Case Analysis Group 4b3
Case Analysis Group 4b3
DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
Easter School Road, Guisad, Baguio City
CASE ANALYSIS
in
SURGERY WARD
SUBMITTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED ON:
September 6, 2021
INSTRUCTIONS:
CONGRATULATIONS for pursuing with your dream of becoming a nurse.
Read the case of a patient whom you are to provide nursing care. Take time to analyze and process the information
provided, before answering the activities following each section of your module.
You may take a break, as necessary. You can ask your friends, classmates, parents, or any person whom you think
can help you understand but remember a greater amount of output should come from you, as you are the LEARNER
here.
Of course, you can ask me, your clinical instructor, for clarification on areas you do not seem to understand and do not
know what to do. Would be thankful and gladly help you on your learning needs. You can contact me through my
number: ________________________.
For you to conduct all the requirements for this rotation, we shall follow the schedule below:
Online:
Day 1: AM: read on your patient’s case and answer the given activity. In the afternoon we shall process 1 nursing
problem (actual).
Day 2: AM: processing of 2nd nursing problem (actual/potential), PM –partial or full processing of concept map
Day 3: AM: processing of concept map if yet done, PM – rotational exam (20 points)
Modular: Remember that you are given 3-5 days to finish this task.
ENDORSEMENT:
Situation: Endorsed patient X to 3-11 shift assigned in the Surgical Ward, the following data are:
HISTORY:
- Narrative presentation of the scenario
- Brief description of the case focusing on the following:
Patient’s Profile: Name: Patient X
Age: 34 years’ old
Sex: Male
Civil status: Married
Height: 5 feet, 5 inches
Weight: 80 kg
BMI: 29.3
Address: La Trinidad
Occupation: Laborer
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Date and time of admission: August 27, 2021 @ 6: 00 PM
Bed #: 2
Ward: Surgical Ward
Admitting diagnosis: Alcohol Intoxication, multiple physical injury secondary to motor vehicular accident, fracture
closed, complete tibia- fibula
Chief complaints: Pain to multiple injuries secondary to motor vehicular accident
HPI – Patient X,34 years old male, was rushed into the Emergency Room of Benguet General Hospital around 3:00 in
the afternoon due to Motor Vehicular Accident near McDonalds in La Trinidad. According to the patient, under the
influence of alcohol, he was driving his motorcycle fast around the area when he did not notice the vehicle backing up
Past Surgical/Medical History: Patient did not mention any past medical or surgical history.
Family History: Family has no history of hypertension. He lives with his wife and sister.
SEH: Patient X works full time as a laborer and likes to drink alcohol after a long day at work.
ACTIVITY 1: Underline using a red pen the pertinent positive and negative date or finding that you think are relevant in the
formulation of your nursing diagnoses
FEEDBACK: Congratulations you can now proceed with the activity.
Note: can also be given through text
ACTIVITY 2: Recalling the concepts of health assessment, anatomy, and physiology, you have to identify FIVE pertinent PE findings
that show abnormality. Read your book or notes for you to elaborate on the cause of your patient’s clinical signs and symptoms. In
your own words to explain the condition or summarizing what you have read or understood is HIHGLY encouraged. You must also
supply the textbook or material that you have utilized as reference.
FEEDBACK: You might find it easier for you if you have your textbooks with you. Congratulations you can now proceed with the
activity.
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
- Highlight on the patient’s lab result/ diagnostic findings
- Depending on the case provide at least 2-5 lab procedures that are related/pertinent to the case under study
ACTIVITY 3: Using a reference book (can specify), you have to fill in the values that are asked and summarize or using your own
words indicate the appropriate rationale for the abnormality.
Lab test & Pertinent Lab Reference/normal values Interpretation Purpose
Result
1. Serum electrolytes 135-145 mmol/L Sodium =141.0 The purpose of this test is to
3.5-5.5 mmol/L Potassium =3.82 measure whether the patient
98-108 mmol/L Chloride =106.9 has enough electrolytes in his
Normal results body.
2. BUN 2.80-7.20mmol/L 4.75 The purpose of this test is to
measure the amount of uric
acid of the patient’s body.
