z [m] measurements h0 = 0m h1 = 0,1m h2 = 0,2m h3 = 0,3m

0.1 33.247 0 9.03 3.17 21.46

0.2 36.251 0 1.50 58.33 379.76
0.3 35.028 0 41.13 333.57 357.16
0.4 28.614 0 140.43 155.88 0.42
0.5 16.764 0 0.40 156.23 150.53
0.6 16.129 0 172.50 166.52 62.93
0.7 29.263 0 0.05 27.05 23.67
0.8 29.033 0 24.72 25.96 28.21
0.9 24.062 0 101.33 0.12 17.17
1.0 34.128 0 108.29 35.09 252.80
1.1 23.722 0 20.10 30.18 45.00
1.2 28.205 0 99.53 4.95 18.92
1.3 18.229 0 148.87 205.24 24.49
1.4 30.430 0 4.52 52.60 40.70
1.5 32.555 0 87.94 72.32 159.54
1.6 23.177 0 0.76 10.59 0.98
1.7 24.050 0 17.03 3.47 4.27
1.8 19.924 0 5.13 38.35 82.74
1.9 22.188 0 15.43 46.68 4.49
2.0 26.116 0 8.43 36.57 53.37
2.1 29.020 0 80.13 104.22 22.38
2.2 20.069 0 1.58 17.82 88.01
2.3 18.811 0 30.01 113.19 32.00
2.4 24.289 0 26.63 0.03 0.79
2.5 29.450 0 24.83 36.57 63.67
2.6 24.468 0 1.13 8.98 35.68
2.7 23.403 0 3.73 49.53 68.74
2.8 21.471 0 80.46 104.51 129.32
2.9 30.441 0 1.57 5.77 16.08
3.0 31.694 0 1.32 27.70 105.10
3.1 32.843 0 41.12 129.98 220.23
3.2 26.430 0 24.89 71.03 25.87
3.3 21.442 0 11.83 0.01 27.99
3.4 18.002 0 11.16 3.43 19.00
3.5 21.344 0 26.96 1.03 23.55
3.6 16.151 0 38.56 100.90 230.23
3.7 22.361 0 14.71 80.35 24.06
3.8 26.196 0 26.30 1.14 83.79
3.9 31.325 31.325 0 16.48 203.98 148.00
4.0 27.266 0 104.51 65.71 30.73
4.1 17.043 0 4.48 21.90 44.52
4.2 19.159 0 6.57 20.75 73.78
4.3 21.722 0 3.97 36.32 10.48
4.4 23.715 0 16.27 27.36 5.14
4.5 27.749 0 85.84 3.13 42.74
4.6 18.484 0 56.20 7.44 157.64
4.7 25.981 0 22.75 25.59 67.41
4.8 21.212 0 96.59 168.47
4.9 31.040 0 9.93
 5.0 34.191 0
mean 25.358
var 30.729
N(h) 50 49 48 47
gamma 0 19.16 30.21 37.51
h (m) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
C*(h)

c(0)-c(h)
h3 = 0,4m h3 = 0,5m cov(h0=0m) cov(h1=0.1m) cov(h2=0.2m) cov(h3=0.3m) cov(h4=0.4m)
271.69 293.03 62.24 85.94 76.29 25.69 -67.80
404.91 48.84 118.67 105.34 35.48 -93.62 -100.53
33.23 35.94 93.51 31.49 -83.10 -89.24 37.77
0.18 20.73 10.60 -27.99 -30.05 12.72 11.97
53.26 301.51 73.85 79.31 -33.56 -31.59 11.14
323.97 57.65 85.17 -36.04 -33.92 11.96 -80.94
30.70 1.12 15.25 14.35 -5.06 34.25 -6.39
0.69 116.74 13.51 -4.76 32.24 -6.01 10.46
34.03 40.55 1.68 -11.37 2.12 -3.69 9.24
13.68 2.48 76.92 -14.35 24.97 -62.53 44.48
78.02 0.30 2.68 -4.66 11.66 -8.30 -11.77
25.28 17.26 8.11 -20.30 14.44 20.49 -6.21
33.89 2.87 50.82 -36.16 -51.31 15.54 9.32
110.38 67.93 25.73 36.50 -11.06 -6.63 -27.56
107.47 41.46 51.80 -15.69 -9.41 -39.11 -22.81
8.64 34.14 4.75 2.85 11.85 6.91 -1.65
24.70 15.85 1.71 7.10 4.14 -0.99 -4.79
0.02 1.24 29.53 17.23 -4.12 -19.90 28.74
11.40 4.42 10.05 -2.40 -11.61 16.77 20.75
3.34 11.12 0.58 2.78 -4.01 -4.97 -0.81
0.19 20.72 13.41 -19.37 -23.98 -3.91 14.99
19.35 11.12 27.97 34.63 5.65 -21.64 4.71
21.09 7.07 42.86 6.99 -26.79 5.83 12.80
7.95 37.84 1.14 -4.37 0.95 2.09 4.15
0.98 5.03 16.75 -3.64 -8.00 -15.91 20.80
52.21 70.14 0.79 1.74 3.46 -4.52 -5.64
89.11 9.17 3.82 7.60 -9.94 -12.39 -14.63
24.60 0.00 15.11 -19.76 -24.63 -29.09 -4.17
80.99 154.72 25.84 32.21 38.05 5.45 -19.91
187.45 107.12 40.14 47.42 6.80 -24.81 -46.60
132.23 278.60 56.02 8.03 -29.31 -55.05 -30.04
105.66 16.56 1.15 -4.20 -7.89 -4.31 -9.88
0.84 22.61 15.34 28.80 15.72 36.05 11.74
67.14 177.49 54.10 29.52 67.72 22.04 -6.17
99.62 35.07 16.11 36.95 12.03 -3.37 -23.95
123.53 0.79 84.76 27.59 -7.72 -54.93 -17.57
28.28 10.25 8.98 -2.51 -17.88 -5.72 24.92
49.52 20.02 0.70 5.00 1.60 -6.97 -5.20
92.21 57.91 35.61 11.39 -49.62 -36.99 -21.69
12.61 0.23 3.64 -15.87 -11.83 -6.94 -3.13
114.63 2.08 69.14 51.54 30.23 13.66 -19.89
0.46 46.54 38.42 22.53 10.18 -14.82 42.60
18.14 0.26 13.22 5.97 -8.69 24.99 -2.27
6.27 53.65 2.70 -3.93 11.29 -1.02 6.81
10.83 41.50 5.72 -16.44 1.49 -9.92 13.59
246.71 47.24 -4.29 28.50 -39.05 -60.72
0.39 -2.59 3.54 5.51
17.19 -23.56 -36.63
32.28 50.19
 78.03

