APTER 3 LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS

LESSON 1: CULTURE AND CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

CULTURE
-came from the latin word “colere” which means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture
(Zimmermann, 2017)
- Customary beliefs, practices of a particular society
CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
- Process by which one culture’s experiences, values, and ideas are disseminated throughout the world
CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION BRINGS 4 IMPORTANT PHENOMENON
1. Homogenization - mighty culture has invaded local culture as well as it became dominant culture in local area
that aims to eliminate local culture.
2. Heterogenization - region culture was widely disseminated and accepted by other societies and cultures and
meanwhile enhance the cultural diversity in local society.
3. Hybridization - cultures are however rarely simply consumed. More often two cultures clash and new hybrid
culture is formed.
4. Polarization - the effect of intensifying a local culture
IMPORTANCE OF HAVING ONE’S CULTURE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL BELIEFS OF CULTURE
● Intrinsic benefits
● Improved learning and valuable skills for the future
● Better health and well-being
●Vibrant communities
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CULTURE
● Contribution to job creation
● Contribution to tourism
● Cultural planning

LESSON 2: CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

 Culture influences many parts of people’s lives including food, clothes, opinions, arts, buildings, manners, social
interaction, and language
 Cultural differences include differences in food, clothes, religion and language
TERMS
FART - means speed in Danish, Norwegian and Swedish
GIFT
 in German, a gift is not as quite pleasant as in English
 it means poison
CRAP - In Romanian, crap means carp, which is a type of commonly eaten fish.
BRAT - It means brother in Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, Croatian and Serbian
KISS - It has a juvenile meaning in Swedish — pee
PRESERVATIVE - In France, a préservatif isn’t quite what you might expect. If you tend to have many
conversations about jams and jellies, it might be useful to be aware that préservatif actually means condom. In
fact, many European languages have variations of preservative which mean condom
LOL - the ubiquitous piece of Internet slang lol is either an acronym or initialism depending on how would you
announce it, but in Dutch it means fun.
SLUT - is yet another false friend coming from Swedish, in which means end.
HOW TO BE CULTURALLY AWARE?
● Engage with other’s cultures by asking questions.
● Be Open! Don’t get into the habit of thinking your way is the only way of doing something
● Think about what you can learn from them no matter how unusual it is.
● Invite someone to share his/her culture with you.
● Overcome stereotypes.
 LESSON 3: CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
CULTURAL SENSITIVITY - recognition that there are differences between culture
It’s crucial for such global goals as world peace and economics growth as well as for effective interpersonal
communication. - (Franklin & Mizell, 1995)
SENSITIVITY TO GENDER - knowing the difference between male and female
ASPECTS OF GENDER
● ASSIGNMENT - the gender from birth
● ROLE - set of behaviors, mannerism and other traits that society use to express as part of assigned
● IDENTITY - this is what we think the gender should be at any given time
● ATTRIBUTION - the gender assigned to people when we first meet them and is based on a set of cues
that differences from culture to culture
INCREASING CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
1. Recognize yourself
2. Recognize your fears
3. Recognize differences
4. Recognize differences between groups
5. Recognize differences in meaning
6. be conscious

LESSON 4: CULTURAL APPRECIATION VS CULTURAL APPROPRIATION

CULTURAL APPRECIATION - is when someone seeks to understand and learn about another culture in an
effort to broaden their perspective and connect with others cross-culturally
CULTURAL APPROPRIATION - the act of adopting elements of an outside, often minority culture, including
knowledge, practices, and symbols, without understanding or respecting the original culture and context
SOME BASIC STEPS THAT WILL HELP YOU AVOID BEING ACCUSED OF CULTURAL APPROPRIATION
1. Research the Culture
2. Avoid the Sacred
3. Don’t Stereotype
4. Promote Diversity
5. Engage, Promote & Share Benefits

ATTER: Physical and Chemical PROPERTIES & Changes

atter Anything that has volume or mass.
 •Atoms are the smallest unit of matter!
A. Matter Flowchart

B. Pure Substances

Element, EX: copper

Compound, EX: salt (NaCl)

C. Mixtures Non-specific combination of 2 or more pure substances.

Two Types of Mixtures

Homogeneous Mixture even distribution of components , EX: saline solution

Heterogeneous Mixture uneven distribution of components, EX: granite
A. Physical Property A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the
identity of its matter.
B. Chemical Property A characteristic that indicates whether a substance can undergo a specific chemical
change. EX: flammability, reactivity

Physical Changes
 Matter is always changing form, size, shape, color, etc. There are 2 types of changes that matter
undergoes.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE
I. Physical Changes: a change of matter without changing the identity of the substance. IN OTHER
WORDS
• A CHANGE IN STATE
• A CHANGE IN SIZE, SHAPE, MASS
• DOES NOT CHANGE THE CHEMICAL MAKE UP OF THE MATTER
• YOU HAVE WHAT YOU STARTED WITH JUST IN A DIFFERENT FORM

Examples of Physical Changes -Verbs used to describe physical changes – grind, dissolve, erode, rip,
tear, break, phase change (melt, freeze, condense, etc)
Other Physical Change Examples
•PAPER TORN INTO PIECES
•SUGAR DISSOLVED INTO TEA
•SALT DISSOLVED INTO WATER
•NAILS OR HAIR CUT
Phase Changes are PHYSICAL PHYSICAL!!!!!
 • Types of Phase Changes: •
1. Melting
2. Evaporization
3. Boiling
4. Sublimation
5. Freezing
6. Condensation
7. Deposition
• ALL phase changes are caused by ADDING or TAKING away energy!!!

