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EMC Chap 2

This document discusses EMC requirements for electronic systems. It outlines that EMC requirements go beyond functional performance and include both governmental directives for legal compliance as well as manufacturer standards for customer satisfaction. It classifies digital devices as Class A or B based on their intended use environment and notes that Class B limits under FCC are more stringent. The document also describes various EMC measurement procedures, including conducted emissions, radiated emissions, radiated susceptibility, conducted susceptibility, and ESD tests. It notes the benefits of meeting EMC requirements include product safety, cost reduction, increased reliability, and legal compliance.

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54 views

EMC Chap 2

This document discusses EMC requirements for electronic systems. It outlines that EMC requirements go beyond functional performance and include both governmental directives for legal compliance as well as manufacturer standards for customer satisfaction. It classifies digital devices as Class A or B based on their intended use environment and notes that Class B limits under FCC are more stringent. The document also describes various EMC measurement procedures, including conducted emissions, radiated emissions, radiated susceptibility, conducted susceptibility, and ESD tests. It notes the benefits of meeting EMC requirements include product safety, cost reduction, increased reliability, and legal compliance.

Uploaded by

varshita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter - 2

EMC requirements for electronic systems


• Additional design objectives to be met over and above
functional performance of the system
• Broad classification of EMC requirements imposed on
electronic systems
– Those mandated by governmental agencies (EMC directives)
– Those imposed by product manufacturer
• Note:
– Former is for selling in the market legally so that it complies with the
country’s EMC directives that aims to control EM pollution in
environment
– Later is to ensure product meets customer satisfaction and reputation.
This is stringent than the later.
EMC requirements
• Digital device definition as per FCC – Any electronic device
that generates and uses timing pulse of 9 kHz and above and
uses digital techniques

• Device classification as per FCC


– Class A digital devices: those that are marketed for use in a
commercial industrial, or business environment

– Class B digital devices: those that are marketed for use in residential
environment, notwithstanding their use in commercial, industrial, or
business environment.
EMC requirements
• Class B limits are more stringent than Class A limits under the
reasonable assumption that
– interference from the device in an industrial environment can be more
readily corrected than in a residential environment, where the
interference source and the susceptible device are likely to be in closer
proximity.

– Further, the owner of the interfering device in a residential


environment is not as likely to have the expertise or financial
resources to correct the problem as would an industrial user.
EMC measurement procedures

• (a) Conducted emissions test


– CE: currents that are passed out through the unit’s AC power cord
– Test range: 150 kHz to 30 MHz
– Compliance is verified by inserting a line impedance stabilization
network (LISN)
– Although the emission to be controlled is current passing out of AC
line cord, the limits are given in volts.
– Because LISN measures voltage which is directly related to the
interference current

QP: quasi peak detector, AV: average detector


CE- FCC Limits

Class A
Limit line
CE- FCC Limits

Class B
Limit line
• (b) Radiated emissions test
– Test range: 30 MHz to 40 GHz
– RE concerns electric and magnetic fields radiated by the device
– RE regulatory limits are given in terms of field in dBV/m
– RE of the product is measured either in a semi-anechoic chamber or at
an open-field test site using an antenna
– Measurements are gathered for vertical and horizontal polarizations
w.r.t. test site ground plane
– The measurement distances for RE are 3 m for Class B and 10 m for
Class A devices : FCC
– RE measurement distance for Class A and B devices is 10 m: CISPR 22
– The antenna must be elevated above the ground-plane at distances of
1–4 m and the maximum emission recorded.
Illustration of RE measurement inside semi-anechoic chamber
• (c) Radiated susceptibility tests
– purpose is to ensure that the product will operate properly when it is
installed in the vicinity of high-power transmitters.
– Eg. AM and FM transmitters, airport surveillance radars
– Manufacturers test their products to these types of emitters by
illuminating the product with a typical waveform and signal level
representing the worst-case exposure of the product and determining
whether the product will perform satisfactorily.

• (d) Conducted susceptibility test


– Product is subjected to interference via power cord by intentionally
injecting spikes into the product’s AC power cord to simulate lightning
induced transients.
– AC voltage is also momentarily reduced and/or interrupted to ensure
that the product will operate through any such event.
• (e) ESD test
– buildup of static charge on a person’s body or furniture with discharge
path to the product – using ESD gun
– Static voltage can approach 25 kV in magnitude
– Manufacturers test their products for susceptibility to the ESD
phenomenon by subjecting their products to a controlled ESD event
that represents a typical field scenario and determining whether the
product operates successfully.
Benefits of EMC
• Product safety – accidents due to device malfunction can
be avoided

• Cost reduction – relatively low cost to include EMI/EMC


concepts during design phase rather than during/after
production

• Increased reliability – addition of components/features for


EMC later on may increase complexity which may reduce
reliability or compromise other product functionality

• Legality – device must be EM compliant for sale, legal


issues due to non compliance may be high

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