"Ashok Singh Pujara Student of Diploma in Civil Engineering Seti Technical School Dipayal, Doti Address: Melauli, Baitadi The Note's On Structural Design & DrawingCourge Content be Lt _Unit-1|| Tofroduction Ce Hues) -1 | Tabadacton ake as ~ x6 Advantage ond De i f Sahay 1-4 | oufferent types of load on root_tum Unit-2l|_Inint in the tee! afuduren C4 Hous) 2-11 Types of vi ved and bolted joints 22) Tyou of flue of teketord Jabal pio 23| fiveh _value_and eff fi a 2.4| Welded _jornts init <3 d of Jom: Ce Murat —s-1|| Devan of _sriv 3-2 || Detells_of_ fo vn ‘ed jints_undev axial farce 33 Deargn of welded jorm_unleroxinl fore sh unit it Tennlon of Member :['¢ duns]. 4g ria dali membetn 4-2 |e! pectional aren [ea of membern subjected aval lead Cush ual ull el badd Gp ie abla ple ch): Timed $1 ve length a ley fee padiy ———____—— 53 oe of tie membern 4 Oatgn of compreniva_mDate Pege.——_* “Unt T De "oF Roof Tumes (4 Hours] Te Lyn otha cu uny & Taco to foe dg afro kaanei— tr ——-3||Tubuley_seetionn ____ = one ee a1 epidee eeenl SAS 4-2 Prpories_of timber ed: 3:2 Use of hmber_an structural mernber im_eonateucton 2-4| Cale of practice of ceagn tf timber 2.5 Advantage ond dnbidvantage of tiniber structure Unit=8 | Design of timber_shructure gaa bt Desig o£ cunpreanion member 2 | Desi a = aE 6:5 | Cheek! of _defechionn 8-4) Types of jut» ane “their_cennection: —Onit=3|| Desion_cncept sf reinforced cancrete How 2 Le attr cul sal otoroncy : 9-2 Behavior of reinforced eyncrefe_in a bedag ee Eiigat a. yelnforced concrete fection Concept_of maduter_satio, pevmnrm ible and uttmade sein — DPacrplion of ultinade (oad ond ‘imit tak metiod earns fk ac feton in Ondine Ewen ie 1 | Bote me cnt hana) Jai ae i (ition of neue OOP apes moment» of pesintance 5} Inder _remfercement over reinforcement ond Fae i Anolis ootyly and_loubly reinforcement re cngPager 10-7 | |Aralysin_of rng! piel ee rulor_ond “flanged gection | Fle a lon Duin of ore way ord” foo way slabs ung Te ode. [ shear and Bond for Rc sector Cexoursy | Pehovior of a RC. secton intheay Shear reattonce of reinfaveel aecton Typenof shear reinforcement aa frength_of verttcal Inka Cohirrupa’) 14-6 itt at Leen} andl onchornge bond Itt Anchorage lengthy 14-8 For curtailment Auiol_loaoled gc culumnd Canoure) short_and long columnar [Types of compresnton_amermbera IRS Daugn of 4 RC teluma Lester dang, — Code_requivementh Tntroduction tp He Limit Hate method U Houra’] hreveral Introduction Une of = 456 ond {ably oF JP ps fix the deson of 12-24 Singly reinturcement beam $8-2:2 — Doubly reinforcement heam 13.2.3 - A iol uni-azial ly frosted calumnya Page ———— in_civil engineerin: ot 560 Nin? me renvatante deel 2 —_ saan ola taun_04 themmstetneallyeakel tees ond Gre used in places where structures are mor prone and fre.it [+ Ic I tn the preperdy of a madera! a moval of load, seel hay elastic e PlasHeitys- me tn popary ofa material due fr which it refain the di nal shape even_aftey romal of apple! [rad. kel chrald have thy | flonterty fo some. exdent. Duchlity s- al tol duct othe property of mole due fo wwhch 1 con be draw lant thin vires’ without breaking. le a Gh BritHenenn - Uf to property op made! due fo which # break utthout qgolficant deformation wher subjected te sean. tock of ducky fin brittlenonn- Hardnenn == Creep? Gree 15 the condimuoits Hea clefermad mp Ht leermation oq mateaal weAMlbwahle Sheaves ssructoral glee) + eran shoo fatal aay gpa a ble Wowabl db by ae 200 _shoul value ino! exceeding the propa ni. Allscwable shenn — Oltirak phenglh pr dnuile srength a Factor of Safety (Fos) = Ultimate prength or yell skength Allawable threan Use _of eel _o» sacha menos Conduction = ral Moat commonly sebeom C3. ‘Shaped cron-r my Hist théipe (Hollow thuctural sectsn ) May be square, ecengulor, circular fe. bec dim (aban ee ee {| Tee (T= shape @ Bor C Pine of medal) Me odes of Procdce fir devten of Sel shucture j= S_800 : 2004Pow | Advantage sf steel shuren: a 6) sie nn hgh Sle pra annt merge the steel suces gre (abs than’ thone vavnde. of ether madtraa’s 9) ae igh dhciity eel glarclare does rot fall suddenly bg vn vinble ovicence” of trpereling, faslure. by large def techn The propecia of Heeler rol ae areal wath time, ‘Heol rnnmbers on be valled tery. tne varsely of st201 2 