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Beranda (http://lib.ugm.ac.id/en)  Harvard Referencing Style

Harvard Referencing Style

What is Harvard Style?
Harvard referencing style is used primarily in education area. Harvard referencing style uses references in two places in a piece of
writing: in the text and in a reference list at the end. In general, each author name that appears in the text must also appear in the
reference list, and every work in the reference list must also be referred to in the main text. All the details of the reference are
important, even the full stops and commas. In-text references in Harvard style should give the author’s family name and the year of
the work’s publication. If you quote or paraphrase, you should also give a page number.

See all examples for details on how to construct references for specific resources such as books, journals and web pages.

  

Journal articles

Required information and layout:

Author’s family name, Initial(s) year of publication, ‘Title in single quotes’, Journal Title in Italics, vol. ##, (volume number) no. #, (issue
number) pp. #-# (page numbers the article covers).

Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry

Journal article – Print (Habel 2009) Habel, C 2009, ‘Academic self-efficacy in ALL: capacity-building through self-
belief’, Journal of Academic Language and Learning, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 94-104.

Journal article from (Ticker 2017) Ticker, CS 2017, ‘Music and the mind: music’s healing powers’, Musical
web, freely available Offerings, vol. 8, no. 1, article 1, viewed 21 May 2017, .
from an e-journal’s
website

Journal article with DOI (Jeeyoo et al. 2017) Jeeyoo, L, Ji-Eun, L, Yuri, K, Lee, J, Lee, J-E & Kim, Y 2017, ‘Relationship between
(Digital Object coffee consumption and stroke risk in Korean population: the Health
Identifier) Examinees (HEXA) study’, Nutrition Journal, vol. 16, pp. 1-8,
DOI:10.1186/s12937-017

Journal article in (Muldoon 2012) Muldoon, K, Towse, J, Simms, V, Perra, O, & Menzies, V 2012 ‘A longitudinal
press/advance online analysis of estimation, counting skills, and mathematical ability across the
publication first school year’, Developmental Psychology, advance online publication,
DOI:10.1037/a0028240.

Journal article with two (Darwin & Palmer 2009) Darwin, A & Palmer, E 2009, ‘Mentoring circles in higher education’, Higher
authors Education Research and Development, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 125-136.

Journal article with (Maier, Baron & Maier, H, Baron, J & McLaughlan, R 2007, ‘Using online roleplay simulations
three authors McLaughlan 2007) for teaching sustainability principles to engineering students’, International
Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1162-1171.

Journal article with four (Grosso et al. 2017) Grosso, G, Stepaniak, U, Micek, A, Stefler, D, Bobak, M & Pajak, A 2017,
or more authors ‘Coffee consumption and mortality in three Eastern European countries:
results from the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern
Europe) study’, Public Health Nutrition, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 82-91.
  

Books, E-Books and Book Chapters

Required information and layout:

Author’s family name, Initial(s) year of publication, Title (in italics), Publisher, Place of Publication.

Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry

Book – Print (Connell 2009) Connell, R 2009, Gender, Polity Press, Cambridge.

E-Book accessed via a See “Book – Print” Same as for print book. If a DOI is available and your lecturer requires it, this
Universitas Library above may be included at the end of the reference (see example of “Journal article
database with DOI”, above).

E-Book from web (freely (de Grosbois 2015) Same as for print book, but include date viewed and URL. If an eBook is
available online) “born digital” (it has only ever been published online) and no place of
publication can be located, only list the publisher. If it has a DOI, this may be
listed in place of the date viewed and URL.

de Grosbois, T 2015, Mass influence: the habits of the highly influential, Wildfire
Workshops, viewed 21 May 2017, .

Book with two or three (Campbell, Fox & de List all authors in the order they appear on the title page of the book. Use an
authors Zwart 2010) ampersand (&) to separate the last two authors.

Campbell, E, Fox, R & de Zwart, M 2010, Students’ guide to legal writing, law
exams and self assessment, 3rd edn, Federation Press, Sydney.

Book with four or more (Henkin et al. 2006) In the in-text citation, list only the first author, then et al. In the bibliography,
authors list all authors in the order they appear on the title page of the book. Use an
ampersand (&) to separate the last two authors.

Henkin, RE, Bova, D, Dillehay, GL, Halama, JR, Karesh, SM, Wagner, RH &
Zimmer, MZ 2006, Nuclear medicine, 2nd edn, Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia.

