GREEN BUILDING CONCEPTS

DEFINITION OF GREEN BUILDING:

Green building also known as green construction or sustainable building refers to
both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource efficient throughout a buildings life cycle from planning
to design. Construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.
A green building is one which useless water, optimises energy efficiency,
conserves natural resources generates less waste and provides healthier spaces
for occupants as compared to a conventional building. Green building are
Designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health
and the natural environment.
Energy efficiency
Healthy structures
Building longevity
Sustainability-. Waste reduction
Recycled content materials
Water conservation
GREEN BUILDING CONCEPTS
a) Structure design efficiency
b) Energy efficiency
c) Water efficiency
d) Materials efficiency
e) Waste reduction
A – structure design efficiency: The foundation of any construction project is
rooted in the concept and design stages.
In designing environmentally optimal buildings the objective is to minimize the
total environmental impact associated with all life cycle stages of the building
project.
B- energy efficiency: Green building often include measures to reduce energy
use.
By using high efficiency windows and insulation in walls, ceilings and floor.
By using solar water heating further reduces energy loads.
C- water efficiency:
To minimize water consumption one should aim to use water which has been
collected used , purify and reused.
D- Material efficiency:
Materials should be used that can be recycled and can generate surplus amount
of energy.
An example of this are solar power panels. Not only they provide lighting but they
are also a useful energy source.
E- waste reduction:
Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and Materials
used during construction well designed building also help to reduce the amount
of waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing onsite solution such as
compost bins to reduce matter going to land fills.

HOW GREEN BUILDINGS ARE DIFFERENT FROM OTHER BUILDINGS?

A green building uses less energy, water and natural resources creates less waste
and is healthier for people living inside compare to a standard building.
In ordinary buildings material of construction techniques are used which are not
concern with energy consumption of materials. So it is required to use such kind
of construction techniques and materials to achieve economy energy
consumption and provides natural resources maximum.
The green building minimize the waste in construction by recovering materials
and reusing or recycling them.

BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING:

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS:
a) Energy conservation
b) Reduction in air pollution
c) Climate change effects
HEALTH BENEFITS:
a) Sick building syndrome
b) Reduced allergy asthama symptoms
SOCIAL BENEFITS:
a) Better brain function
b) Improved sleep
c) Promote eco friendly behaviour
ECONOMIC BENEFITS:
a) Reduced energy spinning
b) Reduced maintenance cost
 c) Higher occupancy rates
d) More green jobs.

UNIT-2 INTRODUCTION TO GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL:

IGBC ( INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL ) :

It is the first rating program developed in india. It is a consensus based, market
driven building program that brings together a host of sustainable practices and
solutions to reduce the environmental impacts.

It was launched in 2001, IGBC it is the part of the confederation of Indian industry.
Initially, it sets out to promote green building, referring to a building that
consumes less water, generates less waste, practices energy efficiency, conserves
natural resources and provides healthier spaces for occupants compared to other,
more conventional buildings.

VISION OF IGBC:
To user in a green building revolution in india.
India to become one of the World leaders in green buildings by 2015.
BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDINGS:
Energy savings – 40- 50%
Water savings- 20- 30%
Better indoor ambience day lighting and views improved health and productivity
(12-16%).

IGBC RATING SYSTEMS:

Green building design provides an integrated approach considering life cycle
impacts of the resources used.
An important development in the growth of green building movement in India is
the launch of the following IGBC green building rating systems

IGBC green building rating systems addresses green features under the following
categories:
a) Sustainable architecture and design
b) Site selection and planning
c) Water conservation
d) Energy efficiency
 e) Building materials and resources
f) Indoor environmental quality
g) Innovation and development
CERTIFICATION LEVELS:
The threshold criteria for certification/ precertification levels are as under:
IGBC will recognise green new buildings that achieve one of the rating levels with
a formal letter of certification and a mountable plaque.

Certified- 40-49 – best practices

Silver – 50-59 – out standing performance
Gold – 60-74 – national excellence
Platinum – 75-100 – global leadership

VARIOUS RATING SYSTEMS:

LEED: Leadership in energy and environmental design
GRIHA: Green rating for Integrated habitat assessment.

LEED: Administered by the u.s. green building council.

Advertised as:
- Reduced environmental impact
- Reducing operating costs
- Increasing occupant comfort and productivity.
LEED BASICS- RATING SYSTEMS
- New construction
- Existing buildings
- Commercial interiors
- Schools
- Homes
Certification depends upon the number of points earned.

Certified : 40-49 points

Silver. : 50-59 points
Gold. : 60-69 points
Platinum : 80 points and above.