witerent tke! mermbery can be cantly forkened by stmple_cenntetyy” technique Site bolting, waelding ond. raehag oe ove Ae Ligh! eight slecl ‘remborn cnr be aetly han nse at sphelshuclerer canbe ereckd of ferder1 2} Properly maintained deel membern_con hove indefinite Me. The repain and rekofit of steel structure» such eonier_fhon oa os | Sie wat _scvop_ valve poll other _satferitlh. )| con withstonds lovge defsraaltinn dureayy febrication ond, dye to tn toxighnean. eal me Heol _eaemben“ ave. suseplible to coxronion ed regan ke o onezcellert conductor of hi —_|shcb_mereases the cast of rn ® Thee. be ned dae _ reversal. = ,ee Unit-2 etuven ree at |Ttructural_ steel Connections ol arvets ®| Pin | weldn aaa bern oes be_requined i be dinembled. Lol Rive ned janent ection. Rivet = Col Rivet ta mode fiom round tre! bor, whch cont Fad_oxd_Ledy Gl. FE Body Ghonk) Rivekd sleet ad lies as lon member of dee st eS 2 Ung. iveh, th Nerina iy aed 1 known ay rived joint ond_the procem of jening i» know Fag Revet. on swveling.. Ls a lob county sunk @ fg Roun: counterrunk.fey. cy Of vet @) aw cd y andl hole. v= Nom ot LBM = ri umiekr & 25mm = Nominal chameter mm > _When_nerninal amekty > 26mm, Znhes te Sais maceneil ‘agtlen Dy ovelaping cng ea more rw ef tive ja _colled lop joint | of x01 nthe joint, lop jel te chustel, = gle siveld Jop joint > feet al 8 lop unt in sach woe on es Lea va vn Lota cu ingle rivet lop jun og Sn jou fund at rv owned i oo re —— a nn fige- Sable seh lap joi: Ol Buc Joint 2 tall When foo plates cy ede ith addi oti samme ey ta Pl neal ait aig Se he jourt. i plaudl on both bos walt em hl par sides of mam glade, it 4a aa Gl éatt jounte ave closntieol ox fleos: sn le cover mn Fete : [> fur ne nedel ttepel cover_butt fourth. ol si louble over y oro 7 iT faz Srgk sivehd doubk } Tete cover batt joint @ bull foint + —t fee Fig Double riveled_snple : ecit elt ver butt Jon le rr E Sal (Fes Suuble riveted bublerapt th vivekd joinin_are_guonged_tn pponite fo the other wiv T oe Leeds ae Figs Olartondl riveted butt jot.ee eae Type tf failure of rived jointne 3 Lined jot mgy fail_ony of tte follwing ways: 1 theo failure of rived = if » developed vel due 1 leading exceudh the] soaring che tn the vivet the vivet faile wn shear. shen favlue sive | 1 nthe shearing off of rivet. ’. & bm in_ cose ink ov f fig:- tingle sh fare tn fap jy cover plote , rivet ore o_stngle sheay. ——- T | Toto of duble cus ¢--¥7 MT P| [butt junk river _are 1m — double sheor ig (ingle jure wo batt joint orth one Cover plate. | I ed. r LM ie P. fg o_shoor fash th double cover —— [shear failure of plates Lp ple aigy feu! nj In osm fy not _p) vided « ——) i= figs- thea failure of lade.Jengton_fadlure. 7 ipton n qi al exceeds the may m beawing stres aivetn :- sévets otrurn when the rivet be 1p the heavieat je_vivet uve re dy ed pl ex fi lure of vi pumur force which xi nt bensing gai iba ri he pp Seb sf_o rivet (in single shear, 7 ft i 4 ui in louble shear) = 27g D4 ss ee LO or 7 = Perming|lole bea! dha deny na ¢ = minimum 6, 1 nen of plateEf tency a6 acted ln Oo a ee a CRaaLa [Efficiency alto known as pevcenloge sheneth Of reel yond. By | Efe aun as peace a exprennecl_m_porcenhnge. eda = _shength of neko jit, thengdh of solid place = Minimum of 2 Po & fey Shength of solic plate here, Pe = Tearing shength of the plate. Piz thet of aiat m beaving Pes shenoth of sivet in “shear. | ffrenath of a viveted_ point = LalfThe Maximum fire wlach a jon can withdond safely to celle! the | sti he joint. a f plades ole of aint per pith fn Chey = ‘area of two Ii yontble Mla = (P-d) ety Sat(itis Poe — 5 i — ol Tease otonath of junk cla i | Teoma. inf = Nel oreo eens gomimible dnl fe = (b-nd)xt x Sa. there, b= —S d= Lrarneder of rivet: n= Ma. of sivelr m the section Under Cons t= Hickn in n Hacknew of rmayn_plate 10. bust joint Bat = paminalble tensile abenn mm the plok. 4 { feces! — jer) tH on i ates Pes ata Die beeen ste chon viveted jourt Figz- Met section of plate in_ehnin_y) wet crea on 1-1 = (lo - (h-ad x4 [n= oe three vively ore thu] along Section 4-1 i oat Sfa e Seve ot cee cell eres ee) Cn whol faba sigs 3 4 {eo | @ io J el ee ate ae D ee s- Oromo nvedtd_ butt {60 oe eat eons Rea aoe_| net fen 4-1 (bed) le_aima along orton nad) 3¢4 tt oa alin terhon 