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1 Family Ties
I Z e / A M v i t )

A Read th e Exa m R e m ind e r. W h ich w ord s should Reading the exam question first
you u nd e rlin e ?
• B efore you read th e te x t, rem e m b e r to read th e
exam sta tem en ts carefully.
• M ake sure you u nd erlin e key w o rd s in each
В N o w c o m p le te th e Exa m Task. sta te m e n t so you know w h a t in fo rm a tion t o look for.
• Read th e te x t qu ick ly so you kn ow w h a t it is about.
Then read th e te x t again and lo o k fo r w o rd s th a t

n iir f are sim ilar to th e w o rd s yo u u nde rlin ed .

• R e m em be r th a t th e in fo rm a tio n in th e te x t is in the
Have you ever w ondered w h at it w o uld be like to have a same o rd e r as th e statem ents.
bro ther or a sister w h o looked ju s t like you? Maybe you
are a tw in . Holly and Daisy Preston, 14-year-old tw in s from
Scientists have always wo ndered h ow im p o rta n t genes
London, say there's no th in g like it.'I feel really special,'says
are. Yes, th e y d eterm in e w h ich relative we lo ok like, but
Holly. Daisy agrees and adds,'It's fantastic having som eone
w ha t a bo u t personality? Do ou r genes control whethe r
w h o understands you c o m p le te ly .'If you are a tw in, you
we like music o r are o utgo ing ? Or, are o ur personalities
pro bab ly kno w w ha t th e y are talkin g about!
a result o f th e way w e g ro w up and th e experiences we
Scientists th in k tw in s are great, too, b u t fo r d iffe re n t have? Interestingly, researchers have discovered th a t both
reasons. They give scientists a unique o p p o rtu n ity to fin d ou r genes and ou r experiences play a role in fo rm in g our
o u t w ha t makes us w h o we are. That's because tw in s have personality. For example, you may have a gene th a t makes
more in com m on th an broth ers and sisters born at d iffe re nt you creative, b u t if yo ur e nvironm ent does n ot give you the
times, b u t are still diffe re n t from each o th e r in im p o rta n t chance to show yo ur creativity, it may never be revealed.
ways. By studying th e sim ilarities and d ifferences between
Identical tw ins can show us this relationship betw een genes
twins, scientists can begin to fin d o u t w h ich qualities are
and environm ent. If it were on ly our genes th a t influenced
passed do w n fro m ou r ancestors and w h ich ones result
everything a bou t us, identical twins w o uld be identical in
fro m o ur experiences in life.
every way. N ot on ly w ould th e y look the same, b u t they
There are tw o kinds o f tw ins, k now n as identical and w o uld like th e same kinds o f music, clothes and friends. But
fraternal. Identical tw ins are o fte n so sim ilar th a t it is they d on't. S tudying such differences can help scientists to
d iffic u lt to tell th e m apart. Twins th a t gro w inside th e ir fin d o u t wh at makes us th e same and w h at makes us different.
m oth er at th e same tim e, b u t are n ot identical, are called
fraternal twins.These tw in s can be b oth boys, b o th girls,
or one o f each.

Identical twins are interesting to scientists because o f

th e ir genes, w h ich de term ine th e colo ur o f th e ir hair and
eyes, th e shape o f th e ir nose and m ou th, th e ir h e ig ht
and more. M ost people g e t a d iffe ren t m ixtu re o f genes
fro m th e ir parents.That explains w h y you m ig h t take after
yo ur m other, w h ile yo u r sister takes a fte r your father. But
w ith identical tw ins, each one gets passed d o w n exactly
th e same genes from each parent. That is w h a t makes
them 'id entical'.

Exam Task
Look at th e sentences b e lo w a b o u t tw in s. Read th e te x t to d e cid e if each se nte nce is correct o r incorrect.
W rite T (True) o r F (False).

1 H olly and Daisy are sisters. □ 7 Ide ntical tw in s g e t th e same genes fro m
2 H olly and Daisy und erstan d each o th e r w ell. П th e ir m o th e r and father.

3 Scientists th in k tw ins are g re a t because

8 Genes co n tro l w h o w e look like.
be in g a tw in is a u nique o p p o rtu n ity. □ 9 Scientists learned th a t p erson ality d e pen ds
4 It is always easy to te ll iden tical tw ins apart. П on genes and e nv iro nm en t.

