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Remote Sensing 91 terms by jdrewisch

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Scatter

Remote Sensing the scanning of the earth by satellite or

high-flying aircraft in order to obtain
information about it.

Standard Untit Kilo (1000), Mega (1,000,000), Giga

(1,000,000,000)

Algorithm A set of steps to solve a problem

Vector Data Point, Line, Area data

Raster Data Pixel Data

The Electromagnetic Spectrum The range of all possible frequencies of

electromagnetic radiation

Visible Spectrum Red, Blue, Green. .4-.7 microns

Red 0.6-0.7 microns

Green 0.5-0.6 microns

Blue 0.4-0.5 microns

Ultraviolet 0.1-0.4 microns

Near Infrared 0.7-1.3 microns

Middle Infrared 1.3-3.0 microns

Thermal IR 3.0-5.0 microns AND 8.0-14.0 microns

Microwaves 1mm - 1 meter

Radio waves UHF, VHF, radio (HF), LF, ULF

Phototypes ...

Panchromatic sensitive to ultraviolet, blue, green, and

red light to ~0.7 microns

Orthochromatic Emulsion Sensitive to blue and green to ~0.6

microns
Near Infrared Emulsions Sensitive to blue, green, red, and near-IR
to ~0.9 microns

Panchromatic Film most used, produces gray tones

recognized by humans

Black and White Infrared Water shows up black, healthy vegetation

bright white (it reflects 40-70% IR light)

Normal Color Film Records 0.4-0.7 microns (Blue, Green,

Red)
Depicts terrain in same hues as we see it.

Color Infrared Sensitive from 0.35-0.9 microns.

Ultraviolet, Blue, Green, Red, Infrared
"Color Balance Shift" (not how we
perceive world)

Flight Lines Line of flight of a plane taking aerial

photos

Nadir Line Directly under flight lines, The "trace line"

of the ground directly beneath the
aircraft while taking photographs

Endlap Each vertical aerial photograph overlaps

the next by ~60% (stereoscopic overlap)

Sidelap Flightlines are usually overlapped by 20-

30%

Stereoscope An optical device for viewing

stereoscopic photographs

Vertical Airphoto Taken straight down. Usually used in

photogrammetry.

Oblique Airphoto Taken from a side angle. High oblique

and Low oblique

High-oblique Oblique image showing horizon

Low-oblique Oblique image not showing herizon

USGS United States Geological Survey

NASA National Aeronautics and Space

Administration. Responsible for aviation
and spaceflight.

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration, records ocean and
weather data

Photogrammetry making maps using aerial photos, science

of measuring geometry from images
Image Representation of an object. Includes
photographs, but not limited (remote
sensors do not take photographs)

Pixel Short for picture element. A pixel is the

smallest logical unit of visual information
that can be used to build an image.

Spectral Resolution The number of spectral bands (as in

electromagnetic spectrum) in which the
sensor can collect reflected radiance.

Spatial Resolution the ability of a sensor to render a clearly

defined image or the smallest object that
can be seen by a sensor.

Radiometric Resolution The sensitivity of a sensor to differences

in signal strength. Expressed in 'bits'.
Higher resolution increases the
probability that differences in wavelength
will be sensed accurately.

Temporal Resolution How often a sensor records imagery of a

particular area

IKONOS 1st privately launched commercial

satellite, 1999

IKONOS: Sensor IKONOS has 1m Panchromatic, 4m

Multispectral sensor

IKONOS: Spectral Resolution IKONOS has 5 bands (pan, blue, green,

red, near IR)

IKONOS: Spatial Resolution IKONOS has 1m pan and 4m MS spatial

resolution

IKONOS: Temporal Resolution IKONOS has a repeat time of 3-5 days

off-nadir

QuickBird QuickBird was launched by EarthWatch in

2001.