GRIHA :
GRIHA has been developed for the different agro climate zones of India.
Developed particularly for non – AC spaces or partiality ac building.
GRIHA RATING SYSTEMS- 5 ‘R’ PHILOSOPHY:
Refuse
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Reinvent
- 50-60 - ⭐
- 61-70 -. ⭐ ⭐
- 71-80 - ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
- 81-90 - ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
- 91-100- ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐

BREEAM – ( BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT ENVIRONMENTAL

ASSESSMENT METHOD):
It was first launched in 1990.
Inspires developers and creators to excel, innovate and make effective use of
resources.
Focus on sustainable value and efficiency.
BREEAM certified developments attract property investments and generates
sustainable environment that enhance the well being of the people who live and
work on in them.

RATING SYSTEM:
⭐- pass
⭐ ⭐ - good
⭐ ⭐ ⭐ - very good
⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ - excellent
⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ - out standing

UNIT-3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AND GOALS OF GREEN

BUILDINGS:

PASSIVE AND ACTIVE DESIGN FEATURES IN GREEN BUILDINGS:

PASSIVE STRATEGIES: Passive strategies are used primarily to meet the demand
for thermal and visual environment and carried out by means of optimizing the
design of the building envelope. For the thermal environment, a passive strategy
is done by heating avoidance and building cooling. Efforts to avoid the heat
carried by regulating building orientation, self shading, shadowing by vegetation,
as well as shadowing by buildings in the area with high building density. Another
possible way is to organize the material heat capacity, heat transmission, and the
material surface characteristics such as texture and colour. While cooling the
building done by the convective cooling through the use of space vents, roof
vents, wall vents etc..

In general it can be concluded that passive design strategy includes:

a) SITE PLANNING
1) Land scape elements
2) Landscape pattern
b) BUILDING DESIGN
1) Building configuration
2) Building orientation
3) Building shape
c) BUILDING COMPONENTS
1) Glass or wall
2) Sunshading

a) Use of thick walls

b) High ceilings
c) Ventilators
d) Skylights
e) Coping
f) Necessity of parapet
g) Cornices in the exterior façade
h) Use of landscaping elements
i) Beams
j) Tall trees
k) Shrubs, bushes
l) Use of pergolas
m) Ponds
n) Balconies
 o) Varandah
p) Rain water harvesting pit
q) Use of local materials

ACTIVE STRATEGIES:
Active strategy is the strategy of utilizing the conditioning room with electro
mechanical equipment to obtain the required level of comfort. Almost all utility
systems in building can use the active strategy such as air conditioning systems,
audio systems, transportation systems, fire protection systems, plumbing
systems, audio systems, cleaning systems. Especially for thermal environment,
the active strategy used for
a) Artificial air circulation
b) Ventilator
c) Humidity regulator
d) Air cooler
e) Wind energy
f) Wave energy
g) Use of solar energy

UNIT- 4: CLIMATE AND ITS ROLE IN GRREN BUILDINGS:

MACRO CLIMATE: The climate of a larger area such as a region or a country.

The macro climate around a building cannot be affected by any design changes.
However the building design can be developed with a knowledge of the macro
climate in which the building is located.
General climatic data give an idea of the local climatic severity:

Seasonal accumulated temperature difference are a measure of the outside air

temperature, though do not account for:
a) Available solar radiation
b) Typical wind speeds and direction
c) Annual totals of global horizontal solar radiation
d) The driving rain index
This meteorological data gives a impression of the climate at the site of a building
and the building design can be planned accordingly.
However the building itself and surrounding geography will affect the local
climate.

MICRO CLIMATE:
The site of a building may have its own micro climatic conditions caused by the
presence of hills, valleys, slopes, streams and other buildings.
A local atmospheric where the climate differs from the surrounding area.
The site of a building may have a many micro climates caused by the presence of
hills, valley, slopes, and other buildings.
The term may refers to areas as small as a few square feet or as large as many
square miles.

ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE:

TEMPERATURE: Temperature is the amount of heat energy that is in the air. Its measure unit
is Celsius degrees or Fahrenheit degrees in some countries. Heat is the energy radiated from
the Sun to the Earth in the form of light.

PRECIPITATION: It is a process that ends with the fall of water, in liquid or solid form, to the
earth’s surface. A large percentage of rainfall drains into lakes and rivers while the rest
evaporates from the earth’s surface or passes through plants. The latter process is known as
evapotranspiration and is part of the water cycle.

HUMIDITY: It is the water vapor contained in the air. Its amount varies according to to the
amount of rainfall and solar radiation in a zone. 
Water vapor is present in any region of the
world, even the hottest ones. As the temperature increases, so does the possibility of having
water vapor.

WIND: The Wind is the moving air. It causes variations in climate by drying humidity, causing
storms, and contributing to water evaporation.

SOLAR RADIATION: Although it is an unseen element, it significantly impacts climate by

providing heat. The amount of sunlight the ground receives is called insolation.

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: It is the force exerted on a given surface due to the weight of the
atmosphere. It varies vertically; the values decrease as you ascend in altitude.