CHAPTER Matrices CASE STUDY / PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS Syllabus Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose ofa matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices, Invertible matrices; (Here all matrices will have real entries). Ina city there are two factories A and B. Each factory produces sports clothes for boys and girls. There are three types of clothes produced in both the factories, type I, Hand III. For boys the number of units of types I, II and III respectively are 80, 70 and 65 in factory A and 85, 65 and 72 are in factory B. For girls the number of units of types I, II and IIT respectively are 80, 75, 90 in factory A and 50, 55, 80 are in factory B. Wg Fa Based on the above information, answer the following questions. ()_IfP represents the matrix of number of units of each type produced by factory A for both boys and girls, then Pis given by Boys Girls 1 [ss 20 room @ ule ss (p) Boys[50 55 80 Girls| 85. 65. 72 m|72 80 Boys Girls tou m 1 [so so © Salmo 70 «| (® wo 7s us m[65 90 (ii) If Q represents the matrix of number of units of each type produced by factory B for both boys and girls, then Q is given by pos. Gis Ion mW @ 1 a a (b) Boys{50 55 80 Girls|85 65 72 m}72 80Boys Girls ron om 1 [80 80] (c) Boys[S0 75 ‘| @ }70 75 Girls]80 70 65 T1|65 90) (iii) The total production of sports clothes of each type for boysiis given by the matrix tou 1 on om 1 on om 1 om om (a) [165 130 137] (b) [130 165 137] (©) [165 135 137] (a) [137 135 165] (ix) The total production of sports clothes of each type for girls is given by the matrix Lon om 1 on m 1 on om (a) [130 130 170] (b) [170 130 130] (©) _ [130 170 130] (a) none of these (W) Let R bea 32 matrix that represent the total production of sports clothes of each type for boys and girls, then transpose of R is 165 135 137 ) [82 30 7] . a w “ iss 130 130 170 165 135 138] [BSF 137 170 170 137 —e—_——___ ‘Topromote the making of toilets for women, an organisation tried to generate awareness through (i) house calls (ii) ‘emails and (iii) announcements. The cost for each mode per attempt is given below : (i) %50 (ii) % 20 (ii) % 40 ‘The number of attempts made in the villages X, Yand Zare given below : i) i (iii) xX 400 300 100 Y 300 250 75 Z 500 400 150 Also, the chance of making of toilets corresponding to one attempt of given modes is (i) 2% (ii) 4% (iii) 20% Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) ‘The cost incurred by the organisation on village X is, (a) 10000 (b) 715000 (©) % 30000 (d) 7 20000 (ii) ‘The cost incurred by the organisation on village Y is (a) % 25000 (b) 18000 (© 23000 (4) & 28000 i) The cost incurred by the organisation on village Z is (a) = 19000 (b) 739000 (© = 45000 (d) = 50000 (iv) ‘The total number of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in village X, is (a) 20 (b) 30 (© 40 (d) 50 (¥) The total number of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in village Z, is (@ 26 (b) 36 © 46 @ 56 ‘Three car dealers, say A, Band C, deals in three types of cars, namely Hatchback cars, Sedan cars, SUV cars. ‘The sales figure of 2019 and 2020 showed that dealer A sold 120 Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 10 SUV cars in 2019 and300 Hatchback, 150 Sedan, 20 SUV cars in 2020; dealer B sold 100 Hatchback, 30 Sedan, 5 SUV cars in 2019 and 200 Hatchback. 