2-2 =(b-2d) at Teena sheng long 1-3 =(b-d) ¥} y aap Teasing hength of plate lon long a-a= bead) etx wot Value of sno rivet. Tear of plate olny 3-2 = (b-2dlet4 sat Value of three rivet. [Teasing strength along 9-2, value of one riven added becouse — there To an ane rivet the eff of section 2 Teas.ine re be there are “three em) hie Jett of pohim 3-2. A vvet ini ‘alin the ot of slp -A_vivet con bem single or double shear depending yon the mumbes of pln altg which the vivet con be headed’ If 0 rivet chears (0 one plane tt nsinple sheas and if the rivet shear in two planes, tf 74 in double shear. Dr_lop jot it vivel_i9 in_sin thea». Tn_cloubl butt Jom a fe hens. joint_per n in Simple shear. = ne se Tag_in double shear. — Wher Gee aaa shen thern in vive vivel. d i ond % for i —__sana nde Lp, fr dle shear | Where, n= numbey of rivet, each side of joi.tH Beas ing_thangth of rackucr! per pic lag | jected E Pom hadat # Opp Where, Se = pmmiaible bearing strona | = prom diomedey of viet. ] t= theknem of thoner plate for lap jonl | = Hhicknen! of main plait ot Sum of thicknes of cor pl | whichever ig Jess in_ butt jofnt ! "= number of vivebs per pitch Tenpth 3 i om meee mt, (Pi) = nnd ta. Gp n= number of vives in each side of font. : Seoxng. area = (xt) oT = FE i [a ae ad ei Rivet __@ Prgjeckd area I>a process of connec hyp. ni ¢ sith ov ovthoutpreanure.— : process ta_toluch mete por a ¥ cefSvud hammering or pressure in kwon on fuslan welding. | ube ng recension Tuhich preanure wa used tp wcll metal ph) srw of fag welding o pmune eal, | f i Neldecl comnetiouns- 4 when fvo_on nue abuckonal” membre connected by welda, the =| Fjpu_ot Nebo ro Gi so a a a al fillet weld ll 19 ala known 0 lop mneldl- Fillet weld! in ured when the members be _ceni overl [ Krson i I a f fig: Lap joint Gl Fillet welds are of follawing fepen: Ql tide filet wold = 2 ide fille Lola fillet aoeld whose adr i» oralelts the cgplied loa is Med wold =< Gl itt olay known aa (ogilaliona! flee old. re] 7Ih di asia Ioael in_knewon a dhagora) fille weld. = side fl wil r we I | neesrale et welols lawn pane filled wll tl p Aillet nd 10. nah th face of scold fs concave in culled! concave —_~ id [filet weld. fig Concave fillet weld 1 Qi Gnver_ fille wele a convex fil & Met weld tn, © ef ell in a 1_called % Cenvex_filled weld, Fig: Convex filet weld Mitre fillet weld = a ie fll be Hef in_wbl te 1 if fillet weld.Dat Bee al ad, iE wielded joints t= = CA uclled? junt 1» more gid thoy o nevekel pont Welded srucfure ore omguratively gtr than eke aoa mu luce ay -poit whee thea ni \u_nole. ‘ Of tded “cracls hs beer apprance_ond Sith Ahan zed thuches. = Incase of molded jamb, gaon- sectional Ora in effechie wher m_xiveted junt offective ectisna) area groan fecitnal ore ping the rivet jorntn. Repair ond_mainktnonce Of weldecl Jount vo wnere ensien hon te siveled jomt The inspection n) lu Tq shucture is Under ie sheanes, a soebled jomt tlel The alloxenble cheny sfoean ta fo Nimm® B Getpenipletngiee ite pluton Naming dramedy of rivet = 22mm (oon clanider of rivet Gl) = 28+ 45 = 226mm f thear abe ) = strength of met io tngle Hear = Zl? oe Tue + = Wx 23) 400 - $373 61 N hn 4 43:984 kal. Strngth ef nivel tn dleubl shear = 2nd? Tot = 2x nw aps) 100 = = 844.92 W = BAG KA.No.2 e som a Thtknn ofl = lat Hiekwen = 209m? ommum al @ e@ falktnable shear ctrens fue) = 400 nlmm* SH C5p4) = goo N bm ra G04- 24.34 N-—@ " Benny wderpth of rivet = dety ope #20 % SOO. =492000N. D wef yolue = minmum of Gh) GD. = go4na-FtN ==ano? |(aleulate fhe value double enver bet jo aud that of eran cearhs Take Te = g0N Imm? , spe = 2300 hmm*- fuludongt taiven uta des ey _of i = 201 TVR demms torr _cliomede of aan rivet d) = 20-41-56 2246. WA VAG Ss [Thickness of main plate = 46mm _@ s rhuin plak| = axry wey 90 = = (5340-064 a G [Bearing _shenglh of vive = dx ty ape £Qih x he 270 = 42880. ——_GD_ Hence vet value = minimum yalue k_@ = 66249.064 0 | *—QNO4 —— | Pee ——— A angle_roetd_lop yank _prouel dome gommyiveh of a pitch of somm»é ach ah ly spe doonllone, weateasailmet___ —Salution iiven that, i icknens of platert)= 20mm pich ) = geome De teanltg Single riveted by Peurionible $uiuq threw Clensle shor) in Slade = 160 Nome giaan dinmele, “A viet ol = 20+ 16 = 24.51mmM “thay mg strength per_petch