QuickBird: Sensor QuickBird has 0.6m Panchromatic, 2.4 MS

sensor

QuickBird: Spectral Resolution QuickBird has 5 bands (pan, blue, green,

red, IR)

QuickBird: Spatial Resolution QuickBird has 0.6m Pan, 2.4m MS spatial

resolution

Geoeye Geoeye-1 was launched by Geoeye in

2008.
Geoeye: Sensor Geoeye has .4m Pan, 1.6 MS sensor

Geoeye: Spectral Resolution Geoeye has 5 bands (pan, blue, green,

red, IR)

Geoeye: Spatial Resolution Geoeye has 0.4, Pan, 1.6 MSS spatial
resolution

Geoeye: Temporal Resolution Geoeye has a repeat time of 3 days

QuickBird: Temporal Resolution QuickBird has a repeat time of 5 days

Landsat 1,2,3 Landsat 1,2, and 3 were launched in 1972

MSS

Landsat 1,2,3: Spectral Resolution Landsat 1,2, and 3 have 5 bands (Green,
Red, IR, IR, Thermal) (MSS)

Landsat 1,2,3: Spatial Resolution Landsat 1,2,3 have a 80m spatial

resolution (240m for band 8)

Landsat 1,2,3: Temporal Resolution Landsat 1,2,3 have a repeat time of 18

days

Landsat 4,5 Landsat 4,5 were launched in 1982 and

1984
TM

Landsat 4,5: Spectral Resolution Landsat 4,5 have 7 bands (blue, green,
red, Near IR, Mid IR, Mid IR, and Thermal)
(Thematic Mapper TM)

Landsat 4,5: Spatial Resolution Landsat 4,5 have a 30m resolution for
bands 1-5 and 7 and 120m resolution for
band 6 (Thermal)

Landsat 4,5: Temporal Resolution Landsat 4,5 have a repeat time of 16 days

Landsat 7 Landsat 7 was launched in 1999

ETM+

Landsat 7: Spectral Resolution Landsat 7 has 8 bands (Pan, blue, green,

red, near IR, mid IR, mid IR, and Thermal)
(Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus 'ETM+')

Landsat 7: Spatial Resolution Landsat 7 has a 15m resolution in the

Panchromatic, 30mm resolution in the MS,
and 60m resolution in the Thermal

Landsat 7: Temporal Resolution Landsat 7 has a repeat time of 16 days

SPOT SPOT-7 is the most recent of the french

satellites. Not yet in orbit

SPOT: Spectral Resolution SPOT-7 will have 5 bands (Pan, Blue,

Green, Red, near IR)
SPOT: Spatial Resolution SPOT-7 will have a 1.5m Pan and 'Color
Merge' resolution and 8m MS

GOES "Geostationary Operational Environment

Satellite"
GOES 8-10 have 5 band spectral
resolution, used for Earth surface
temperatures and atmospheric conditions.

NOAA AVHRR "Advanced Very High Resolution

Radiometer"
On NOAA-15 to 18

NOAA AVHRR: Spectral Resolution AVHRR has 5 bands. Provides regional

information on vegetation, condition and
sea-surface temperature

AVHRR: Spatial Resolution AVHRR has a spatial resolution of 1.1km

AVHRR: Temporal Resolution AVHRR has a temporal resolution of 2

time per day

GOES Imager: Spectral Resolution GOES 8-10 have 5 band spectral

resolution

GOES Imager: Temporal Resolution GOES Imager has a repeat time of ~15
minutes

GOES Imager: Spatial Resolution GOES Imager has an 8km spatial

resolution

EOS "Earth Observational Satellite"

Two satellites (AM, PM)
Instruments to replace NOAA
MODIS and ASTER sensors

EOS: MODIS "MODerate resolution Imaging

Spectrometer"
Sensor on EOS satellites.

MODIS: Spectral Resolution The MODIS sensor has a 36 band spectral

resolution

MODIS: Spatial Resolution MODIS has a 250m, 500m, or 1000m

variable spatial resolution for visible/IR

MODIS: Temporal Resolution MODIS has an individual satellite repeat

time of 2 days.
The different satellites combine create 1
day repeat time.

EOS: ASTER "Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission

and Reflection Radiometer"
Sensor on EOS satellites
ASTER: Spectral Resolution ASTER has a 14 band spectral resolution
(3 visible/IR, 3 SWIR, 5 TIR)
Geological applications.

ASTER: Spatial Resolution ASTER has a spatial resolution of 15m in

the visible, 30m in the SWIR, and 90m in
the TIR

ASTER: Temporal Resolution ASTER is an on-demand sensor

Ways to Download Remote Sensing Data Geoeye

GloVis (USGS)
Earth Explorer (USGS)
MODIS website
Global Land Cover Facility
EROS/USGS Seamless Explorer