50 Sedan, 6 SUV cars in 2020; dealer C sold 90 Hatchback, 40 Sedan, 2 SUV cars in 2019 and 100 Hatchback, 60 Sedan, 5 SUV cars in 2020. eo & Based on the above information, answer the following questions. () The matrix summariring'sales data of 2019 is Hatchbsck Sedan SUV A300 150 20 ‘ g]200 so 6 clio 30 5 Hatchback Sedan SUV Afio0 3005 Bli2 so 10 cl 40 2 (ii) The matrix summarizing sales data of 2020 is Hatchback Sedan SUV A[300 150.20 Bl200 50 clo (a) Hatchback Sedan SUV Afioo 5 © glo 50 10 cso 0 2 Hatchback Sedan SUV Afi20 5010 ©) Bfi00 305 cls 402 Hatchback Sedan SUV Af200 «506 @® Blo 30s c]300 150-20 Hatchback Sedan SUV Afi20 50.10 ® Blo 60 5 clo 402 Hatchback Sedan SUV A{200 506 @ Blo 60 5 cl300 15020 (iii) The total number of cars sold in two given years, by each dealer, is given by the matrix Hatchback Sedan SUV Afi90 1007 ® plo 9 ou cl20 20030 Hatchback Sedan SUV Af420 200 30 © pl300 = 80 c}190 100 7 Hatchback Sedan SUV A[300 30 il © Bliso 100 7 Cc} 420 200 30 (@)_ None of these (iv) The increase in sales from 2019 to 2020 is given by the matrix Hatchback Sedan SUV Af1s0 10010 @ plio 20 cli00 203 Hatchback Sedan SUV Af1o 200 3 () Blo = 20 cliso 100-10Hatchback Sedan SUV Hatchback Sedan SUV Afis0 10010 Afioo = 203 © slo 20 1 @ liso 10010 clo 203 clo 203 (v) If each dealer receive profit of 7 50000 on sale of a Hatchback, T 100000 on sale of a Sedan and % 200000 ‘on sale of a SUV, then amount of profit received in the year 2020 by each dealer is given by the matrix. Af 30000000 Af12000000 [34000000 [15000000 (a) B} 15000000 (b) B}.16200000 (©) B} 16200000 (a) 8} 30000000 c|12000000 [34000000 c{12000000 [12000000 —Q9————— A trust fund has 35000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds, say X and Y. The first bond pays 10% interest p.a. which will be given to an old age home and second one pays 8% interest pa. which will be given to WWA (Women Welfare Association). Let A bea 1 x 2 matrix and B be a2 x 1 matrix, representing the investment and interest rate on each bond respectively. (enmienn ns Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) If % 15000 is invested in bond X, then Investment (a) a=* ' B= a os Interest rate = fonogn [22 = [21 0.08] interest rate Interest rate b) A=Invest [soon 20000 =~ | (b) A=Investment [1 | =) loos Interest rate x y x [0.08 (©) A=Investment [20000 150005 B= y | 4, (d) None of these (ii) If % 15000 is invested in bond X, then total amount of interest received on both bonds is (a) % 2000 (b) % 2100 (© %3100 (a) 4000 (iii) If the trust fund obtains an annual total interest of € 3200, then the investment in two bonds is (a) 15000 in X,% 20000 in ¥ (b) &17000 in X, T 18000 in Y (©) % 20000 in X, 15000 in ¥ (a) % 18000 in X, T 17000 in Y (iv) The total amount of interest received on both bonds is given by (a) AB (b) AB (© BA (d) none of these(¥) Ifthe amount of interest given to old age home is € 500, then the amount of investment in bond Y is (a) % 20000 (b) = 30000 (© =15000 (a) %25000 e—_———_ Three schools