•WHAT HAS TO HAPPEN FOR THESE CHANGES OF STATES TO OCCUR?

•WHEN MOLECULES MOVE FASTER, THEY PRODUCE MORE FRICTION AND THEREFORE MORE HEAT. THEY SPREAD
FARTHER APART & EXPAND

•WHEN MOLECULES MOVE SLOWER, THEY CAUSE LESS FRICTION AND THEREFORE LESS HEAT & CLOSER TOGETHER &
CONTRACT

Kinetic Theory of Matter

THEORY OF KINETIC ENERGY

A. ATOMS ARE ALWAYS MOVING

B. THE MORE ENERGY ADDED TO THE ATOMS, THE FASTER & FARTHER APART THEY MOVE

Remember

•Inertia – tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion

• More Mass Greater Inertia

•harder to move an object with a large mass

•harder to stop an object with larger mass once moving

• MATTER CHANGES FROM ONE STATE OF MATTER TO ANOTHER

•WHEN HEAT (ENERGY) IS ADDED

•WHEN HEAT (ENERGY IS TAKEN AWAY

 DRAW THIS DIAGRAM IN YOUR NOTES!!!!

1. MELTING – matter changing FROM A SOLID TO A LIQUID.

• Energy is added
• When more heat (energy) is added to matter the particles move faster till the bonds break.
• Decrease density except ice to water.
2. EVAPORATION
•Matter changing FROM A LIQUID TO A GAS AT THE SURFACE
•ENERGY IS ADDED TO SURFACE OF LIQUID
•THE PARTICLES AT THE SURFACE MOVE FASTER breaking bonds.
•Decreases density.
•VAPORIZATION- a general term for any substance changing to a gas.
3. BOILING
• Matter changing FROM A LIQUID TO A GAS ALL THROUGHOUT THE LIQUID
•ENERGY IS ADDED TO ALL OF LIQUID
•PARTICLES MOVE FASTER ALL THROUGH THE LIQUID
•SOME PARTICLES MOVE FAST ENOUGH TO CHANGE TO GAS WHILE THEY ARE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE LIQUID
•DENSITY DESCREASES
•Water boils at 212 F, 100C.
•EX: pan of liquid on the stove
4. Sublimation: matter changes straight from a solid to a gas!!!!
•Heat added rapidly
•Molecules speed up and spread out rapidly
•decrease density
•Examples of Sublimation: dry ice, shrinking ice in a freezer, air freshener.

VAPORIZATION!!!
•Remember that vaporization is a general word for any substance changing to a gas.
•Boiling, evaporation, boiling, and sublimation are ALL examples of vaporization!!!

1. Freezing
•CHANGING FROM A LIQUID TO A SOLID
•ENERGY IS REMOVED
•THE PARTICLES MOVE EVEN SLOWER
•THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN THE PARTICLES BEGAN TO PULL THE PARTICLES CLOSER TOGETHER & THE
MATTER TURNS INTO A SOLID
•Increase density.
•Water freezes at 32 F, 0 C
•EX: water to ice, wax or chocolate hardening

2. Condensation
• Matter CHANGING FROM A GAS TO A LIQUID
• ENERGY IS REMOVED
 • THE PARTICLES MOVE SLOWER
• THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN THE PARTICLES BEGAN TO PULL THE PARTICLES CLOSER TOGETHER & THE
MATTER TURNS INTO A LIQUID
•DENSTITY INCREASES
•Ex: dew in the lawn, water running down mirror, and ring on table under glass.
3. Deposition- when matter changes from a gas directly to a solid.
-Heat is taken away rapidly
-Density increases
-Molecules slow down and get closer together. Examples: Snowflakes, frost on a wind shield

SOLIDIFICATION!!!!
•Solidification is a general word for any substance changing to a solid.
•Freezing, condensation and deposition are examples of SOLIDIFICATION!

Chemical Changes
 The other way that matter can be changed is called a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
II. CHEMICAL CHANGE–occurs when 2 or more substances are combined into entirely new substance with all new
properties. CANNOT CHANGE IT BACK!!!!!
Chemical Change Verbs: rusting, rotting, curdling, burning, cooking, light sensitivity, digesting, tarnishing.
Chemical Changes
• SOME SIGNS OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE
•FIZZES OR BUBBLES

•COLOR CHANGE
•HEAT GIVEN OFF
•LIGHT GIVEN OFF
•ODOR
•HEAT REQUIRED FOR REACTION
•NEW SUBSTANCE FORMED
•Precipitate (solid)
•Precipitate (gas bubbles)
Types of Chemical Reactions
*SYNTHESIS – THE GET TOGETHER
*DECOMPOSITION- THE BREAK UP
*SINGLE REPLACEMENT- THE CHEATER
*DOUBLE REPLACEMENT- THE SWAP
*COMBUSTION

How to make a reaction occur…

•Activation Energy: minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Rates of Chemical Reactions
•Surface Area – The more surface area that is exposed, the faster the
reaction will occur- Example- chewing your food breaks it into smaller pieces
with more surface area. It takes less time to digest your food.
•Temperature- The higher the temperature the faster the particles move.
This means they interact more often and have more Energy. Example:
Storing Milk in the fridge slows down reactions to stay fresher longer.

More ways to control a reaction

• Concentration- the amount of substance in a given volume. Increasing the
concentration allows for more particles to react.
• Catalyst- material that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the
activation energy
• Enzymes- Cells in your body that acts as catalysts.
• Inhibitor- material used to decrease the rate of a reaction