Book chapter in (Warner 2010) This example is for a book with multiple authors and editors. For the in-text
compiled book (each citation, list the author(s) and date. For the bibliography, give author/chapter
chapter written by a information, then editors (initials, then surname), title, publication
different author) information. You must also give the chapter page numbers.

Warner, R 2010, ‘Giving feedback on assignment writing to international

students – the integration of voice and writing tools’, in WM Chan, KN Chin, M
Nagami & T Suthiwan (eds), Media in foreign language teaching and learning,
De Gruyter, Boston, pp. 355-382.

Book with an edition (Carroll 2012) For a book with an edition number, add the number and the abbreviation
number ‘edn’ after the title of the book. There is no need to include edition
information if a book is a first edition, or if no edition is mentioned.

Carroll, AB 2012, Business & society: ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder

management, 8th edn, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, Oklahoma.

Book with no author (Style manual for Use the title in place of the author name.

authors, editors and Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley &
printers 2002) Sons, Milton, Qld.
 Book with a volume (Cowie, Mackin & Cowie, AP, Mackin, R & McCaig, IR 1983, Oxford dictionary of current idiomatic
number McCaig 1983) English, vol. 2, Phrase, clause and sentence idioms, Oxford University Press,
Oxford.

Book written in a Translate the book title Lemmens, M 1996, ‘La grammaire dans les dictionnaires bilingues’, in H
foreign language only. (Lemmens 1996) Béjoint & P Thoiron (eds), Les dictionnaires bilingues (Bilingual dictionaries),
Duculot s.a., Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, pp. 71-102.

Book translated from a (Jansson 1948) Jansson, T 1948, Finn family Moomintroll, trans. E Portch, Puffin Books,
foreign language London.

  

Conference Publications

Required information and layout:

Author’s family name, Initial(s) year of publication, ‘Title of paper’, in Editor’s initial(s) Editor’s family name (ed.), Title of conference,
Conference Organiser/Publisher, Place of publication, pp. xxx–xxx.

Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry

Conference paper (Goldfinch 2005) Goldfinch, M 2005, ‘A pilot discussion board for questions about referencing:
published in book of what do students say and do?’ in G Grigg & C Bond (eds), Supporting learning
proceedings in the 21st century, proceedings of the 2005 Annual International Conference of
the Association of Tertiary Learning Advisors Aotearoa/New Zealand (ATLAANZ),
Dunedin, New Zealand, pp. 179-191.

Conference paper – (Crisp, G, Hillier, M & Crisp, G, Hillier, M & Joarder, S 2010, ‘Assessing students in Second Life –
online edited Joarder, S 2010) some options’, in CH Steel, MJ Keppell, P Gerbic, & S Housego (eds),
proceedings Curriculum, technology & transformation for an unknown future. Proceedings of
the 27th Annual ASCILITE Conference: Curriculum, technology and transformation
for an unknown future, Sydney, pp. 256–261, viewed 15 July 2011, .

Conference (Butler 2009) Butler, D 2009, ‘Using video worked examples to enhance learning in a first
presentation – year mathematics course’, paper presented at the 4th ERGA conference,
unpublished University of Adelaide, 24-25 September.

  

Newspaper or magazine article

Required information and layout:

Author’s family name, Initial(s) OR Publication Name year, ‘Title of article’, Title of news or magazine site, date of publication OR volume
and issue, page numbers if applicable, viewed date (if online publication), .

Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry

Newspaper or (Robertson & Kyriacou Robertson, D & Kyriacou, K 2010, ‘Skating on thin ice’, Advertiser, 20
magazine article 2010) November, p. 9.

Newspaper or (Banks 2010) Banks, D 2010, ‘Tweeting in court: Why reporters must be given guidelines’,
magazine article viewed The Guardian, 15 December, viewed 25 November 2015, .
online
 Newspaper or (Evening Express 2014) Give the publication name in place of the author name. For articles viewed
magazine article with online, include date viewed and URL.
no author
Evening Express 2014, ‘Firearms officer drove at 60mph on wrong side of
road in Aberdeen’, Evening Express, 22 May, p. 12, viewed 18 April 2017, .

  

Data set

Required information and layout:

Author’s family name, Initial(s) OR Authoring body year, Title of dataset, Physical location (if applicable), DOI or viewed date, . If a DOI
is given, do not include date viewed or .

Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry

Data set with DOI (U.S. Department of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and
Health and Human Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies 2013,
Services, Substance Treatment episode data set — discharges (TEDS-D) — concatenated, 2006 to
Abuse and Mental 2009, DOI:10.3886/ICPSR30122.v2.
Health Services
Administration, Office
of Applied Studies
2013)

Data set – no DOI (Bureau of Meteorology Bureau of Meteorology 2011, High-quality Australian daily rainfall dataset,
2011) Bureau of Meteorology, viewed 17 November 2011, .