A, B and C organized a mela for collecting funds for helping the rehabilitation of flood victims. They sold hand made fans, mats and plates from recycled material at a cost of £25, 100 and @ 50 each. The number of articles Sold by school A, B, Care given below. [school] a] B | € Article Fans 40 | 25 | 35 Mats 50 | 40 | 50 Plates 20 | 30 | 40 Based on above information, answer the following questions. () If Pbea3 x3 matrix represent the sale of handmade fans, mats and plates by three schools A, Band C, then Fans Mats Plates Fans Mats Plates A [40 50 20 A[25 40 20 (a) P=B 125 40 30 (b) P=B 135 40 30 c [35 50 40 c [40 50 20 Fans Mats lates Fans Mats Plates A [40 25 35 A[25 35 40 () P=B {50 40 50 @ P=B}40 40 50 c [20 30 40 c [20 30 20 (i) If @be a3 x 1 matrix represent the sale prices (in) of given products per unit, then 25 | Fans Fans Mats Plates Fane Mate Plates 25 | Fans (@) Q=}50]Mats — (b) Q= [25 50 100] () Q=[25 100 50] (a) Q=|100] Mats 100 [Plates 50 [Plates (iii) The funds collected by school A by selling the given articles (a) €7000 (b) €6125 (9 7875 (@) € 8000 (iv) ‘The funds collected by school B by selling the given articles is (a) 5125 (b) T6125 (Q 7125 (@) 78125 (v) ‘The total funds collected for the required purpose is (a) % 20000 (b) = 21000 (© %30000 (a) 35000 Q@——__——_ ‘Two farmers Shyam and Balwan Singh cultivate only three varieties of pulses namely Urad, Masoor and Mung. The sale (in 2) of these varieties of pulses by both the farmers in the month of September and October are given by the following matrices A and B.September sales (in 2) October sales (in 2) Urad§ Masoor Mang Urad Masoor Mung = [soe 20000 vaoo| ‘Shyam 5000 10000 6000] Shyam ~ [50000 30000 10000} Balwan Singh [eon 10000 ‘on Balwan Singh Using algebra of matrices, answer the following questions. (i) ‘The combined sales of Masoor in September and October, for farmer Balwan Singh, is (a) % 30000 (b) % 90000 (© % 40000 (a) 2135000 (ii) The combined sales of Urad in September and October, for farmer Shyam is (a) % 20000 (b) 730000 (© 236000 (@ 215000 (ili) Find the decrease in sales of Mung from September to October, for the farmer Shy. a) 724000 (&) 7 10000 (© 730000 (@)_No change (iv) Ifboth farmers receive 2% profit on gross sales, compute the profit for each farmer and for each variety sold in October. Urad Masoor Mung Und Mascor Mung (@ [ie 200-220) Shyam (b) [100 200120] shyam 400300200] Balwan Singh 400 200 200 Balwan singh Urad Masoor Mung Urad Masoor Mung (© [150 200 220]Shyam (@ [100 200120] Shyam 400 200280] Balwan Singh 250 200 220 Balwan Singh (¥) Which variety of pulse has the highest selling value in the month of September for the farmer Balwan Singh? (a) Urad (b) Masoor (© Mung (d) Allof these have the same price ey A manufacturer produces three types of bolts, x, yand 2 which he sells in two markets. Annual sales (in Z) are indicated belowMarkets Products x y z I 10000 2000 18000 I 6000 20000 I 8000 If unit sales prices of x, y and 2 are 2 2.50, & 1.50 and 2 1.00 respectively, then answer the following questions using the concept of matrices. ()_ Find the total revenue collected from the Market-1. (a) % 44000 (b) % 48000 (© % 46000 (@) %53000 (ii) Find the total revenue collected from the Market-II. (a) &51000 (6) 253000 (©) % 46000 (a) 249000 (iii) If the anit costs of the above three commodities are % 2.00, % 1.00 and 50 paise respectively, then find the {gross profit from both the markets. (@) 53000 (b) % 46000 (© ©3400 (@) €32000 (iv) If matrix A = [ay],,., where ay = 1, ifi#j and a, = 0 if =, then A? is equal to @t (b) A oo (@) none of these (v) IfA and B are matrices of same order, then (AB'— BA’) is a (a) skew-symmetric matrix (b) null matrix (c) symmetric matrix (d)_unit matrix TA = [yh cy aNd B= [bj] cn ate two matrices, then A = Bis of order m x n ands defined as (AE B)y = ay + byy Where i= 1, 2, nny mand j= 1, 2, TA= [ay], ) }120 84 72\B 132 156 96]¢ 132 156 96} Notebooks pens pencils Notebooks pens pencils 144 n 72)A 144 60 60a (©) }120 156 sa]B @ }120 84 72\B 132 st 95|C 132 156 96|C (ii IY represents the matrix formed by the cost of each item, then XY equals 5740 6696 5016 6740 (a) |6780 (b) [5916 (co) | 6696 (@) |5740 8040 7440 7440 8140 (iti) Bill of A is equal to (a) 6740 (b) % 8140 (© %5740 (@) % 6696 (iv) Ifa? = A, then (A+ D*-7A= @A (b) A-1 or @ Aer (v) IfA and Bare 3 x 3 matrices such that A? - B= (A - B) (A + B), then (a) either A or Bis zero matrix () A=B (b) either A or Bis unit matrix (d) AB=BA GEE Es 1. (i) (d):In factory A, number of units of types I, IL and III for boys are 80, 70, 65 respectively and for girls number of units of types I, 1 and IIf are 80, respectively. Boys Girls 180 80 P=m|70 75 ul[65 90 (i) (a): In factory B, number of units of types 1. IT and III for boys are 85, 65, 72 respectively and for girls, number of units of types I, II and III are 50, 55, 80 respectively. Boys. Girls 1[85 50 Q=11|65 55 1}72 80 (iti) () : Let Xe the matrix that represent the number of units of each type produced by factory A for boys, and Y be the matrix that represent the number of units of each type produced by factory B for boys. ton on om ‘Then, X=[80 70 65] and y=[85 65 72] Now, required matrix = X-+ Y= [80 70 65] + [85 65 72] = [165 135 137] (iv) (a): Required matrix = [80 75 90] + [50 55 80] = [130 130 170] (v) (a): Clearly, R= P+Q 80 80] [85 50] [165 130 =|70 75+) 65 55]=|135 130 65 90} [72 so} [137 170 165 135. 137 130 130 al 2. (i) (Q): Let® A,F Band C be the cost incurred by the organisation for villages X, Y and Z respectively. Then A,B, Cwill be given by the following matrix equation. 400 300 100][50] [A 300 250 75 ||20/=|B 500 400 150]} 40} [cA] [400x50+300x20+100x 40 = | Bl=| 300x50+250x 20+75x40 C} [500 x 50+400x20+150x 40 20000 + 6000 + 4000] [30000 =| 15000 + 5000 + 3000 | =} 23000 25000 + 8000+ 6000} |39000 (ii) (©) (iii) (b) (iv) (©) : Total number of toilets that can be expected in each village is given by the following matrix X{400 300 100{{ 2/100 ¥}300 250 75 |} 4/100 Z|500 400 150]] 20/100 X[8+12+20] x[40 =Y] 6+10+15 |=¥]31 Z\10+16+30} Z|56 ™ (@) 3. @ (b):In 2019, dealer A sold 120 Hatchback, 50 Sedan and 10 SUV: dealer 8 sold 100 Hatchback, 30 Sedan and 5 SUV. and dealer C sold 90 Hatchback, 40 Sedan and 2 SUV ‘Required matrix, say P, is given by Hatchback Sedan SUV A[120 5010 P=B\100 305. clo 40 2 (ii) (@):In 2020, dealer A