lengthCin unale shear): ag Tp = gis $00 = 36305°03 Ny —y ts Henny chorglh per pttch_lnglh + = dele mt = 21.6 #30 2700 = WS06N——@ I trongth per prkch length - et etptalata oak = (G0-21-6) ¥ 40 ¥460 x = $H450N ® | shongth af jot = minimum of OG va = 56505090. an Stength per pitch length J 4 eS of thd tlk ith length = | rama ge eae 0. cto! : = 30:25 +)A_dawble siv i st cf ich Gorm + Cater tthe a pet ph baths find-alan th ‘ake, Toe = 400 Almm®, ope = S00 Imm, = _4°56N ome] Hhicknesa of plait d= & mm pith af rth @)= tamm t nonintl diomeky nf rivt-cb)= seam. “Wve = Joon lm Spp_= 200.01 hm? © ® mat = 160.61 lm 4 gross _chromedky J = 16-4405 { 2it.smm.— [ : I ~- [There are two rive, per pitch i os chun in nbwe figure oy gata cel ap joint. thaded J (ec Abo ink per pilch length Cin_smgle shear = nxn cane | = ene 195k Y 400 rs = 49305 +64 N.Gux 8150 42000 N feos N-___orn ile Cover job ile m. Ima?,_ 320K Ione m 460 Nl? sm lm will be nivets an available— ee amar stroghotjant_pe cid Ragth al selon. 2-0 (pda t y wlimate ieaile sheen = (en- 23-6) ¥ $0 460 = 291 00M. um Pall per_pich haghh = minmum of @,@ + @ 1 = 246400 N) | Acthe miotnum shenoth of joint in in toring The yout wail) ail by é i [Shength of tel plabe = xt x viomade tole engl Pe e10 + 460 = £46000 N Gficeny CA)= Pull on _pideh lengthy yo rhength of Solid plage = R4GL0O ye 400 34-6600 £1.52 “he Ise | Find te oulable prich u_tnple_auckd_lap_ ant fo pale = deen 2 300 W ln? Nand t= sel reign | th ag i= tem “ve = 100 aime 5pt = so Vimae at = 50 N/mm “Lovamete of rivet required Cb)= 6-05 [F Conwins Symule = 6065 Tio = 49-48 & 2emm. ie _20 mm _diamesey siveta Goran diometey of qivel G)= 20-+5= 28-51rmm —— [Ar the jotnt_to_lap job the rive oll be tn tingle shear. Cue de 4 tingle riveled pln Only one rivet wll be ailtble per puch Jeng Jhensing. gh of joint por pitch length Cin_smgle shear ) oe = BX 100 4 ide = = 36308. 05 W tom it | =d fbx a Aisa 1e# 200-2 <0se0a —m erg sth of tl per pl é es 2 $6205: 02 N @ 4 be Bilch H ‘Teaming thength of jo! per pilch by = 4 = (pad)atesay = (P—206) ¥ 40 % $60 = 1500 ¥CP- 2th) ———— @ = 21:5) = $6306.03 46.4) ee Hence, provide mmimam pith = so mm frasefigs- Lop Wat. ial Jab Maximum see of fillet Ka 1 “Thickness of thicker part Noon Opta ond Aneluding $0 enmn Lover tom _upts ond fneluding 2x mm. =o 2 em upis ond_mcluding 2mm 0 mm. °F fillet Mowimoen sice of fillet iselel ie be t. er ere oe | [sere ae Maximum see oP weld e+ 1.5. In cave a mle Hen , manorpos" £06" arc aie" 420" kno of thine woeld ofeitent weld oy dort thchever wun behween tw lt term set (tenaioo) A det Wy, 200mmerroipnible jon Nog on | 166 Ninn? 108 N Imm®Pate Pee # ang oa Joint :- 2] ctenaf of butt _welel jot, f= Peminnible shear in Compresn/on ar fruson a Dat i Sy us = kes ire = constant fama thea on dnaisn or compreanion a faken i 150ylpme foot piven 8 ye dishanice pu tvoss da. mu = rivet @l For have! For_ralled flame oy form) _| flame cut edge Gon) | planed edge (mm) [ 5.5 19 14 15-5 & 25 2a 3t5 a 29 25 19-5 - 42 3 24.5 62 33 O35 38 “A 25.5 44 Sb 9-0 St 44 $2.0 54 5¢ 35-0 as 7S ISheanng stress tue) | Reavi Lvl? J Putaet + al} ower driven re rive, 400 Z00 Field rivet 90 2f0 rela n 80 250 a Mand drive te}—Antws A member of rent trun comish of oo 558 00mm » orn le phder placed bork te back an bath sides of a guanet p Fhicknen» comes o_tond of Booon.s.Detemine the numbeae| power chiven fell vive vequined foe the Jourk » > filutionk Given, Load (P) = fa000N. thick ne i) = 46 " : vez 90.0 imme opp = ate irom", diamekr af yet 6) = 6-05n JE CUnwind formula). = 6.05 ¥ffo = 49-49mm Provide zor diameter riveh, Grow dramekr of inet cd)= 2043.5 = at-5mm . [Tie sive will be im double sheor, Sol thewni (in clouble hear )~ = ku ndh » Tp + = = e 215 an = Q = (59749, N of yi Beoxina vel, 3g dete ope QU6 #10 x 240 R050 A Oy 68050 _N “Nos: Of tht required = ead ave ‘value = 000 8 a 58850 aDat Pap fitch required = b= 8420.5 bo mm edge clinance = b= axq0 = 4omm IsAGoo¥80 x8) ma.Lz 1d0-+ 60+ 400 = =Cprlat 308 ¥ 260 44.9 184936" ~y —Ated2 lm ba 7 fhs_member - The trap lopli a Time ei zon » Tike, sat = too N Imm? Bee = 468 W Imne —tT eel don tone 260 @ 208.2 Im | Overlap tenet = 246 mm @ 206.2 nlm Foor le O= 3¢-67 emt = 297 pn? = fem cade. we = fmm. 1 hac corcying capac cf dannel = akg = AK BEET = 580050 N minimum sree of well = gam moaimnum ore of wold =e — 405°oh = sommm = Qap +4 = 342mm) = hp stf.