  

Webpage

It is best, wherever possible, to reference the specific page or section of a website that you are using, rather than the whole website.

If a website document doesn’t have an author (individual or corporate), start with the title of the document in italics followed by the
date. If there is no date, use n.d.

  

Author’s family name, Initial(s) OR Authoring body year, Title of webpage (in italics), Title of website, viewed date, .

Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry

Webpage (World Health World Health Organization 2014, WHO recommendations for routine
Organization 2014) immunization – summary tables, World Health Organization, viewed 1 May
2014, .

  

Social media

Required information and layout:

Author’s family name, initial(s) year, Title (in italics), source type, day and month of publication (if applicable), viewed date, .

Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry

Blog (Smalls & Brook 2010) Smalls, S & Brook, S 2006, My great blog, blog, viewed 10 January 2008, .
 Blog post (Bergmann 2011) To reference an individual post within a whole blog, include the name of the
whole blog and the date of the specific post.

Bergmann, L 2011, ‘The active voice versus the passive voice’, blog post,
Grammar Gang, 5 July, viewed 27 July 2011, .

Facebook post (Smith 2015) Smith, P 2015, Rethinking higher education the team is everything, Facebook, 25
April, viewed 16 June 2015, .

Podcast (Isherwood 2012) Isherwood, B 2012, Where ideas come from, podcast, 12 September, viewed 5
June 2014, .

Twitter (Obama 2016) Obama, B 2016, It’s time for Senate leaders to put politics aside…/ Twitter, 17
May, viewed 19 May 2016, .

YouTube (Bainbridge State Bainbridge State College 2010, Plagiarism: how to avoid it, YouTube, 5 January,
College 2010) viewed June 5 2017, .

  

Other reference types (print or online)

Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry

Artwork (Gaudernack 1907) Gaudernack, G 1907, Plique a jour, enamelled vase, Kunstindustrimuseet,
Oslo.
(Turner 1812)
Turner, JMW 1812, Snow storm: Hannibal and army crossing the alps, Oil on
canvas, 145×2360 mm, Turner Collection, Tate Gallery, Britain.

Australian Bureau of (Australian Bureau of Australian Bureau of Statistics 2008, Australian social trends 2007, cat. no.
Statistics Statistics 2008) 4102.0, ABS, viewed 31 October 2008, . Material.
http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/2003-06a.pdf.

The Bible (Psalm 23: 1-2) [Only include in reference list if details are necessary.]

Dictionary (Longman dictionary of Longman dictionary of contemporary English, 3rd edn, 2003, Pearson
contemporary English Education Limited, Harlow, UK. [Only include in reference list if details are
2003) necessary.]

Encyclopaedia – author (Crystal 1995) Crystal, D 1995, The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language,
prominent Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Encyclopaedia – author (Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia Britannica 1966, Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., Chicago.
not prominent Britannica 1966)

Email, phone Treat as a personal It is preferable to include the details in your written text. e.g. A Polish
conversation, letters, communication; do not learner’s dictionary was written in 2009 (Pius ten Hacken, personal
interviews include it in the communication, 5 November 2010).
reference list.

Lecture in which you Treat as a personal It is preferable to include the details in your written text. e.g. During a lecture
take your own notes communication; do not in the topic 7052 ‘Electromagnetic theory and RFID applications’ given at the
include it in the University of Adelaide on 12 July 2010, Professor Peter Cole said …
reference list.
 Lecture notes given out (Cole 2010) Cole, P 2010, ‘Part 5: advanced electromagnetic theory’, lecture notes
during a lecture distributed in the topic 7052 Electromagnetic theory and RFID applications,
University of Adelaide, on 12 July 2010.

Maps (Mason 1832) Mason, J 1832, Map of the countries lying between Spain and India,1:8,000,000,
Ordnance Survey, London.

Media release (Smith 1999) Smith, A (Minister for Justice and Commons) 1999, Coastwatch initiative bears
fruit, media release, Parliament House, Canberra, 21 July.

Pamphlet – (Health Department Health Department Victoria 1987, Quit: give smoking away in 5 days, Victorian
organisation as author Victoria 1987) Smoking and Health Program booklet, Anti-Cancer Council and National
Heart Foundation, Melbourne.