5 Fraternal tw ins look th e same. □ 10 Iden tica l twins like th e same music.

6 Genes d o n o t co n tro l o u r eye colour. □

4 A Family Ties
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Ч о с а Ш а г ц ''

A Complete the sentences w ith these w ords. *bv-

.-Л* л
aunt cousins grandmother nephew niece step-mother

' 1 Your _______________ is th e sister o f yo u r m o th e r o r father.

2 Your__________________ are th e children o f yo u r uncle o r aunt.
3 Your ____________ is th e m o th e r o f y o u r m o th e r or father.
4 Your is th e w ife o f you r fa th e r if he
marries someone w ho is n 't y o u r m other. >" Jb*
I 5 Your__________________is th e son o f yo ur sister o r brother.
6 Y o u r_ _______________ is th e d a u g h te r o f yo u r sister
or brother.

В Complete the words in th e sentences.

1 M y e ________ gran dp a re n ts live w ith us because th e y are

too old to look a fte r them selves.
2 Don't worry. If C arrie says sh e'll help you, she w ill.
She's very r __________ , you know.
3 Fred is quite I . He never helps m e w ith th e
cooking and cleaning.
4 You can't wear jeans to y our sister's w e d d in g , Barry! JH R
You'll look really s _________ !
5 Vera wanted an h _______ op in io n a b o u t her w e d d in g dress,
so I told her th e tru th .
6 How can my parents u nd ersta nd me? T he y're n o t
young any m ore - th e y 're m _______ - ______ !

( л т ш н и л г

Present Simple & Present Continuous

A Circle the correct words.

1 Angela is living / lives in Paris. She was b orn th e re and never left.
2 Mum, where are you? Q uick! The d in n e r is b u rn in g / burns!
3 Russ and Katy are pla nning / plan th e ir w e d d in g n ext year.
4 Dad usually does / does usually th e s up e rm a rk et sh o p p in g a fte r w ork.
5 It gets / It's g e ttin g harder and harde r to have a fa m ily in th e city.
6 Genes determ ine / are d e te rm in in g y o ur hair and eye colour.
7 My brother and sister are always a rgu ing / are a rgu in g always. It really annoys me!
8 Brian, what do you d o / are you d o in g this w eek end? D o you w an t to g o fishing?
9 The Greeks and the Italians have / are having very large fam ilies.
10 The train to my mum 's villa ge leaves / is leaving at nine o 'c lo ck every m o rnin g.

В Tick ( / ) if the sentence is correct. R ew rite th e incorrect sentences.

1 I am knowing Jim very w ell because w e w e n t to university to g e th e r. ____________
2 We do n't often visit o u r cousins in th e co u ntrysid e. ____________
3 My grandfather is a scientist and he is likin g to in ven t th in g s. ____________
4 Michael is a chef, b u t never he cooks a t h om e fo r his fam ily! ____________
5 Teenagers becom e m ore and m ore in d e p e n d e n t these days. ____________
6 The sun is rising in th e east and it is se ttin g in th e west. ____________
7 Why does your little sister cry? Is she th irsty? ____________
8 Tim wants to buy a house, b u t Helen thinks th e y should w ait
until next year.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Family Ties
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E xam
A Read th e E xam R em in der. W h y should you loo k at
each se t o f pictures? Identifying differences
• R em em ber to read th e q ue stion and
un d erlin e any key w ords fo r each set o f pictures
be fo re you listen.
В НЮ Listen and c o m p lete th e Exa m Task.
• Then look at th e p ictu res and check you
Exam Task unde rstand th e m . Id en tify th e differe nces
be tw e en th e picture s b efo re listening .
There are six qu estions in this p art. For each questio n,
th ere are thre e pictures and a s h ort re co rd ing . C ircle th e
correct p ictu re a, b o r c.
1 W hich p h o to are th e y look in g at? 4 W h a t does he r bro th e r like to d o w ith friends?

JV

2 W ha t do th e girls lo o k like? 5 W hich day were th e y g o in g to g o sho pp ing ?

3 W here do th e cousins bu y th e ir clothes? 6 W hich is he r son?

С ню Listen ag a in an d check yo ur ans w ers .