+25 mm Ft wi of ghia = 445 mm | rstal length of weld provided = soona+ anxd-—+ 14549 + 2542 + 60>Unit-4.| Design of Tension of Members _7~. fh tenion ember = Ss as = Cl A shucturel member tahuch fo subjected doom force in the direcho porallel tous [ongitudlonal axin is called feroion member. cal" tnnion member i» _alas_kna wna 0 He mranber_ov simply ue. ————_—_ = e eal Typer_of fenaion_ member i “ie anal kro oven oun ool nor bao wed Ti in [maf drones, 1 din-cdvantage of unin bar on tenaion member to that han inadequede ch #fnean.neaultong in Nokceable capy-uncler self woght CZ) 1 eZ — i @Reund BD Square ¢ bar. lah = i wl Flohr are alm wed an fennion member in Ight trunney, iC lab, [Snplt inedowal Chap 28 as ese Lol Sine _chru hopes like angle rections, Me sectionn and channel. t ie : ta dension member, oe | Gngle shuctwol shapes are more stiffer thar bors and rads. Gut fir a very lung fension member, ingle angle section W nol vale |e le mn fe_seche in A I is dint ab victly Tre dina in_bath the ples In “fhe_riveld_connetoay be let ee & Aine in = Minimum of O &@ will taken ag Anet for_caleulptionTension HEF area OF Conn uae plate = echioal_owa onnediel [eg = rea of oulsfar king_rvet @ sm Cle~ ol tenn area = wit lo —___ Tetteclrve_echonal area of Flan = (oom aya — b= (9 st! Paminnible rminnible 1 = 0 = mini mber in axtal tension {= on rember = cat x Aret here, Smt = Porminn ibe abenn in ena Anet_= Net 0 sett merle. fF f axial densi Coat) real pear satin 7 : + Aland Beams, chaarel ‘nlp gornm.| 250 1b 00 wl to domm | + rissa 138 Zan lboce 20 1aPag ———— Deugn of Arialfy Londed Tension Membera Stepne aleulade the net area requ ‘Not oreo required = ) r Perminaible stres> in tennion (Sat) Try 0 suttable section fom shel table having area of the see = 40 7/-more than the net area required “for veel ed 4 more ee used coon Lee @ Tr blog del net hall b for different sections i fs] double ales — 1 11 7 |b) four angles forming bex ~ 2 ri —_}o- = er by po_flange i ID came le haath ik ena doy concRer chin, Mt at i ol radian of gyration fy thy red sect frome Steel table | Culeuloke The sTendernes rode of The sed fechion = Slewlrnes radi = effetive_lonyth of member ds ee STrdre_ma, hall be le Ye Bro. Desson of eid connedions »- i necHanae::7Cakelak the number of vive required Aa. of vir = Load rivet value. a fans the vive tn such ao manner Yat Thre tm combi - 2 Welded connectionn’= Baume surtable size of weldeffective _crosn- se 0 - et 292 — 45 j= 229mm? sectoral are of out Atonding (oa. th = * o = 169 mm&—_——. ope r then senneckd with Webdings “ssh eor2tP a LA2= Grenn crann teckional aPoe ind tal onl cyack bags pe Aone an _ h rember 2 Than bite tele” The ayple _propenly tacked togelfey. ______>> ea Mere, Nomnal_diamekr of rvel = g-05 JE = 6:02 Igo = Use _29 0910 _sivet, grosn diamoker of wet A) = 90 +145 = 24-5707) - 2 hen They ar_rel_—tcl ele Cone peel Tack & bck on side of a guseh phd fame _si ay [= No-of of leg — | tix fheknen of ley — gia da. yf net) TT T x thicknen Of angle ti i te cm hive ——--£_4940 + 1400 0-876. = H96-4 mm2.trength of the member i) Len_the_angle__ properly faked gether Zpngln placed back | 1 back on both sides go quiet pais Segue?) fom cede. tea 426 eaeein 150-195 F x Q= 19-0202 = 4909 mm% i lou, FE i lack = Coyaon oreo the double ome fT _* Een Area_of ‘ivet halos ) Coumnel_plak 2 2% 1902-224-5%40 lesen = 3234 mm* then, stnngth of the member = rat y Aned | 150 %» 2274— = Beeson We (Ll eecaea‘Dae Dow Deargn axr_emequal angie secon. cl 0 sem long tn a see aan IE 19 econ on « Jao KN. (re; = | atand_doiven sively @ foraha fillel weld jain i a ae [rember conneckel_4o vives Axial. pull = janet cliven hh z 2 thear chess Clvp)_=_go a [oe > a eevy tena (pe) = asa Io all nleF creo regtuired = ay o = Tensile then Gat) = 50% Lom™ Sak 350 Assuming the groan area os _25%/. pore than ret area Gren _aro mqwd = Zoo-+ 26% of Boo oe oS tt = 4000 rom™ tunegteal [Un 2m too 15x cam @ 40-5 ef] [om shel lable fr |__unegwal_ongle section) woth thr longer lep connected fp 0 gi.ae Page k= _3At = 2 ery = UF. shat Aa age+ 432 [Nel effechve area, Anef= A+ Aa = 444 + 499300. 900 = Gol. 4F6mn2 > wet grea reauired. 