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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SELF-LEARNING MODULE

ALL TRACKS 12

Introduction to Philosophy of the

Human Person
Quarter 1
SELF LEARNING MODULE 2
Week 2
F2 ROYLAN HOPE C. PETILUNA.
Subject Teacher
09663557331
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Subject: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Date Submitted: ______________________________________ Score: _________________________

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

1. Distinguish opinion from truth

2. Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth
3. Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of philosophizing
 OUR LADY OF TRIUMPH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Purok Tugas, Balangasan Dist., Pagadian City, Philippines
Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SELF-LEARNING MODULE

Methods of Philosophy
Introduction:

Philosophizing is the act of doing reflection and analysis for the purpose of developing a
certain philosophy in life. Philosophizing is done in order to determine what is right and true. As
we continue to interact with our surroundings, we are always exposed to different partial points
of view that could affect the development of our holistic perspective. It is the goal of the methods
of philosophy to identify which partial points of view are correct, true, and acceptable.
There are three ways/methods of philosophizing.
1. Philosophy as Speculation/Speculative Thinking
 allows you to see the bigger picture and observe the realities of life at a bigger
scope
 happens when a person detaches him/herself from the world and other people
and focus on an objective or unbiased understanding of life
 An example for this is when a person randomly thinks about a certain event in
the past where he had a fist-fight with one of his best friends when he was still
in elementary. After seeing, reflecting, and analyzing that random memory he
then developed a moral philosophy that having a fight with other people is bad
and should be avoided as it can ruin relationships.
Other examples may include:
 A psychologist is trying to dig deeper into the story of his patient who only
mentions vague and general ideas.

 A lawyer is asking further questions about the suspect’s whereabouts during

the crime because she is not entirely convinced by his alibi.

 A mother is questioning her son’s real reason for his excessive absences from
school.
2. Philosophy as Critical Thinking/Analysis
 In philosophizing, critical thinking is used to analyze different ideas, things,
concerns, and realities.
 This is done to verify the things introduced to people and get a more reliable and
valid understanding of reality.
3. Philosophy as Reflective Inquiry
 involves the use of Reflective thinking or a “meaning-making” process of
generating new knowledge out from logically connecting insights from different
experiences
 Inquiry involves the proper and careful investigation of the insights from the
experiences
The methods of Philosophy are meant to help a person discover what is true. In this case,
it is important for a person to have an understanding of the nature of truth or when can we say
that something is true. There are three theories of how we can validate something as true.
1. Correspondence Theory of Truth – states that the key to truth is to identify if the
proposition really does exist (can be found) in the world.
Example: There is a chapel inside the OLT-Pagadian Campus
Proof (its existence in the world):
there is such a thing as a chapel
there is a place called OLT-Pagadian Campus
a chapel can literally be found inside the OLT-Pagadian Campus

2. Coherence Theory of Truth – any proposition can be considered as true if it is

coherent with (agrees with) other existing propositions.
Example 1: “Love conquers all”
To prove the proposition above, it must cohere (agree) with other existing propositions
Proof: Love conquers all (Proposition A) = Love is the most powerful force (Prop B)
The given proposition (Proposition A) is true because it coheres with Proposition B
 OUR LADY OF TRIUMPH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Purok Tugas, Balangasan Dist., Pagadian City, Philippines
Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SELF-LEARNING MODULE

Example 2: ½ (6) + 10
To prove that there is an equation like ½(10) +3, it must cohere with another equation
or integer.
Proof: ½ (6) + 10 (Proposition A) = 13 (Proposition B)
½ (6) +10 = 13
3 +10 = 13
13 = 13

3. Pragmatic Theory of Truth – any proposition is true if it is proven to be effective or

successful.
Example: Paracetamol is the medicine for fever
Proof: If Paracetamol really does relieve fever in people, then it is true.

Coexistent with finding the truth, it is also important to note that people are entitled with
the capacity to believe in something (adhere to something) even if the truthfulness of such belief
is yet to be proven. These beliefs are what we call as opinions. Opinions are propositions that
are held by a particular person, whether these propositions may be personally thought by the
person him/herself, or told to them by other sources, which may or may not be true.
Example: Martin argues that Martial Law should be imposed during this time of
pandemic
This is an example of an opinion because this shows what Martin firmly believes, but it
does not necessarily mean that Martin’s belief is the right thing to do in this time of
pandemic.