A C o m p le te th e t e x t w ith th e s e w o rd s in th e co rrec t fo r m . You can use s om e o f th e m m o r e th a n once.

fall get have keep pay И

Sum m er love
W hen Joe retu rne d fro m his ho lida y in Spain, he b ro u gh t back m ore than a fe w souvenirs. He
had some very ex citing news. He was g o in g to ( 1 ) _____________ m arrie d! His fam ily and frie nd s
c o u ld n 't believe it. W ho? W hen? How? T hey had so m any question s! 'W e ll,' exp lain e d Joe, 'I m e t
Carm en in Barcelona and w e ( 2 ) ____________ in lo ve.' Joe d id n 't w a n t to (3 ) _____________ any
secrets fro m his fam ily, so he to ld th e m ev e ryth in g. 'She w o rk e d a t th e ho te l w h e re I was staying.
She's very pretty, so I ( 4 ) _____________ her a co m p lim e n t and asked her o u t fo r a coffee . B efore
I knew it, w e w ere s pen d ing all o u r tim e to g e th e r.' 'W h en can w e m e e t her?' asked his m other.
'So on ,' re plied Joe. 'S he's g o in g to (5 ) _____________ us a vis it ne xt m o n th .' His m o th e r was
w orrie d . 'B u t you hardly kn ow her. You d o n 't w a n t to m ake a mistake and th e n (6 ) ____________
divo rce d in a c o up le o f years!' she said. 'D o n 't w orry, M u m ,' re p lie d Joe. 'E v erythin g w ill be fin e.'
A nd Joe was rig h t. T w enty years later, Joe and C arm en n ow ( 7 )____________ a fam ily and are still
living ha pp ily ever after!

В Circle th e c o rre c t w o r ds .

1 Sam's fa th e r le ft his m other. Sam's w o rrie d th a t she'll A lo t o f my frie nds keep a d ia ry / a secret; the y write I
fall to pieces / in love. in it eve ry day.
2 I have a lo t o f sym path y / fam ilies fo r childre n o f M y sister is g e ttin g m a rried / d iv orce d at th e end of I
divorced parents. th e m on th - she's having a tra d itio n a l w e d d in g .
3 M y g ra n d m oth e r's house is near here; let's g o and D o you plan to have sym p athy / a fa m ily when you I
pay her a c o m p lim e n t / a visit. g ro w up? I w a n t a b ig one w ith five children!

Family Ties
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Countable / Uncountable Nouns & Quantifiers

A, Complete the te x t w ith these words.

a lot few little lot of many much number some

She's the boss!

The Mosuo people live in China and th e y are o ne o f o nly a ( 1 ) _____________ m atriarchal societies in the w o rld . In a
riarchal society, th e head o f th e fam ily is the m other. The fam ily nam e passes d ow n fro m fem ale to fem a le, and the
omen make all the decisions.
. generations o f w om e n - g rea t-gra n dm o th e rs , gra n dm o th e rs, m oth ers and dau ghters - live in th e same
house with a (3)____________ th e ir m ale relatives, such as uncles, bro the rs, sons and nephews. Fathers o r husbands live
vhere and they only have a (4) _ _ _ c o n ta c t w ith th e ir children.
The children belong to th e m othe r and her fam ily. The uncles h elp w ith th e children's edu catio n and care, b u t the y
don't have (5) c on tro l. In tim e , the ch ild re n care fo r th e ir e ld e rly uncles. These large e x te n d e d fam ilies
care ( f i T___________ ab o ut each other.
The modern w orld, however, is a ffec tin g ( 7 ) ____________ tra d itio n s and thin g s are cha nging very quickly. M any yo un g
people leave the ir villages to w o rk in a (8 ) _____________ o f large cities nearby. There, th e y may discover a d iffe re n t
way of life and a culture th a t is very d iffe re n t to th e ir ow n.

H p — -—■ "

В Complete th e sentences w ith th e c o rrec t Pr es e n t S im p le fo rm o f th e v e rb b e .

1 W here ____________ th e inform a tio n I am loo kin g for?

2 There____________ m any p e o p le in m y fam ily tree.
3 T hat.____________ gre a t advice. Thanks, Dad!
4 M aths_____________ my fa vo u rite s ub jec t at school.
5 My m irro rbroken. I need a new one.
I Their tra d itio n s ____________ q u ite s tra nge, I th ink.
r The fo o d _____________ co ld . Can you p u t it back in th e oven, please?
В This family resea rch____________ very im p o rta n t.

Use vjpur Znc)lisld

A Choose th e co rrec t answ ers.

Who do you think you are?

