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Exercise Number1

This document provides information on plant disease diagnosis through symptomatology. It discusses how symptoms are exhibited by the pathological condition of the plant, while signs indicate the presence of the pathogen. Symptoms are classified as localized or systemic, morphological or histological, and primary or secondary. Morphological symptoms are further divided into necrotic, hypoplastic, and hyperplastic types. The objectives are for students to identify plant diseases and classify common symptom types. The procedure involves collecting plant samples, examining and classifying symptoms, drawing or photographing them, and submitting a worksheet online.

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Jessa Millen Ocon
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
110 views

Exercise Number1

This document provides information on plant disease diagnosis through symptomatology. It discusses how symptoms are exhibited by the pathological condition of the plant, while signs indicate the presence of the pathogen. Symptoms are classified as localized or systemic, morphological or histological, and primary or secondary. Morphological symptoms are further divided into necrotic, hypoplastic, and hyperplastic types. The objectives are for students to identify plant diseases and classify common symptom types. The procedure involves collecting plant samples, examining and classifying symptoms, drawing or photographing them, and submitting a worksheet online.

Uploaded by

Jessa Millen Ocon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CPRT 41 (Principles of Crop Protection)

Laboratory Exercise No. 1

PLANT DISEASE DIAGNOSIS: Symptomatology of Plant Diseases

INTRODUCTION

Plant disease diagnosis is process of identifying plant diseases through


symptoms and signs. Symptoms are exhibited as the pathological condition of the plant
while signs are structures indicating the presence of the pathogen or causal agent on the
infected plant or plant part.

Symptoms are generally characterized based on their nature, as classified below:

1. Localized (lesional) or systemic (habitual)


＊Localized - confined to definite areas, e.g. spots, blights, etc.
＊Systemic - expressed by the whole plant, e.g. yellowing, stunting,
wilting, etc.

a b

Figure 1. Anthracnose of sweet pepper, a localized symptom (a) and


downy mildew of corn, a systemic symptom

2. Morphological or Histological
＊Morphological - symptoms which could be easily distinguished with the
unaided eyes
＊Histological - symptoms expressed in inner parts of plant tissues and are
distinguished with the aid of a microscope

a b

Figure 2. Blight on peanut leaves as a morphological symptom (a) and


enlargement of cabbage root cells due to pathogen infection
as histological symptom (b)

2. Primary or Secondary
＊Primary - symptoms are expressed as a result of a direct activity of the
pathogen
＊Secondary - symptoms expressed at distant tissues as a result of
primary symptoms
b

Source:https://kungahara.com/2019/05/09/damping-off-on-vegetables/

Figure 3. Seedling damping off on pepper: (a) root rotting as the primary
symptom and (b) wilting of the above ground parts as secondary
symptom

Morphological symptoms are further classified into three types:

A. Necrotic - characterized by death of cells, tissues or organs, e.g. spots,


blight, canker, etc.
B. Hypoplastic - characterized by underdevelopment of some aspects of
plant growth
C. Hyperplastic - characterized by overdevelopment of tissues, organs or the
entire plant, e.g. galls, witches’ broom, hairy roots, etc.

a b
c

Figure 4. Fruit rot on mango (a), a necrotic symptom; witches’ broom on cassava (b),
a hypoplastic symptom and corn smut (c), a hyperplastic symptom

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the exercise, the students are expected to:

1. Identify plant diseases; and


2. Classify common symptoms of plant diseases

MATERIALS
Ten samples of infected plant or plant parts
Pencil
Bond paper or drawing book
Crayons, color pens or watercolor
Camera
PROCEDURE

1. Collect 10 specimens of plant or plant part suspected to have diseases. You may refer
to the examples mentioned and photos shown above.
2. Examine and classify the different symptoms of plant diseases.
3. Draw or take actual pictures of the symptom(s) on the different samples.
4. Fill out the worksheet and submit this online through the google classroom.

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