sold 300 Hatchback, 150 Sedan, 20 SUV dealer B sold 200 Hatchback, 50 sedan, 6 SUV dealer C sold 100 Hatchback, 60 sedan, 5 SUV Required matrix, say Q, is given by Hatchback Sedan SUV Af300 150-20 Q=B/200 50 6 clio 6S (iii) (6) : Total number of cars sold in two given years, by each dealer, is given by Hatchback Sedan SUV A[120+300 504150 10+20 P+Q=B}100+200 30+50 5+6 Cl 90+100 40460 245 Hatchback Sedan SUV Af420 200-30) =B}300 80 clis0 1007 (iy) (©): The increase in sales from 2019 to 2020 is given by Hatchback Sedan SUV. 300-120 150-50 20-10 Q-P=B| 200-100 50-30 6-5 cl 100-90 60-40 5-2 Hatchback Sedan SUV Afiso 10010 =B|100 201 clio 20 3 (v) (0): The amount of profit in 2020 received by cach dealer is given by the matrix Hatchback Sedan SUV Af300 15020] [ 50000 Bl200 50-6 | -} 100000 clioo ~~ 605 | | 200000 A[ 15000000 + 15000000 + 4000000 =B} 10000000 + 5000000 +1200000 C|_ 5000000 + 6000000 + 1000000 [34000000 = B} 16200000 c| 12000000 4. (i (b):If Z 15000 is invested in bond X, then the amount invested in bond ¥ = & (35000 - 15000) =% 20000. x oY A=Investment[15000 20000] Interest rate Interest ate x [0%] _x [or and B= = y [s%} ~¥ |oos (@ (©): The amount of interest received on each bondis given by on AB=[15000 20000) | 0.08, [15000 x 0.1 + 20000 x 0.08] = [1500 + 1600] = 3100 i) (c): Let @ x be invested in bond X and then (35000 — x) will be invested in bond Y. ‘Now, total amount of interest is given by 1 [x 35000- x] | 0. sos [0.1 + (35000 - x)0.08] But, it is given that total amount of interest = © 3200 2+ O.1x-+ 2800 —0.08x = 3200 = 0.02x = 400 = x= 20000‘Thus, € 20000 invested in bond X and® 35000 -¥ 20000 = 15000 invested in bond ¥. (iv) (a): AB will give the total amount of interest received on both bonds. (*) (b): Let x invested in bond X, then we have x10 — 500 — x= 5000 100 ‘Thus, amount invested in bond X is ® 5000 and so investment in bond ¥ be € (35000 ~ 5000) = € 30000 Fans. Mats Plates Af4o 50 20 5. (i) (a);Clearly, P=B}25 40 30 C}35 50 40 (ii) (d): Since Qisa 3 x 1 matrix, therefore 25 |Fans Q=| 100] Maths 50 |Plates (iii) (a) : Clearly, total funds collected by each school is given by the matrix 40 50 20] 25 PQ=|25 40 30}} 100 35 50 40 1000 +5000 + 1000 =| 625+ 4000+1500 |=| 6125 875 +5000+2000 | [7875 Funds collected by school A is ©7000 Funds collected by school B is ® 6125 Funds collected by school Cis 7875 iv) (b) (v)_(b):'Total funds collected for the required purpose = (7000 + 6125 + 7875) = 21000 6. Combined sales in September and October for each farmer in each variety is given by Urad = Masoor Mung 15000 30000 36000] Shyam 70000 40000 20000} Balwan Singh () (©) :Combined sales of Masoor in September and October for farmer Balwan Singh = € 40000 (ii) (d) : Combined sales of Urad in September and October for farmer Shyam = @ 15000 (iii) (a) : Change in sales from September to October is, given by 7000 aro-| Urad = Masoor Mung ‘A~p=| 5000 10000 24000} Shyam 7 30000 20000 0 | Balwan Singh =. Decrease in sales of Mung from September to October for farmer Shyam = 24000. (iv) (b) : Required profit is given by 2% of B= 2 xB=002B 100 Urad = Masoor Mung =0.02{ 5090 10.000 6.000 } Shyam ~~ “[20,000 10,000 10,000] Balwan