Genealogy is hugely po p ula r because p eo p le are curious to kn ow a b o ut th e ir ancestors. There are even TV pro gra m m es
about genealogy. The m ost w ell-know n one (1 ) ________________ a series called W ho D o You Think You A re ? In each
risode, genealogists (2 ) ________________ a c e le b rity to tra ce his o r her fam ily tre e. They use th e In te rn e t and p ap er
cords to discover th e past. S ometim es, th e records g o back hund red s o f years a nd p eo p le d isco ver th a t th e ir
'Щ Л --------------------were kings, queens, o r so m e th ing m ore norm al, such as farm ers, c ow boy s o r soldiers.
If your past interests you, it is n 't d iffic u lt to find (4 ) o f th is in fo rm a tio n on th e Internet. (5)
official records are available online . The m ore in fo rm a tio n you discover, th e m o re in tere sted you b eco m e . It's hard to stop
looking! (6) ______________ p e o p le are (7 ) th e ir past, and m aybe you can, to o .

1 a are b is с has
2 a help b helps с is h e lp in g
3 a members b fam ilies с relatives
4 a few b som e с lot
5 a Many b M uch с A little
6 a A lo t o f b A lo t с Lot o f
7 a discover b disco verin g с discovers

Family Ties ^
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Using abbreviations
A M a tc h th e a b b re v ia tio ns to th e ir m e anin g s. Remember to use these com mon abbreviations in
postcards and notes:
1 e.g. □ a tw e ntie th
• am (m orn ing ) and pm (afternoon )
2 am □ b stre e t
• title s fo r p eo p le, e.g. Mrs, Miss, Ms, M r and D r
3 i.e. □ с th e U nite d K in gdo m
• parts o f th e language, e.g. etc. (etcetera), e.g. (for ;
4 USA П d fo r exam ple exa m ple) and i.e. (that's to say)
5 St □ e that's to say • o rdin al num bers, e.g. 7st (first) and 20th (twentieth)
6 UK □ f m orning • addresses, e.g. St (street), A ve (avenue) and Rd (road
7 pm □ 9 afte rn oo n • som e co untrie s, e.g. USA (the U n ited States o f
8 20 th □ h th e U n ite d S tates o f Am erica Am erica), UAE (the U nited A ra b Emirates) and UK >
(the U nited K ing dom )

В Read th e w r itin g ta sk b e lo w an d th e n circle th e

co rre c t an sw er, a or b.

You are p lann ing a p a rty fo r y o u r g ran d pa re n ts' 5 0th w e d d in g anniversary. W rite an em a il to o ne o f y o u r relatives
in vitin g him o r h e r to th e party.
In y o u r in vitatio n y o u sho uld:
• say w h a t th e in v itation is fo r
• say when th e p a rty is
• say w h o is co m in g
1 a You are having a p arty fo r you r g ra nd fa th er's 50 th b irthd ay.
b You are c e leb ratin g yo u r g ra n d p aren ts ' 50 years o f m arriage.

2 a You m ust w rite a form al email.

b You m ust w rite an inform al email.

3 a You w ill send th e em ail to a m em be r o f yo u r fam ily,

b You w ill send th e em ail to som eone you d o n 't know.

С R ead th e e x a m p le em ail an d u n d e rlin e th e a b b re viatio n s.

fyree h -th e re a d e r. H ello A u n tie Mary,

Ask ah>bи-h+he
H ow are you and U ncle A lb e rt? I w an t to in vite you b o th to a pa rty re ad er and ffive fti<
fo r G rand m a and G ra ndp a's 5 0th w e d d in g anniversary! reason wkiy уои art
W e 're having it on S aturday 2 6th at th a t nice C hinese re staurant on wri-H n^.
Green St. W e 're inv itin g all o f o u r relatives and some o f G randm a •
£j|ive more deha\\s
and G ra ndp a's frie nd s as w ell.
а\?ьиХЬ\ le pa rty.
As k +Ие read er O u r table s are b o ok e d fo r 7 p m and I h op e to see you there.
-ho reply ho цоаг
Let m e kn ow if you can com e.
wfthaW on.
Love,
off. A ng ela

D Read an d c o m p le te th e E xam Task b e lo w . D o n 't fo r g e t to use th e U s efu l E xpressions

on p a g e 15 o f yo ur S tud e n t's B o ok.

Exam Task
Your o ld e r b ro th er has g o t in to a g o o d university and y o u r p arents
w a nt to have a surprise pa rty fo r him . W rite an em ail to one o f his
frie nd s in v iting him o r her to th e party.

In yo u r em ail you should:

• te ll his frie n d w h y you are em ailin g

• g ive in fo rm a tio n a b ou t th e p a rty (tim e , place, date)

• ask his frie n d to reply (35 -4 5 w ords)

О Writing Reference p. 176 in Student's Book

^ Family Ties