3. CREA SOX 70-115.0umol/L 100.00 -The purpose of this test is to
measure how well the kidneys
patient is performing in
filtering the waste from the
blood.
Option: can put the normal values on some or put rationale for some and they will identify the specific lab test
Option: instead of rationalizing on the cause of abnormal lab result, indicate the purpose and nursing implications
o Ex: ABG’s … requires 5 minutes pressure application on the site or the specimen should be placed in an ice bucket
FEEDBACK: That the spirit, keep going. You might want to have a few minutes break before proceeding to the areas of the module.
MEDICAL/SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS:
ACTIVITY 4: Read about your patient’s diagnosis using your textbook (MedSurg/ specify). Focus on the description of the disease, the
etiology or cause, what are the signs and symptoms and why do they occur, what are the recommended interventions and nursing
interventions. Digest the information that you have obtained. Take time to process and analyze them. Once you are ready, in 500 words
or briefly answer the following questions.
FEEDBACK: KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK, what you are doing will keep you focused and enable to understand your patient the best
way possible. It may be hard on you at the start but doing it often, you will soon find it easier. Remember, no pain no gain.
Activity 5: After reading your textbook or notes on pharmacology and/or medsurg book, answer what are asked on the following table.
Drug/ Classification Dose/Route/ Mechanism of action Common Side Effects Nursing responsibilities
Frequency
1.Ketorolac 30mg Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, headache Explain to the pt. About
IV producing peripherally mediated dizziness importance and purpose of the
Nonsteroidal anti- Q8 analgesia. Also has antipyretic and drowsiness drug.
inflammatory agents, anti-inflammatory properties. diarrhea Monitor BP upon administration.
non-opioid analgesics constipation High blood pressure can make
gas the condition worsen if taking
sores in the mouth ketorolac.
sweating Monitor signs of GI bleeding,
including abdominal pain,
ringing in the ears
vomiting blood, blood in stools,
pain at injection site
or black, tarry stools. Report
small red or purple dots on these signs to the physician
the skin immediately.
Monitor signs of allergic
reactions Notify physician
immediately if these reactions
occur.
Assess pain and other variables
(range of motion, muscle
strength) to document whether
this drug is successful in helping
manage the patient's pain and
decreasing impairments.
Be alert for signs of prolonged
bleeding time such as bleeding
gums, nosebleeds, and unusual
or excessive bruising. Report
these signs to the physician.
Monitor injection site for pain,
swelling, and irritation. Report
prolonged or excessive injection
site reactions to the physician
2.Acetaminophen 1 tab Thought to produce analgesia by nausea, Explain to the pt. About
(Paracetamol) Oral inhibiting prostaglandin and other stomach pain, importance and purpose of the
Q4 substances that sensitize pain loss of appetite, drug.
Analgesics PRN receptors. Drug may relieve fever itching, Monitor vital signs
antipyretic through central action in the rash, Take with food or milk to
hypothalamic heart- regulating center headache, minimize GI upset.
Report N&V. cyanosis,
dark urine,
shortness of breath and
clay-colored stools,
abdominal pain as these are
or jaundice (yellowing of signs of toxicity.
skin or eyes). Report paleness, weakness,
and heartbeat skips
Report abdominal pain,
jaundice, dark urine, itchiness or
clay-colored stools
3.Tramadol 50mg Modulates the descending pain sleepiness Explain to the pt. About
-opioid analgesic 1 tab / oral pathways within the central nervous difficulty falling asleep importance and purpose of the
TID system through the binding of parent or staying asleep drug.
and M1 metabolite to μ-opioid headache Assess type, quality, onset,
receptors and the weak inhibition of nervousness location, and intensity of pain.
the reuptake of norepinephrine and uncontrollable Take the drug with food or milk
serotonin. shaking of a part of to prevent GI upset.
the body Instruct pt. To increase fluid
muscle tightness intake to prevent dry mouth and
constipation
changes in mood
Reassess level of pain at least
heartburn or
30 mins. After administration.
indigestion
Tell pt. To report if side effects
dry mouth occur
4.Cefuroxime 1.5 g Cephalosporins exert bactericidal Nausea, Explain to the pt. About
IV activity by interfering with bacterial vomiting, importance and purpose of the
Second-Generation Q8 cell wall synthesis and inhibiting diarrhea, drug.
