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Lower Limb Lab Sheet

This document provides instructions for a lab on the lower limb skeleton, joints, and muscles. The goals are to learn the individual bones of the lower limb, identify structures like processes and tuberosities, learn the joints and their movements, and identify the major muscles and nerves. Materials include articulated and disarticulated skeletons, isolated bones, and a cadaver. Students are instructed to observe and identify all structures listed for the hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. They also study the hip, knee, ankle, and foot joints and their motions. Finally, students learn the lumbar/sacral plexus and major muscles of the hip,

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Kelly Trainor
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244 views

Lower Limb Lab Sheet

This document provides instructions for a lab on the lower limb skeleton, joints, and muscles. The goals are to learn the individual bones of the lower limb, identify structures like processes and tuberosities, learn the joints and their movements, and identify the major muscles and nerves. Materials include articulated and disarticulated skeletons, isolated bones, and a cadaver. Students are instructed to observe and identify all structures listed for the hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. They also study the hip, knee, ankle, and foot joints and their motions. Finally, students learn the lumbar/sacral plexus and major muscles of the hip,

Uploaded by

Kelly Trainor
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIO 201  

Lower Limb Skeleton, Joints and Muscles Lab Sheet 
 
Materials 
 Articulated human skeleton—focus on lower limb 
 Articulated lower limb (also available in library 
 Individual lower limb bones (also available in library) 
 Dissected Human Cadaver 
 
Goals for this activity: 
 Learn anatomy of individual lower limb bones.  Focus on the parts and processes of bones that  form 
articulations and muscle attachments.   
 Learn joints of lower limb and their movements 
 
What to do 
Observe articulated lower limb, articulated human skeleton and isolated lower limb bones.  Be able to identify all 
structures on this lab sheet.  For each structure, find where it is located on the bone and what purpose it serves—for 
example, does it form part of a joint, or is there a particular muscle that attaches to it? 
 
Bones of the Lower Limb 
Hip Bone/Ox Coxae/Innominate/Pelvic Girdle 
 Sacrum 
 Ilium 
 Iliac Crest 
 ASIS (anterior superior iliac 
spine) 
 Ischium 
 Ischial tuberosity 
 Pubis 
 Pubic symphysis 
 Acetabulum 
 Greater sciatic notch 
 Lesser sciatic notch 
 Greater/False Pelvis 
 Lesser/True Pelvis 
 Pelvic Inlet 
 Pelvic Outlet 
 Ischio‐pubic ramus 
 Obturator foramen 
 
Femur 
 Head   Lateral condyle 
 Neck   Intercondylar fossa 
 Greater trochanter   Medial epicondyle 
 Lesser trochanter   Lateral epicondyle 
 Medial condyle   Patellar surface 

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Tibia 
 Tibial plateau 
 Intercondylar eminence 
 Tibial tuberosity 
 Medial malleolus 
 
Fibula 
 Head 
 Lateral malleolus 
 
Tarsals 
 Talus 
 Calcaneus 
 
Metatarsals, Phalanges 
 
Joints of the Lower Limb 
 
Joints:  Practice and learn movements at each joint. 
 Hip 
 Knee:   
 collateral ligaments (medial, lateral) 
 ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) 
 PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) 
 meniscus (medial, lateral) 
 Ankle—intertarsal joints 
 Metacarpal‐phalangeal joints 
 Inter‐phalangeal joints (PIP's, DIP's) 
 
Vocabulary for Joint Movement 
 Flexion/Extension 
 Abduction/Adduction 
 Lateral/Medial Rotation 
 Inversion/Eversion (ankle) 
 
 
 

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Muscles and Nerves of the Lower Limb 
 
Lumbar/Sacral Plexus 
 Spinal Nerve Roots 
 Sciatic Nerve (posterior compartment, all 
of distal limb as tibial and fibular nerves) 
 Femoral Nerve (anterior compartment) 
 Obturator Nerve (medial compartment—
groin/adductor muscles) 
 
Hip Muscles 
 Iliopsoas 
 Quadratus lumborus 
 Rectus femoris (part of quads—also 
extends knee) 
 Sartorius 
 Adductors 
 Gluteals—special attention to gluteus 
medius as “pelvic tilt” muscle 
 Lateral rotators—special attention to piriformis 
 
Muscles that move and stabilize the knee 
 Quadriceps 
 Hamstrings 
 Tensor fascia latae 
 
Muscles of the ankle and foot 
 Tibialis anteriorus—dorsiflexor and ankle 
inversion 
 Triceps surae (gastrocnemius with two heads 
and soleus)‐‐plantarflexion and “spring” during 
walking/running gait 
 Fibularis muscles (eversion) 
 Digital extensors 
 Digital flexors 
 Intrinsics of foot (four layers of muscles—just 
know they are there and their importance) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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