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Bridge Manual Retaining Walls - Section 3.62 Page 3.2-2

This document discusses factors of safety for retaining wall footings against overturning and sliding according to AASHTO standards. It provides the minimum acceptable safety factors for different load cases including static, seismic, and collision loads. It also discusses methods to increase resistance to sliding, such as adding shear keys or widening footings. Finally, it presents the Rankine formula for calculating passive soil resistance at shear keys, which provides lateral support for the wall.

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139 views1 page

Bridge Manual Retaining Walls - Section 3.62 Page 3.2-2

This document discusses factors of safety for retaining wall footings against overturning and sliding according to AASHTO standards. It provides the minimum acceptable safety factors for different load cases including static, seismic, and collision loads. It also discusses methods to increase resistance to sliding, such as adding shear keys or widening footings. Finally, it presents the Rankine formula for calculating passive soil resistance at shear keys, which provides lateral support for the wall.

Uploaded by

lomoscribd
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bridge Manual

Retaining Walls - Section 3.62 Page 3.2-2


Cast-In-Place Concrete Retaining Walls

Factor of Safety Against Overturning


AASHTO 5.5.5
AASHTO Group Loads I - VI:
· F.S. for overturning ³ 2.0 for footings on soil.
· F.S. for overturning ³ 1.5 for footings on rock.
For seismic loading, F.S. for overturning may be reduced to 75% of the value
for AASHTO Group Loads I - VI. For seismic loading:
· F.S. for overturning ³ (0.75)(2.0) = 1.5 for footings on soil.
· F.S. for overturning ³ (0.75)(1.5) = 1.125 for footings on rock.
For collision forces:
· F.S. for overturning ³ 1.2.

Factor of Safety Against Sliding


AASHTO 5.5.5
Only spread footings on soil need be checked for sliding because spread
footings on rock or shale are embedded into the rock.
· F.S. for sliding ³ 1.5 for AASHTO Group Loads I - VI.
· F.S. for sliding ³ (0.75)(1.5) = 1.125 for seismic loads.
· F.S. for sliding ³ 1.2 for collision forces.
The resistance to sliding may be increased by:
· adding a shear key that projects into the soil below the footing.
· widening the footing to increase the weight and therefore increase the
frictional resistance to sliding.

Passive Resistance of Soil to Lateral Load


The Rankine formula for passive pressure can be used to determine the
passive resistance of soil to the lateral force on the wall. This passive
pressure is developed at shear keys in retaining walls and at end abutments.
AASHTO Figure 5.5.5A
The passive pressure against the front face of the wall and the footing of a
retaining wall is loosely compacted and should be neglected when
considering sliding.

Rankine formula: PP =
1
2
[ ]
C P g S H 2 - H 12 where the following variables
are defined in the figure below:
æ fö
C P = tan 2 ç 45 o + ÷
è 2ø
2
H 1 y 22 + y 23
y1 = 3
H 2 - H 12
PP = passive force at shear key in pounds per foot of wall length
CP = coefficient of passive earth pressure
gS = unit weight of soil
H = height of front face fill less 1 foot min. for erosion
H1 = H minus depth of shear key
y1 = location of PP from bottom of footing
f = angle of internal friction of soil

Revised: Sept. 2002 E6202 E3.62-0

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