Cephalosporin (true cross-linking of the peptidoglycan. strange taste in the Determine history of
2nd generation The cephalosporin’s are also thought mouth, or stomach hypersensitivity reactions to
Prepared by: Brando B. Badecao
REMINDER: REPRODUCTION/SHARING OF THIS MODULE OR ANY OF ITS PART/S WITHOUT YOUR INSTRUCTOR’S
CONSENT IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED
Page 5 of 9
cephalosporin) to play a role in the activation of pain may occur. cephalosporin’s, penicillin’s and
bacterial cell autolysins which may history of allergies particularly to
contribute to bacterial cell lysis. drugs before therapy is initiated.
Report onset of loose stools.
Inspect IM and IV injection sites
frequently for signs of phlebitis.
5.Mecobalamin 2 amps Mecobalamin plays an important role Nausea Check doctor’s order
Belongs to the class Q12 in transmethylation as a coenzyme in Vomiting Verify patient’s identity
of vitamin the synthesis of methionine from Diarrhea Give with food if GI upset occurs
B12 (cyanocobalamin homocysteine. The drug is well Loss of appetite Encourage patient to comply
and analogues). transported to nerve cell organelles headache with the diet recommendation. -
and promotes nucleic acid and protein Ask the patient to notify any of
synthesis. the health care team if he feels
nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain or tarry stools occur -
FEEDBACK: I hope you were not intoxicated by these drugs. Remember that these are important in saving your patient’s life and it
should be monitored for its therapeutic and side effects.
ACTIVITY 6: Applying the nursing process, integrate all the significant findings obtained in the analysis of the case and formulate a
nursing care plan for your patient. Use the given table/format presented.
(ON ANOTHER PAPER)
FEEDBACK: CONGRATULATIONS, you have just shown how prepared you are in meeting your patient’s needs. If this
continues, expect that a lot of your patient will be smiling and thanking you for saving their lives.
COLLABORATION
Activity 7: As a future nurse you should be able to work with your co-nurses and other health care professionals and form a team sharing knowledge
and resources to solve or provide patient care.
- Concepts: referral to physician, respiratory therapist/PT, nutritionist, family planning, rehab, psyche etc.
- Justify (in 3-5 sentences)
Collaboration is important especially when it comes to improving and enhancing the patients’ health. For our patients case it is a need to
collaborate with:
• Orthopedic surgeon- is an expert with extensive training in the proper diagnosis and both non-surgical and surgical treatment of injuries
and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons treat patients of all ages— from newborns to the elderly.
• Physical therapists (PT) - The PTs will help the patient improve their physical function and ability to move. The PT’s role is to teach the
patient how to be as independent and safe as possible in their environment. The PT will give the patient exercises and re-train their muscles
and nerves. The aim is to restore normal function. The PT will also help the patient strengthen their muscles and improve endurance, walking,
and balance.
FEEDBACK: WELL, DONE! You have contributed in making the health care team working as one for the benefit of the patient.
ETHICO-MORAL-LEGAL CONCERNS (may be added for 2nd years last ward duty)
As nurses on duty, it is our responsibility to ensure that our patient is receiving quality care. Since our patient is diagnosed with Multiple
physical injury secondary to motor vehicular accident, medication like Tramadol were given for treatment. Therefore, we must administer the
medications right on time and as ordered. Monitoring the patient for side effects and adverse reaction will also signify how we are able prevent
any harm to our patient. However, if in any instances that our patient refuses to take his medication, we will then first inform and explain to him
and to his watcher of the consequences of refusing treatment to his health using layman’s term, before respecting his right for autonomy and
having him sign a legal document, that will not hold us liable for negligence of duty. Encouraging our patient to at least elevate the injured leg
with 1 or 2 pillows, also explaining the use and effect of it will probably help in persuading our patient to do so.