10a the oot effective area of cheoren secon tn more than net area required’. We conte the secon tox #644 mm @ 28-5 pm as fe membes. Check fix_feltnclornens rakio (2) = tiective Jength CD = 1:5¢m = 15% mm Jequt rex = gdacm = 4. 9omi From code’) minmroum of | " Yan be Tyy Selendenen rahe OD = 4 = 4560 = 44.02 2950 BE99 Hence, ok Deurgn_af sivekel end connecinna = thenaing-ahenglh of one sith im gle dhe a type nde = 4 O26 = + a £19242. 25 N Rea viv in_somgle = Sppadal = 2604 sp5 46| sea. riveh of 26m dremeter_ard_avranged the vom in_figure_below': ee Provide pitch = 26 = 9426 Edyy_dinfance = ah = an de Ol emlnr connectel yy file! Wen Net ona requited = Aral Put! = jae0a0___= Boor’ 1 E _ OTE i= ; Acumipy the gromn ofa» 10/. mere ther_ned_are. 3 toram “ovea_ropured = foot 40% of Boo C i Ue 3a a5¥-G0n hmm @ 42:¢.11m Crom sf fable) Gress area available = 9.38 em = 9¢Ram2 { ‘ohh more tha» A@omm? aa requived Th louger_ hy 0 uf teem tama fra. of eannechd tp Can) = (se ae = 568 mnt ka 3A, = 2x 668 = O-B99. TAS +A GREY + 268 Abt ore, Ant = Ax + Aok = a ch BOR OBE 40. 4.96mm& > Aled -ofion Tas theme eee ca ot chnatnectimn tee fon nol creo required « ble can we the Seohiar 45-4 5x8 mm ie #2. efi aa te. axgmbey. ik figh-als ate 560mm tea o (A= 1606 2 44. dog x 956, Minimum tize of fillet weld = Mortiotum sr wadl nde see nf urd gy = mm. ihmet_thicknen ch = 0-#28Date: ———__ Page ———— ; id mpued = Arial Pall : al lngfh of oxld_rgured fail fo = 429000 452.6 r = 264.69 co nfo mi Chay) ~ Ta seem : i+ $5+12 = 270 Qs + to = 970 -F5 = 195mm £C8A Gi ber AFEGHN AIS + MCG TTL HF = 120000 x 252 a S4020 lx + 4275750 = 2024000 i te = St. 89mm oe Samm F 42% 195-52 = 42mm r~— | a Cau A plade of size agsomx-¢mm_t connected by riveln hown_m_fgure- The da by_sabje Gon ourm t wel | Pe ae it dbl s-|| triven, L thicknen: of plak ¢) = 44 mm. tordth of plak @)_= 2507. Nominal dearmneter of nivel ce) = 22mm Gon _damiekr_of rivet cd) = 2a 2% = 3.5mm = 2849.000 mm? —o@ Net seckonal ara along doa. 9~4- 6-6 Cergeng reclts Anet = [b-“nd + ns? Tt el = [2s0—ay eres sent ly 40 4% 60 = 2693.5 mm? ——@® Effective _length =U athere, L= Jength ef stub te Allo iH i =O i a a _ in le & fy) Slendernen vadio Tp 10- |ected {0 some le Ls] Allowable axe ical lengt> of compreni i el = Your's ici n= Tmpertclon factor = 1-4f loads initiber e a 2 defo f = Es lafteet_the shen in rh 0 ubched eral of Th dae wel Befix snale_J-secHon column, ‘sac_= 80 A /rom™ ume _eac= 400 or 340 Nimm: on ceo 0 kn section fiom sleel table whore oreo 1» grader Hay Ta require oreo Piast the Jenut radius of gyfer he eons on: ale Theyre mer y about x-x and Y-¥ aah Te. Te ae 1 calc i [tex arel_tyy 1 [eat yodis of qyradiorgt= | minimurn of Tve ke Tyy _—_~ fia of foult-up section.~— | ee Anaad ware SxRom of a La t-aom_ Yong - Hin atic by one rivet at each end . petrmmne_ the Stan causy? ‘aions Guven, | Le ta¢m Popahe of 1A 6x 66%4mm ira (a) = $ 460m = 9K MM Yaa = Yyy = 4-96 em 2 39-6MM. Yau = 2-¢4¢m = 2b FM z n= mifimum of 72 50070, 34m = 1366 mm = 508 2 < 480 fiom _sigin-soee clawe 65-3) too (Y) sae = Bon mm Cx) 440 (Ye) oac= 42 Aimm® Ca) = 108-8 (4) pac = 90 Op me ~ (pe-Ya) pe Hy x2) (do-¥s) Bac = + Bo - (40g.g— 400) (60-72), Gite = foo) 2 wae = 42.96 N mm™ Alluwable Oxia! campewive shen =0.B sae. = O8y pa.94 = 5h. $68 Allon’.e_angle r_butlt of to sh_60%80%6 m b anecel wh a quyet ple zomm a i 1ch_end: Vie knot of ‘the 5m. Cale id A | clan!—— ——— Qng-2 |. Oetgn 0 cinple angle shut fro. afteel -00f_inusn wlth “he” Hilloaning data et Lak oem eee =e ea 2 250NT mn Ree = Dungy bed = 40 kn r Also “deurgn iia vivetel enol cennecHony. ___~ Joluction|| wiven F effedive kneth co = 2.5m = 2600 mm Dailn bad 240 ba = 4000 A ible oxral sac = Bo! = i Sac = 40000 = spomm> 0 t Ty_t 5x (mm @ 56-9 NI eI amo_co) = ¢-44.0me’ = ¢44-mme ho = Vyy = 1:98 = 19-8 mm. Menimum yodiua of gyration, = 19-8mm 7 alrom?- = 1%. SS) = é a Sac = 56 6-RE mae st = G2- 126-26~ 126 (49. ca) 130 — 120 mac = 5-62 AN Imm Allowable oxsa! ceprennive eat la a rafe_l = 2. = 228N = 42.97 kn aa DfeBL 2 bF4. 25 3-9 = 3360mm. 2 [eclumn ny eftptlively tot ends bt rental oF au ie Aual bod = ato kN = 410000 aiming perminnible arsal conpremive then, sac =86 Nan Vontan area —ceguired = "£10000 = _si25 mm? =fn000.