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Under Over Frequency Relay Simulink Model

This document describes how to model under and over frequency relays in MATLAB Simulink. It defines under and over frequency relays as relays that operate when the system frequency exceeds predetermined thresholds. It provides typical settings for under and over frequency relays, such as tripping at 48.5Hz and 47.5Hz for under frequency protection in two stages. It also discusses modeling the frequency variations as steps and calculating the trip times based on the ride through delays and mechanical contact movements. Professor Rodney Tan developed a Simulink model for frequency relays that is cited.

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685 views14 pages

Under Over Frequency Relay Simulink Model

This document describes how to model under and over frequency relays in MATLAB Simulink. It defines under and over frequency relays as relays that operate when the system frequency exceeds predetermined thresholds. It provides typical settings for under and over frequency relays, such as tripping at 48.5Hz and 47.5Hz for under frequency protection in two stages. It also discusses modeling the frequency variations as steps and calculating the trip times based on the ride through delays and mechanical contact movements. Professor Rodney Tan developed a Simulink model for frequency relays that is cited.

Uploaded by

sengsouvanhphaysaly phaysaly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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How to Design Under/Over

Frequency Relay Model in


MATLAB SIMLINK

By: Dr. J. A. Laghari


Frequency Relay
 Def: It is a relay that operates when the system frequency exceed the
predetermined value.
 Frequency Relay (ANSI/IEEE
C37.2 device number 81) that
Over
operates when the system Frequency
Frequency
frequency is less than or Relay
Relay
exceed the predetermined
value.
 81U or 81L Number is known as Under
Under frequency Relay. Frequency Relay
 81O or 81H Number is known as
Over Frequency Relay.
Under Frequency Relay (81U)
 Def: A frequency Relay which is actuated by a fall in electrical frequency is
known as Under frequency Relay.
 Under Frequency Protection is used to protect the transformer, generator when
the frequency drops below the operating frequency.
 Under frequency occurs due to turbine low
speed or grid frequency fluctuation.
 Under frequency relays are also used to
shed automatically certain portion of load
whenever the system frequency falls to
such a low level as to threaten the
stability of the power system.
Under Frequency Relay (81U)
 The Type 81 is available in one and two stage models with means to select
either under frequency or over frequency operation.
 The generator under frequency Relay consists of two stage tripping.
 Under Frequency relay setting:
 Stage1: At 48.5 Hz of the rated frequency, trip
command is sent to grid circuit breaker.
 Stage2: At 47.5 Hz of the rated frequency, trip
command is sent to Generator circuit breaker.
Over Frequency Relay (81O)
 Def: A frequency Relay which is actuated by a Rise in electrical frequency is
known as Over frequency Relay.
 Over frequency protection is used to protect the generator from over speeding
of generator’s rotor.
 The generator over frequency Relay consists
of two stage tripping.
 Over Frequency relay setting:
 Stage1: At 51.5 Hz of rated frequency, trip
command is sent to grid circuit breaker.
 Stage 2: At 52.5 Hz of rated frequency, trip
command is sent to Generator circuit
breaker.
Professor Rodney Tan
Frequency Relay Simulink Model
Developed by Prof. Rodney Tan
Cite As:

• Rodney Tan (2021). Frequency Relay Block


(https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/filee
xchange/64572-frequency-relay-block), MATLAB
Central File Exchange. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
Professor Rodney Tan
Frequency Relay Simulink Model
Developed by Prof. Rodney Tan
System Parameters
Parameter Rated Value
Single Phase Voltage 220 V-230 V
System Frequency 50 Hz
 Line Voltage,
Phase to Phase 𝑉𝐿 = 3 × 𝑉𝑃𝐻 = 3 × (220 𝑂𝑅 230)=400 V
Voltage

 Peak Voltage,
𝑉𝑃 = 2 × 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆=𝑃𝐻 = 2 × (220 𝑂𝑅 230)=311 V OR 325V
Under/Over Frequency % Variations
Parameter Rated Value
±1% Variation 50*(±1/100)= ±0.5Hz
±2% Variation 50*(±2/100)= ±1.0Hz
±3% Variation 50*(±3/100)= ±1.5Hz
±4% Variation 50*(±4/100)= ±2.0Hz
±5% Variation 50*(±5/100)= ±2.5Hz
±6% Variation 50*(±6/100)= ±3.0Hz
Under Frequency Variations
 Under Frequency relay Step Magnitude of -3 Hz:
 50 Hz – 3 Hz = 47 Hz
 Under Frequency relay Step Magnitude of -2.5 Hz:
 50 Hz – 2.5 Hz = 47.5 Hz
 Under Frequency relay Step Magnitude of -2 Hz:
 50 Hz – 2 Hz = 48 Hz
 Under Frequency relay Step Magnitude of -1 Hz:
 50 Hz – 1 Hz = 49 Hz
 Under Frequency relay Step Magnitude of -0.5 Hz:
 50 Hz – 0.5 Hz = 49.5 Hz
Over Frequency Variations
 Over Frequency relay Step Magnitude of 3 Hz:
 50 Hz + 3 Hz = 53 Hz
 Over Frequency relay Step Magnitude of 2.5 Hz:
 50 Hz + 2 Hz = 52.5 Hz
 Over Frequency relay Step Magnitude of 2 Hz:
 50 Hz + 2 Hz = 52 Hz
 Over Frequency relay Step Magnitude of 1 Hz:
 50 Hz + 1 Hz = 51 Hz
 Over Frequency relay Step Magnitude of 0.5 Hz:
 50 Hz + 0.5 Hz = 50.5 Hz
Trip Time for 5% Frequency Variation
 Time at which system frequency variation starts:
 Time = 0.1 seconds
 Time Taken by System Frequency to reach at 47.5 Hz (5% variation):
 Time = 0.16 seconds
 Ride Through Time Delay:
 Time = 0.2 seconds
 Additional Time Delay for Mechanical Movement of the Relay Contact:
 Time = 0.02 seconds = 20 milliseconds
 Total Time for Trip Signal:
 TS = 0.16 + 0.2 + 0.02 = 0.38 Seconds.
Trip Time for 2% Frequency Variation
 Time at which system frequency variation starts:
 Time = 0.1 seconds
 Time Taken by System Frequency to reach at 49 Hz (2% variation):
 Time = 0.131 seconds
 Ride Through Time Delay:
 Time = 0.1 seconds
 Additional Time Delay for Mechanical Movement of the Relay Contact:
 Time = 0.02 seconds = 20 milliseconds
 Total Time for Trip Signal:
 TS = 0.131 + 0.1 + 0.02 = 0.251 Seconds.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH

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