Patent (Hill 1956) Hill, L 1956, Hills hoist, Australian Patent 215772.

Picture or graph (Willison & O’Regan Willison, J & O’Regan, K 2006, Research skill development framework, viewed 14
2006) December 2010, .

Play (William Shakespeare, Shakespeare, W 1968, Hamlet, The Syndics of the Cambridge University
Hamlet, act 3, scene 1, Press, London. [Only include in reference list if details are necessary.]
line 64.)

Poem (John Keats, Ode to a [Only include in reference list if details are necessary. Reference the source
nightingale, verse 7, from which you found the poem, e.g. book or website.]
lines 1-2.)

PowerPoint (Aguilar 2001) Aguilar, F 2001, ‘Polyethylene biodigesters: production of biogas and organic
presentation fertilizer from animal manure’, PowerPoint presentation, viewed 14
December 2010, .

Radio broadcast (The search for The search for meaning 1998, radio program, ABC Radio, Sydney, 24 March.
meaning 1998)

Report – print and (Bradley, Noonan & For online reports, include date viewed and . See ‘Reports by organisations
online Scales 2008) without a specific author’ (next entry) for example).

or give the name:

 

(The Bradley report Bradley, D, Noonan, P, Nugent, H & Scales, B 2008, Review of Australian higher
2008) education, Australian Government, Canberra. Short name: Bradley report.
Give a reference to the longer name: eg See Review of Australian higher
education.

Reports by (The least developed The least developed countries report 2010, United Nations Conference on
organisations without a countries report 2010) Trade and Development, viewed 14 December 2010, .
specific author

Television broadcast (Letters and numbers Letter and numbers 2010, television program, SBS Television, Melbourne, 6
2010) October.

Thesis (Miller)2002) Miller, J 2002, ‘An investigation into the use of anglicisms in modern
European Portuguese’, MA thesis, Flinders University, Adelaide.

Video, film, DVD (Coco Chanel & Igor Specify the format (e.g. video recording) after the date. Add other useful
Stravinsky 2010) information after the citation, e.g. directed by… Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky
2010, video recording, Madman Entertainment, Australia. Directed by Jan
Kounen.

  
Notes
And / &

✓ For in-text references, use ‘and’ between names in the text and ‘&’ between names in brackets.
✓ Use ‘&’ between authors’ names in the reference list.

Authors/Editors

✓ An author is someone who has written a particular text, such as a book or journal article.
✓ An editor is someone who has compiled a text, such as a dictionary, or a book to which several authors have contributed.
✓ For two authors with the same family name, writing in the same year, include their initials in the in-text reference. e.g. E Peters
2007, P Peters 2007. Give complete reference details as usual in the reference list and list them alphabetically in order of the
family name followed by the authors’ initials.
✓ Use the name of the first author and then ‘et al.’ for 4 or more authors in in-text references. Give all the authors in the reference
list entry.

Dates

✓ Website with no date – write n.d.

✓ Two books or articles written in the same year – use the letters ‘a’ and ‘b’ in the text and in the reference list. e.g. Smith 2000a,
Smith 2000b.

Editions

✓ If a book has several editions, write the number of the edition you have used. N.B. This is not the same as the printing or
reprinting date. First editions do not say ‘first edition’, but second and subsequent editions will tell you which edition they are.

Place of publication

✓ Book with many places of publication – choose the first.

✓ Book with no place of publication – write n.p.
✓ Give any extra information needed to disambiguate (e.g. Cambridge, Mass. vs Cambridge, UK) or to clarify (St. Lucia, Qld, rather
than just St. Lucia).

Pagination

✓ Use p. when referring to one page and pp. for more than one page.

Multiple and secondary sources

✓ For more than one source at one place in the text, put the references in brackets in alphabetical order, separated by a semicolon
(e.g. Brown 2003; Miller 2009; Smith 2001).
✓ For secondary sources, give both sources in the text (e.g. Smith 2001 in Wright 2004) and only put the book you have physically
used in the reference list (e.g. Wright, IM 2004, How to quote, Book Press, Adelaide).

Special exceptions

✓ For classics (e.g. Virgil), give the line number and the date of the edition you have used in the reference list but not in the text.
✓ Details of dictionaries, plays and poetry are not usually included in the reference list, unless you are studying a text and need to
give publication and edition details.
 

Source: https://www.adelaide.edu.au/writingcentre/sites/default/files/docs/harvard-referencing-guide.pdf
(https://www.adelaide.edu.au/writingcentre/sites/default/files/docs/harvard-referencing-guide.pdf).

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