Opinion, Fact, and Truth

In using the Socratic method, it is important to analyze expressions and statements that show
the differences of opinion, fact, and truth.
Opinion
An opinion is an expression of one’s feelings based on facts, emotions, beliefs, or
views. It is not based on evidence.
Examples:
o Filipinos are the most resilient and hospitable people in the world.
o Manny Pacquiao is the best Filipino boxer.

Fact
A fact is a statement that can be checked and backed up with evidence. It is often
used in conjunction with research and study.
Examples:
o Based on the Miss World Organization records, Megan Young was the first
Filipina to be crowned as Miss World. She won the title in 2013 in Bali,
Indonesia.

o According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the country's total

population is 92,337,852. It is based on the recent May 2010 census.
Truth
A truth is something that has actual and proven existence scientifically and
spiritually regardless of one’s opinion and beliefs. It is undisputed, objective, universal,
constant, exact, and factual.
Examples:
o All things that can be seen are temporal. (undisputed)

o Two plus two equals four (2 + 2 = 4). (exact)

o The Philippines, as proven in geographical and anthropological properties, is

a country in Southeast Asia. (factual)
 OUR LADY OF TRIUMPH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Purok Tugas, Balangasan Dist., Pagadian City, Philippines
Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SELF-LEARNING MODULE

General Instructions:
Always read and follow the instructions for every exercise carefully. Write your answers in
the blank spaces provided.
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Exercise 1

Directions: Using your knowledge of the methods of philosophy, identify if the following partial
points of view is an opinion or a fact. Write O if it is an opinion and T if it is a True. (1 pt. each)

_______1. Robert thinks that all Americans are white.

_______2. Martin believes that finding a vaccine for the CoViD 19 will take more than just two years
_______3. The Philippines celebrates its independence day on every 12th of June.
_______4. Alvin thinks that it’s best to suspend classes for this year because of the high health
threat
_______5. The news last night reported that a lot of celebrities have shared some help to those highly
affected by the pandemic.
_______6. Marcus told Rica not to go out of the house because viruses might just be lurking outside.
_______7. Tokyo is the capital city of Japan,
_______8. Rolly believes that the government should focus on more ways to solve the pandemic.
_______9. Lovely disagrees with her classmates in saying that the Earth is flat.
_______10. The CoViD19 outbreak started from Wuhan, China.
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Exercise 2

Directions: Give time for yourself alone in a calm and quiet place, enjoy your personal moment and
feel the wind and calmness of the place. Reflect on the opinions cited below and answer the
questions that follow each opinion. (5 pts. per article or situation, for a total of 15 pts.)
 OUR LADY OF TRIUMPH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Purok Tugas, Balangasan Dist., Pagadian City, Philippines
Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SELF-LEARNING MODULE

Article No. 1 (Opinion)

Social Media: Its Boon and Bane Side
Social media may have been the biggest trend in modern day generation. Almost all people.
That is with access to computers and the internet engage with this platform and it has affected
our lives in a number of ways. Honestly, I think this is now a necessity especially in this time of
pandemic where we social beings need to preserve our need for social communication and
interaction even amidst this pandemic.
Social media has brought tons of people together and has made our world a lot smaller. It
introduced us new forms of entertainment such as following our beloved celebrities, mobile
games like Mobile Legends, watching Memes and funny videos of people all over the globe. Aside
from entertainment, it has also managed to make our businesses and work transactions a lot
more efficient. These are just some of the great contributions of social media that has lightened
up our day. However, Social media has also disrupted some of our essential values and practices
in life. While social media has brought us closer to people from a far distance, it has also silenced
our relationship with those who are just near us like our families, friends, and even pets. Social
media has also became a common distraction for teenage students as they spend more time
going through their accounts instead of flipping the pages of the books from school. Lastly, social
media has also opened up new opportunities for crime as more bad people take advantage of
other people’s interest and reliance to internet technology.
These are just some of the many effects of social media and I anticipate that as technology
continues to develop, more effects would most likely add up. While this may be the case today, I
can’t completely say that social media is all good or bad to society, but that we need to be more
aware and vigilant about it. Let us not get overwhelmed by the great things that it gives us but
also try to look at how we are constantly shaped by this and how are we going make sure that it
does not put our lives in danger.
Questions:

1. What is the article all about?

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2. Using Speculative Method of Philosophy, what are the questions that you are going to
ask the author of the article to get a bigger view of the claim of the author in the article?
Give and discuss at least two questions.
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 OUR LADY OF TRIUMPH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Purok Tugas, Balangasan Dist., Pagadian City, Philippines
Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SELF-LEARNING MODULE
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Situation No. 2

While waiting for your teacher, you overhear your two classmates debating on which part of the
day is better for studying for an exam. One of them said that she prefers to study at night
because it is quiet, while the other stated that he likes to study in the morning because it is when
he feels most active. After an exchange of factual knowledge about their study habits, your
classmates both agreed that studying during the morning is better than studying at night.

Questions:

1. How did your two classmates come up with that conclusion?

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2. Using your knowledge of Critical Thinking/Analysis, is their conclusion correct?

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Situation No. 3
In your science class, you already know that when salt and sugar are dissolved in water, they
form a homogeneous solution. Now you want to know if a mixture of sand and water would
produce the same type of solution.

Questions
1. What is the best way for you to get an answer for your question? Discuss your answer.
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2. How did your knowledge of the salt and water solution help you in finding the answer to
your present question?
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 OUR LADY OF TRIUMPH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Purok Tugas, Balangasan Dist., Pagadian City, Philippines
Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SELF-LEARNING MODULE

------Scoring Rubric------
Criteria
Points
Content Comprehensiveness Clarity
5 Answer(s) are highly Discussions are highly Has very good sentence
relevant to the question specific and connected to construction and does not
asked the question provide any vague
statements.
4 Answer(s) are highly Discussion are specific but Has a good sentence
relevant to the question contains some points of construction with little
asked vagueness grammatical mishaps and
vague statements
3 Most points in the The connection between the Has a good sentence
discussion of the answers question and the construction with little
are relevant to what is discussion of answer is grammatical mishaps and
asked unclear vague statements
2 Most points in the The connection between the Sentence construction has a
discussion of the answers question and the moderate number of
are not relevant to what is discussion of answer is grammatical mishaps and
asked unclear ague statements
1 The answer is not related The connection between the Poor sentence construction
to what is asked question and the and no idea can be easily
discussion of answer is understood.
unclear
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Exercise 3

Directions: Reflect on the questions below and answer them to the best of your ability. Write your
answers on the space provided below every question. . (5 pts. per question, for a total of 15 pts.)

1. How can your knowledge of Speculation help you in searching for the truth?

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2. How can your knowledge of Critical Thinking/Analysis help you in searching for the truth?

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3. How can your knowledge of Reflective Inquiry help you in searching for the truth?

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 OUR LADY OF TRIUMPH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Purok Tugas, Balangasan Dist., Pagadian City, Philippines
Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SELF-LEARNING MODULE
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
------Scoring Rubric------
Criteria
Points
Content Comprehensiveness Clarity
5 Answer(s) are highly Discussions are highly Has very good sentence
relevant to the question specific and connected to construction and does not
asked the question provide any vague
statements.
4 Answer(s) are highly Discussion are specific but Has a good sentence
relevant to the question contains some points of construction with little
asked vagueness grammatical mishaps and
vague statements
3 Most points in the The connection between the Has a good sentence
discussion of the answers question and the construction with little
are relevant to what is discussion of answer is grammatical mishaps and
asked unclear vague statements
2 Most points in the The connection between the Sentence construction has a
discussion of the answers question and the moderate number of
are not relevant to what is discussion of answer is grammatical mishaps and
asked unclear ague statements
1 The answer is not related The connection between the Poor sentence construction
to what is asked question and the and no idea can be easily
discussion of answer is understood.
unclear

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Reflection

What did you learn most from this topic? Discuss your learnings/insights comprehensively.

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References
Caraan, A., M. (2016) DIWA Senior high school series: introduction to philosophy of the
human person. Philippines. DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC. pp. 2-14
Quipper (Philippines). (2020) Philosophy: doing Philosophy and methods of philosophizing,
introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Quipper (Philippines)
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