Models
and Functions,
Demand and supply,
Cost, Revenue, and
profit functions,
Elasticity of demand,
supply and income ,
Budget and Cost
Constraints,
Equilibrium and break
even

Total 126
126

5. Practical and project activities

The students are required to do different practical activities in different content areas and the
teachers should plan in the same way. Total of 34 working hours is allocated for practical and
project activities in each of the grades 11 and 12. The following table shows estimated working
hours for practical activities in different content areas of grade 11 and 12

Working hrs in each of the

S. No. Content area/domain
grades 11 and 12

1. Algebra 10

2. Trigonometry 2

3. Analytic geometry 4

4. Vectors 2

5. Statistics & Probability 2

6. Calculus 10

7. Computational methods 2

Mechanics or Mathematics for

8. 2
Economics and Finance

Total 34

Here are some sample (examples) of practical and project activities.

Sample project works/mathematical activities for grade 11
1. Take a square of arbitrary measure assuming its area is one square unit. Divide it in to
four equal parts and shade one of them. Again take one not shaded part of that square and

Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths) 31

 shade one fourth of it. Repeat the same process continuously and find the area of the
shaded region.
2. Write two simple statements related to mathematics and write four compound statements
by using them.
3. Prepare a model to illustrate the values of sine function and cosine function for different

angles which are multiples of 2 and .

4. Verify the sine law by taking particular triangle in four quadrants.

5. Prepare a concrete material to show parabola by using thread and nail in wooden panel.
6. Verify that the equation of a line passing through the point of intersection of two lines a1x
+ b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 is of the form (a1x + b1y + c1) + K(a2x + b2y + c2) =
0.
7. Prepare a model and verify that angle in a semi-circle is a right angle by using vector
method.
8. Geometrically interpret the scalar product of two vectors.
9. Collect the scores of grade 10 students in mathematics and English from your school.
a. Make separate frequency distribution with class size 10.
b. Which subject has more uniform/consistent result?
c. Make the group report and present.
10. Roll two dices simultaneously 20 times and list all outcomes. Write the events that the
sum of numbers on the top of both dice is a) even b) odd in all above list. Examine
either they are mutually exclusive or not. Also find the probabilities of both events.
11. Collect the data of age of more than 100 peoples of your community.
a. Make continuous frequency distributions of class size 20, 15, 12, 10, 8 and 5.
b. Construct histograms and the frequency polygons and frequency curves in each
cases.
c. Estimate the area between the frequency curve and frequency polygon in each
cases.
d. Find the trend and generalize the result.
e. Present the result in class.
12. A metallic bar of length 96 inch was used to make a rectangular frame. Find the
dimension of the rectangular metallic frame with maximum area.
13. Find the roots of any polynomial by using ICT and present in the classroom.
14. Search a daily life problem on projectile motion. Solve that problem and present in the
classroom.
15. Construct mathematical models involving supply and income, budget and cost constraint
of a production company.

32 Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths)

Sample project works/mathematical activities for grade 12
1. Represent the binomial theorem of power 1, 2, and 3 separately by using concrete
materials and generalize it with n dimension relating with Pascal's triangle.
2. Take four sets R, Q, Z, N and the binary operations +, ‒, ×. Test which binary operation
forms group or not with R, Q, Z, N.
3. Prepare a model to explore the principal value of the function sin–1x using a unit circle
and present in the classroom.
4. Draw the graph of sin‒1x, using the graph of sin x and demonstrate the concept of mirror
reflection (about the line y = x).
5. Fix a point on the middle of the ceiling of your classroom. Find the distance between that
point and four corners of the floor.
6. Construct an ellipse using a rectangle.
7. Express the area of triangle and parallelogram in terms of vector.
8. Verify geometrically that: 𝑐⃗ × (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗) = 𝑐⃗ × 𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗ × 𝑏⃗
9. Collect the grades obtained by 10 students of grade 11 in their final examination of
English and Mathematics. Find the correlation coefficient between the grades of two
subjects and analyze the result.
10. Find two regression equations by taking two set of data from your textbook. Find the
point where the two regression equations intersect. Analyze the result and prepare a
report.
11. Find, how many peoples will be there after 5 years in your districts by using the concept
of differentiation.
12. Verify that the integration is the reverse process of differentiation with examples and
curves.
13. Correlate the trapezoidal rule and Simpson rule of numerical integration with suitable
example.
14. Identify different applications of Newton's law of motion and related cases in our daily
life.
15. Construct and present Cobweb model and lagged Keynesian macroeconomic model .
6. Learning Facilitation Method and Process
Teacher has to emphasis on the active learning process and on the creative solution of the exercise
included in the textbook rather than teacher centered method while teaching mathematics. Students
need to be encouraged to use the skills and knowledge related to maths in their house,
neighborhood, school and daily activities. Teacher has to analyze and diagnose the weakness of
the students and create appropriate learning environment to solve mathematical problems in the
process of teaching learning.
The emphasis should be given to use diverse methods and techniques for learning facilitation.
However, the focus should be given to those method and techniques that promote students' active
participation in the learning process. The following are some of the teaching methods that can be
used to develop mathematical competencies of the students:

Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths) 33

  Inductive and deductive method
 Problem solving method
 Case study
 Project work method
 Question answer and discussion method
 Discovery method/ use of ICT
 Co-operative learning
7. Student Assessment
Evaluation is an integral part of learning process. Both formative and summative evaluation
system will be used to evaluate the learning of the students. Students should be evaluated to assess
the learning achievements of the students. There are two basic purposes of evaluating students in
Mathematics: first, to provide regular feedback to the students and bringing improvement in
student learning-the formative purpose; and second, to identify student's learning levels for
decision making.
a. Internal Examination/Assessment
i. Project Work: Each Student should do one project work from each of eight content areas
and has to give a 15 minute presentation for each project work in classroom. These seven
project works will be documented in a file and will be submitted at the time of external
examination. Out of eight projects, any one should be presented at the time of external
examination by each student.
ii. Mathematical activity: Mathematical activities mean various activities in which
students willingly and purposefully work on Mathematics. Mathematical activities can
include various activities like (i) Hands-on activities (ii) Experimental activities (iii)
physical activities. Each student should do one activity from each of eight content area
(altogether seven activities). These activities will be documented in a file and will be
submitted at the time of external examination. Out of eight activities, any one should be
presented at the time of external examination by each student.
iii. Demonstration of Competency in classroom activity: During teaching learning process
in classroom, students demonstrate 10 competencies through activities. The evaluation of
students' performance should be recorded by subject teacher on the following basis.
 Through mathematical activities and presentation of project works.
 Identifying basic and fundamental knowledge and skills.
 Fostering students' ability to think and express with good perspectives and logically
on matters of everyday life.
 Finding pleasure in mathematical activities and appreciate the value of mathematical
approaches.
 Fostering and attitude to willingly make use of mathematics in their lives as well as
in their learning.
iv. Marks from trimester examinations: Marks from each trimester examination will be
converted into full marks 3 and calculated total marks of two trimester in each grade.
The weightage for internal assessment are as follows:

34 Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths)

 Classroom Project work /Mathematical Demonstration of Marks from Total
participation activity (at least 10 competency in terminal
work/activities from the classroom activity exams
above mentioned project
work/mathematical activities
should be evaluated)

3 10 6 6 25

b. External Examination/Evaluation
External evaluation of the students will be based on the written examination at the end of each
grade. It carries 75 percent of the total weightage. The types and number questions will be as per
the test specification chart developed by the Curriculum Development Centre.

Secondary Education Curriculum, 2076 (Maths) 35