Singh Urad Masoor Mung _[100 200120] Shyam ~ {400 200-200} Balwan Singh ‘Thus, in October Shyam receives 2 100, % 200 and % 120 as profit in the sale of each variety of pulses, respectively and Balwan Singh receives a profit of % 400, 2 200 and 2 200 in the sale of each variety of pulses respectively. ©) @ 7. Let bethe 2 x 3 matrix representing the annual sales of products in two markets. x y z Az 10000 2000-18000] Market I ~ [6000 20000 8000 }Market I Let B be the column matrix representing the sale price of each unit of products x, y, Now, revenue = sale price x number of items sold. _f10000 2000 18000 Q =[,6000 20000 8000 |"; 25000 + 3000+ 18000 |_| 46000 ~ [15000 +30000 +8000 } “| 53000, ‘Therefore, the revenue collected from Market I = % 46000 and the revenue collected from Market II = € 53000, OM © Wb) (iii) (4); Let C be the column matrix representing cost price of each unit of products x, y, z. a ‘Total cost in each market is given by 10000 2000 18000)| 7 6000 20000 8000 |] .'. 20000+2000+9000 12000+20000 +4000 ‘Then, AC= 31000 36000‘Now, Profit matrix = Revenue matrix - Cost matrix -46000]_[31000]_[15000 = [Rak [uae [ 7000. ‘Therefore, the gross profit from both the markets =2 15000 +2 17000 =2 32000 (iv) (a) : We have, A= ip 4] 0 fo Wp o w[! al oH iF (¥) (a): Wehave, (AB’—RA’y = (BYA’— (A) B = BA’ - AB ~~(AB—BA’) ‘Thus, AB’ - BA’is a skew-symmetric matrix. -apel2 APS 2 & waran-fe [5 3] _fuo-7 4-4]_[3 0 “|15+28 +16} [43° 22: (ii) (¢) (iii) (b) : We have, CD- AB= 0 2 s|fa b] [3 o]_fo o ~ [; all: tHe ale al 2a+5e 2b+5d| [3 O]_fo 0 [etx esi Flas al al 2a+Se-3 245d | _[O 0 > [ec 3b+8d—22 =f a By equality of matrices, we get 2a + 5c-3=0 3a + 8c-43=0 2b +5d=0 3b + 8d-22=0 Solving (i) and (ii), we get a= —191, c= 77 (iv) (©) : Solving (iii) and (iv), we get b- 110, d=44 5 2] [-191 -110 (v) (d): We have, aeo-[; a 7 a | _[-186 —108 =[s4 48 9. (W) (a): Let F be the matrix representing the number of family members and R be the m: representing the requirement of calories and proteins for each person. Then Men Women Children pe Family A [ 4 4 4 ] FamilyB | 2 2 2 Calories Proteins ‘Man 2400 45 R= Woman 1900 55 Children | 1800 3 (i) (b): The requirement of calories and proteins for each of the two families is given by the product matrix FR. 4 me{ 4 f][rsoo 3s “|2 22 1800 33 _ [4(2400+ 1900 + 1900) 4(45 +55 +33) =|2(2400 + 190041800) 2(45+55 +33) Calories Proteins ppa{2i400 532] Family A “12200 266} Family B (aid) (©) (iv) (Q: Since, AB=B i) A+B =AA+BB = A(BA) + B(AB) -() and BA=A [using (i) and (ii)] = (AB)A + (BA)B [Associative law] =BA+AB {using (i) and (ii)] =A+B 0) @A= (mus B= (CPncp C= pg BC= nxn preg (BOA = dy)y cg Gym cn Hence, (BC)A is possible only when m = q 10. (i) (a):Number of items purchased by shopkeepers A, Band C can be written in matrix form as Notebooks pens pencils 144 60 72]A x=] 120 2 s4)B 132 156 96Jc 40] Note book (iW) (b): Since, y =|12] Pen 3 | Pencil 144 60 72) [40 X¥=|120 72 84] |12 132 156 96} | 3 5760+720+216 | [6696 =| 4800+864+252 |=|5916 5280+1872+288| [7440 (ii) (€) : Bill of A Is & 6695. (iv) (Q:(A+D?=A7+2A+1=3A41 = (+I =GA+D (A+) 3A? +4A41=7A+1 (A+ IP-7A=1 (x) (d):A?- BP =(A—B)(A+B)=A?+ AB-BA- BP * AB=BA.