- 0 ecien 5H} 16 @ 4.92.8 N Im \ From 23.30, = 54.94 um? = 5494 mme = 9-80 cm = 98 py = 4-96 em = _49-€mmm ((te= 114-268 Nim? JOke s8HQ 225@ 423.3 Nim. #unit-6 Design of Roof Truaneo en Caste ew) Roof Tus 2 Raed truss to a framed hucture in which number of line mewben shcight emlee) ove to orronged ond connect at the endn— The —loal_and_teackonn occur only af the jamds of a tusn Parly of 0 Roof Truss roof fy a Tap chord mernbera.- 5 A. cag A ¢-upper moat line of mnembem exknding Am ane support A th oncthwy ard thot paares through the peok of a fuss Orr called _ op shatd member. Tip chord Y Top_Cnrdl manger 4 SS po_wek_ member sotto chord risnbey Figs Paris ofa roof fw, Settom Chord Members :~ Te re) membern_ or defi r ne me of e mot a Heb _memberns— Heb membera_are_vertical_or ners connected sath the upper nd lowe} chord memberspis Pea #4 Venrous_Jerrme cued tn_vovf) fuga ——_ @llseane- E cal The deatance behossn fhe cote fh centre of supports to kvm a” Span. > @| Rez - Glin the vertical tnt : laps Joining the supports Bal Pitch = E [The prich of a trun to the sft of vine 4o the yon. @ jJepe i Le - Sl (tte the vabto ef vine, ta the span. © | Purbn - uJ Surine or Yadural member, gyannine fm tuys bn drum. 7G A ae ‘eater yer t= com _whi Linn. El ri fe bers tt ah Panel z- f (ti the distance between too adjacent point, in_a-prmtipa! raft. lof woof fruas- hak celts fs fone) Totntn :- fame! jor ove the jomb oF which fhe witb member are comet tothe fp_and betiom chow of 0 yoo tus, Sin feat ort i the jot gt The ape = Eaves t Eaves are the bottom edges OF an inclined opp surfae- 4Be ao Type of Trusses s- : 1 Roof huores ‘ore of lhwng types king Port Tis 2* asi | Le \ 1 built in_combinakian of usted NX fod ste. of fuss i gutabk [Figo ka i 4 ir spon_upty gm. i £2 vwoaden ook fuss can, _& ww le fink Truss :- IN tt th alao known ast iF 1» constrycded by dh for the raiddle_ oP et? ond ie re "Teas Sok Gok toa chun th tener cal Lice ihn moun an fanpand french trina: a on fom tp lige fn Tass a mal tn trum. Jinple fn Combined Fan Tiuss [Tie trusnes are swab ‘fr span of s6m 40 a5m. 7 (Fg = Pret True]woe Truay 2gre", -OIceL KX TIPFIBER Unit-7 [Timber res imber > Lol Timber 1» the won Cprepared! woe!) suitable for building or engine 0709. SalTimber shuctury are aed quite widely where timber is available che Lo |Timber_ aire lean cluobte than steel fe_ structures. b| I) itnbey having higher ste tbh i ke, warping ele is suitable ued be i imnber Dt shoul have a uniferrn_celour. @| Ht should be hard ond dumble Dit ywlay and annual ri elt rave a: ckevight hy cat cwrf ve yy (0 it should be fice fiom @Dat = | Advantage and_.04- adianlager ef Th ° = OH tm ght én_weight ond strong becoune the shuchwre ts very Joy with “Yerpect to Bc sey [ttn enaily available and_con be quickly aton by si n |The fly vk nan_armage-wtitk ton sld.el ben, > DT timber in good mauled of eal om soso ie very we for electric pole» ©| The timber re en wi joindet of the sows “poll. | Wakes the comproive ove fle Load-an_congth Din-advantagen = (The fomber chuchinndenkoyed ly deny mcluced by Bg ed ° % Cts not duable andl adbcted by ter natural condom. ingech Taha bn goes ~ shyinkoge twith chang @ | tin lennon i il wl 6 © | Timber_chruchures ore _expennive. @\ It con't want the fre fighting.aos band ar of fumale_ = We =: a vA _perminntb ke shear > Gear ytd — He (ble ten, cokelake 647 et ty token innible Sad caletlage ‘exact '6 and dl” with aaneming.Ty bor Join led Tatra Ic fo Finsobing amd nounkerance of oil jain N Th 1 the one ‘ypu of timber joint which gtve The nahn | shuctural purpose. Boltecl Jounin 10 onuther dope of timber jont. In thes jour! the bale ore ovary. ment tn_shuchwed jornt ef timber. The sp tea nce, IrQNoL’ Te Fa 4 a a a | i NI L fe aia @ © w —salution Perminsible_ghrean fay fk dmbey from cule | = wn? Cpage.uo-@. 