46 45 50.00 49 48 47 46
34.37 25.57
0.4 0.5
30.1148335 10.138525491 -1.8692798545 -9.7443055958 -6.1247489485

0 19.97630801 31.984113355 39.859139097 36.239582449

cov(h5=0.5m)
-72.81
42.54
35.54
measurements
-4.22 40.000
-75.37 35.000
15.10
11.12 30.000
-26.20 25.000
-6.57 20.000 measurement
63.12 s
15.000
3.57
-3.72 10.000
38.74 5.000
-16.08
0.000
5.46
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
-7.99
6.91
35.58
3.39 Calculate the experimental variogram according to the formula below.
3.10 N(h) is the number of pairs of points within the distance of h.
-3.26 The sum is over all pairs of points within the disctance of h.
10.34
25.45
 *  h 
1
  Z  ui   Z u j  2
-5.43
To visualize the results,  h can
2 Nyou u i  uplot
j  h γ*(h) over h.
25.93
-6.66
-2.10
15.22
-37.39
-25.43 50
-68.91
-3.21 40
-3.28
-43.89 30
-7.66
76.55 20
18.58
-3.05
10
-9.80
4.56
0
57.15 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
-3.86
-10
15.07
-9.33
21.13 -20
 45

1.9535537614

28.161279739
 measurement
s

6.0

ormula below.
of h.
h.

0.4 0.5 0.6

z [m] measurements h1 = 0,m h1 = 0,1m h2 = 0,2m h3 = 0,3m h3 = 0,4m
0.1 33.247
0.2 36.251
0.3 35.028
0.4 28.614
0.5 16.764
0.6 16.129
0.7 29.263
0.8 29.033
0.9 24.062
1.0 34.128
1.1 23.722
1.2 28.205
1.3 18.229
1.4 30.430
1.5 32.555
1.6 23.177
1.7 24.050
1.8 19.924
1.9 22.188
2.0 26.116
2.1 29.020
2.2 20.069
2.3 18.811
2.4 24.289
2.5 29.450
2.6 24.468
2.7 23.403
2.8 21.471
2.9 30.441
3.0 31.694
3.1 32.843
3.2 26.430
3.3 21.442
3.4 18.002
3.5 21.344
3.6 16.151
3.7 22.361
3.8 26.196
3.9 31.325
4.0 27.266
4.1 17.043
4.2 19.159
4.3 21.722
4.4 23.715
4.5 27.749
4.6 18.484
4.7 25.981
4.8 21.212
4.9 31.040
 5.0 34.191
Mean
Var
N(h)
C(h)
h (m) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
C(0)-C(h)
h3 = 0,5m

measurements measurements
40.000
35.000
30.000
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0.000
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.

Covariance Fucntion C(h)

C(0)-C(h)
1

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Calculate the experimental covariance function according to the formula below.

N(h) is the number of pairs of points within the distance of h.
The sum is over all pairs of points within the disctance of h.

  Z  ui   m   Z  u j   m 
1
C *  h 
N  h  ui  u j  h
To visualize the results, you can plot C*(h) over h.
0.5
 measurements

4.0 5.0 6.0

on C(h)
C(0)-C(h)

0.4 0.5 0.6

cording to the formula below.

tance of h.
nce of h.