FEEDBACK: WELL, DONE! you are almost done, its not time to give up. Take a deep breath, cool down, and proceed. Now summarize what you
have done by formulating the concept map/table.
ACTIVITY 9:
Incorporating all the data that had been presented to you and your readings, create a concept map on the pathophysiology of the patient’s disease/condition.
Incorporate the risk factors present in your patient based on his/her history, the signs and symptoms presented by your patient as shown on his/her PE and ROS, the
lab results provided by the various diagnostic exams.
Group all cues together showing how you were able to arrive to a certain nursing diagnosis/es.
Lastly, include the various medications and or procedures that were given to your patient placing them on their right places at the map.
If you do not have colored pens you may use place them in colored boxes, if it is still not feasible do not worry you do not need them at the moment, just use what you
have.
Do not forget to include the arrows to show connections and/or relationships among the various concepts.
Study the given sample below for you to understand. You may use a different style as long as the essential components are present and appropriately linked.
Should you have clarifications I am a text away.
Good luck.
Sudden Injury
Inability of the bone to
absorb too much
pressure exerted on it
Break in the continuity of
the bone
Fractured closed
Disruption of surrounding
tissues periosteum, blood
vessel and nerve supply
Deformity
e
Intense inflammatory
Loss of Function
response
Initial Vasoconstriction
Hyperemia Decrease
Outpouring of the plasma Hematoma
Perfusion
blood to the site formation
Decrease
RBC and
Redness Heat Cellular WBC
Swelling and Edema
proliferation
COMMUNICATION
Activity 10: Your shift is about to end, using ISBAR (a patient safety communication structure that aids simplified, effective, structured and
anticipated communication between healthcare personnel). Fill in your end of shift report to help guide the incoming student nurse.
Identify yourself: your name: 4B3 role: student nurse ward/area: Surgery Ward
Situation: What is your patient’s name, age & gender, current situation/status (stable but in danger of deterioration, unstable), concern or your
observations, what needs to monitor/observe (ex; abnormal VS, labs, active clinical signs/symptoms)
Patient X, 34 years old male, lying on bed #2 with an intact heplock on Left arm. Pt. Is currently experiencing acute pain in the right leg
with the pain scale of 5/10 from 7/10. Tramadol 50mg Oral, T.I.D. was given as prescribed by the physician. Pt. Needs to elevate the right leg
with 2 pillows high as ordered. Latest Vital signs are as follows: BP: 110/90 mmHg; PR: 92 bpm; RR;20cpm; T; 37 C and SPO 2 of 98%. Patient
is currently waiting for his Orif surgery. Patient has limited ROM and needs assistance in performing ADL’s.
Background: Give the relevant details such as presenting problems and clinical history that will help the incoming staff interpret the situation easily;
may also include meds / procedures already administered
Pt. X is suffering pain at the right leg due to multiple injuries and fracture at the right leg caused by motor vehicular accident. Patient has an
ongoing medication of 50mg tablet of Tramadol. No past clinical and surgical history. CBC, ultrasonography, X-ray procedures were already done.
Assessment: What is your assessment? (Base it on your observation on your patient during your shift what is his/her current condition, risks & needs).
Received patient lying on bed with his right leg elevated by two pillows with notable surgical cast. He is awake, afebrile, responsive and
alert. Facial grimace was noted; patient is in pain with a pain scale of 7 out of 10. Patient has limited range of movement and needs assistance
in performing activities. Initial vital signs were: BP; 110/80 mmHg; PR: 85 bpm; RR: 17 cpm; T; 37.2C, and a SPO 2 of 95%.
Recommendation: What do you recommend being done to correct the situation? Be clear about what you are requesting. (e.g
transfer/review/treatment? When should it happen?
Continuously monitor the patient. provide comfort to relieve pain from patient. Provide analgesic as ordered by physician when needed.
Always raise the side rails up for patient’s safety.
Feedback: CONGRATULATIONS, you have carried out your task. I will be getting back to you in after I have read your output.
Note: can be same format for online case analysis/presentation; Feedback: SMS, private message, zoom conference (immediate)