2. fix sperd © sek lor i ‘to Xectanguly beam- Es i. 2z = > = yieg st AM) G-g)-4 = 28 m_factor, = pptogt ef 92 + De +55060 = 08 +0-8y0-23) gov%+ 8900 a 4002 + 65000 = 0-83 —$ find ree a 12 42 = mute 25 emf 12 2 = 103750 mt hen Secon maduley cz) =f = Jo7160 _ 9384-6 mone 40, Se, = ovoent ef revntence CO) = Sine ke ———_p-_——_—__ 22:28 2518450083 SSIL- 20 KN em, eee rene Said _ccwlar croyn-cechions & section modulus ce) = 2 z Soncoe = xot [ose = po] = =f] De | = not 32 | = 07 | eZ | = 50.72 on then, | tooment of maindance (mn) = sh a-Z i = 428 2660-72 = 3992-92 kaon * Ono ino roof. The beowry a o fs averting in 2ailen™ and ive lead a fallin J loi: Here, ol tend == Live = 25% Op tee 4-05 $I, spacing number poe dead = 2 oF x1 = 4 eNIm lf guming sotm x zoom beam.) from z+ 963:1994 pelt wierht average unit mass In B05 ¥40_ = 8-05 tall ive spon Ch)= 2008 = 84m.a aaa fre = 40-0 lag Lae prontie legs Coals = 16. Es = = 1:69 kilo? Frequirel = MM Be = 289-6 1:69 = 191. 36 cm then, = bse sii bx Go é VFL BE= 4h 6 BFS 4F130x6 : §:358 am. = 42322Using gem « 120m cal_beam checka.: | cheat far shear = bk shear sires = 0 wm Ss 862: 8 vertical shear farce V= Weft — eae =atibe(os — 0-53] ] 2 Z = 3-424 kN Maxum horontal sheas, Tmo = _2V bo = Sx 3.424 x 1006 70420 = 0-564 A Imm® > 0-94.01 mm? which safe | cheek fbr_benrang- Permisnible beaning sfrean = permrenibk compreagiyy tren noxmol_to_grain 46 whom 0-46 KA fer? ath end pes Satis ¥ BI Tu ME 3 = 2484 kN = 64. emt cb goon eoung oro requireda © check fer_cleflection s- —__ : Tnmeasing ok b/s 2% (odd) + ge tas = 3.26 BN). : — 2 modulus of olabicity Ce) c.g to” N Imm (Fiom ode) = 126-F% 107 10 2£0 2000 = 4-24 ¥ 40? kn [om soment of inerfa Ct) = bd? a2 ee 2 = 1261-6 emt [Maximum deflection CSmox) =_ Wl ® S64 EL Ex 3.26 toh (sie) S844 1-24 440% x 19856 ata ke deflection tn_unsafe.BoE = 1 cry f = 3589-9F #12 & b= 8.53 cm b= Qe 85¢ HIF 189 be h id gel plake tem ml 0 [|e aan tilde Hel plade % ayn Ys $09: 2994 J 1s 665 1098) 298 bn lemnon! Pagu—___ > £oy mild ste! Cane @) [wees tratom’ _ fil ond _traber tutl tieich together, shaun inter = shatn-mseel ——_____ > = (eh) J umber Maximum shen at the extreme fibre of Her. TE tegher = = & = gag hey 26: 2etot = 9-927 KN Iem® 4:74 kw lem? hich i a cli = (Shier \eleal “+ (BE #2) gira = 15% Rede a? 4 00927 ware aot pe aie ee = 4950 + 285° #5 Ny 9095+96 kiem. = _40-% km. quaking moment cf m_be Le m= My. wit = Fo 36 a Or, Wi F0-56KE re 8 W= 16-63 fal lm, 91: the beom can corny Gu) = 45-02 kim.ae sd cose) | Tanevming ember seh mip cel clan ay shan In fp Thitknena ot tel schon = & Etsy sdb LO Preto = oveecm foment of inertia CE) = 15 x Coz). Gemest) gos Seager ~ = 9400 emt Moment of resistance On) = 66»: = Sb D Sinan = 5 9100 [Yeon = 2] s i/p 2) = 9384.94 kN om = 89-844 KAM. Sarg cnt a ratlance on beng” ame “Wit = 93.844 ae Oh, We 93-84dn6 cor Sw = 20.86 kntim iin = 20.05 kamDaw Paw $41 Dentgn_of _talumn s —Q-no-t|| detrmne the sofe axial dood tn o twcwlor sol colsran tf dion length 3-5. 1 luda ee fomeky of relumo = 20rr length of column _ay= 35m For Jal, redline = 12 ala Tore wai) 28 46% kel) Pammiantble_b Leaning Theon (oz) = d0-¢allma® [From eae) parallel tthe grain 206 KAI lem? peg ne techionol grea tf column _@) = zrot? é = Kv2e ” + = Sth. Heat ze jvalnk suim clumn cd) = ie 10 = 1¢-F2m 107 fo oo of leuk side te catumn (aT ag 9 ke = 0-702 [ Bey = 0-703 ¥ [LaF age [r0¢ = 24.9 = L its be ke lt my 0 Prumieotble cmpresnive threan = zp S a Es +Gl— ‘pee Pog | Permpnible Jd = Ax 3p x[z-2 ( e \#7 sof axial Lead) UC? Gera J Esittx d0eefi-a ( a50___\*T 3 a3 nae | Jafe axial lead = 284.54 ro | Q.No-R| Dern 0 5m [a lar bor colin by scm th cock planks tp cory tn axsal Jeadl ef sookW. 7 n Dlutonsy tvven xin) Lead = 420 kw! length CL) = sm +thicknem_cr_= 60m for_cleodor Modula of ekoly © = 92-250" si lam™ [fom ode] = 0-95 #407 fenllem Pamimible cnpremive chen ig) = 7-8 ent! mm® parallel ty grain oth kalem®: aol [OSS 14 do J ky minnible ive (Sip) = Jo requiresl oreo nquired = aval Joad ep = 400 = 542.2 me _—side of a squane column 542-82 — 2 —___ + Hig sean x arm bon cluram on thu» 1 figure gb > da = 26cm ; de = 5-6-5 = A5CM. then, | L = S00 = ite Ad? +d* ee + (09 ud, kos we [use ZS set = 7] coe aame se“) t= soem (50m) T- fiom =a Seiv 0-78 VH060¢ztor) st = 10-99, aes kg Itt an fnkrmediete column. de tay Pamianble compremive throne) = ip Top YL i C Sta ieal) 1, Puminpible lad = Spx] 2-4 i +] a, 3 Tatra) J 0, _Puminnible hod =f x Be ef a- 3 a =boxs = ttt ba > fan aahich io soft vi lanka of 5mm xno | Peston o i L to Sp KN. Solution = From ude { = Bes elem © J / Spe 6-2Nimme 5 From _tede] = 0°52 kN lem® kyo = 0-408%] 2.5% wep = bore [a5 e OC KIE 052 = hott S12 le 2 bao, Hin on intemmedick spared colurnn a