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Laboratories and Results: Physical Properties

The document discusses diagnostic tests for appendicitis including urinalysis, complete blood count (CBC), abdominal x-ray, and ultrasound. Urinalysis and CBC can detect signs of infection while x-ray and ultrasound can identify an enlarged appendix or abscess. Together these tests provide information to diagnose appendicitis by examining samples of blood, urine and images of the abdomen to determine if inflammation or infection is present.

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Beverly Datu
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53 views5 pages

Laboratories and Results: Physical Properties

The document discusses diagnostic tests for appendicitis including urinalysis, complete blood count (CBC), abdominal x-ray, and ultrasound. Urinalysis and CBC can detect signs of infection while x-ray and ultrasound can identify an enlarged appendix or abscess. Together these tests provide information to diagnose appendicitis by examining samples of blood, urine and images of the abdomen to determine if inflammation or infection is present.

Uploaded by

Beverly Datu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter III

Laboratories and Results

The diagnosis of appendicitis begins with a thorough history and physical


examination. Patients often have an elevated temperature, and there usually will be
moderate to severe tenderness in the right lower abdomen when the doctor pushes there.
If inflammation has spread to the peritoneum, there is frequently rebound tenderness.
Rebound tenderness is pain that is worse when the doctor quickly releases his hand after
gently pressing on the abdomen over the area of tenderness.

Here are the focal findings of the laboratory tests that can be performed:
 Urinalysis

Urinalysis Result

Physical Properties:

Color Dark Yellow


Transparency Slightly Turbid
Reaction Acidic

Specific Gravity (1.010-1.025) 1.010

Chemical Properties:

Sugar Negative

Albumin Trace

Microscopic Examination:

Pus Cells 1-2/hpf


Am.Urates Few
Mucus Threads rare
Hyaline Cast Normal

Table 1. Urinalysis Results


Interpretation:

Urinalysis determines presence of infection, tissue damage, and/or presence of


excessive body elements like albumin, sugar, urates and the likes. The result of the
urinalysis indicates presence of infection or RBC destruction. The Specific Gravity
determines how concentrated the urine is and based on the finding, Sp.Gr. is high and it
signifies that the patient is dehydrated. The presence of albumin indicates the waste
materials from the destruction of cells or tissues. The presence of casts, urates, mucus
threads and pus cells are not normal and may be suggestive of kidney issues.

 Complete Blood Count

Test Normal Values Results Interpretation

Hgb 120.00-140 g/L 121 Normal


WBC 5.00-10.00 x 10 g/L 17 Abnormal, may
indicate infection

RBC 4.50-5.50 x 1012/L 4.67 Normal


Hct 0.37-0.43 vol% 0.40 Normal
Platelet Count 150.00-350.00 x 10 330 Normal
g/L
Segs 0.55-0.65 0.58 Normal

Lymphocytes 0.25-0.35 0.33 Normal


Table 2. CBC Results

Interpretation:

All are normal except for WBC as it is shows increase in number that indicates
presence infection. In early appendicitis, before infection sets in, it can be normal, but most
often there is at least mild elevation even in early. But unfortunately, appendicitis is not
only the condition that causes white blood cells counts.
 Abdominal X-Ray

Figure 1. Presence of Appendicitis

Interpretation:

The abdominal x-ray (figure 1) showed a presence of a calcified appendicolith in the


right lower quadrant, combined with abdominal pain, has a high positive predictive value
for appendicitis. A 00-year-old (fe)male client with (symptoms) A coronal CT reformat on
picture below demonstrate the presence of a RIF appendicolith (arrows). The x-ray
demonstrates the visual imagery of free fluid within abdomen and pelvis and several
dilated loops of small bowel, secondary to ruptured appendicitis with an associated ileus.

 Ultrasound Result
Admitting diagnosis: T/C Appendicitis
Complaint: RLQ Pain
Part Examined: Whole Abdomen Ultrasound
Interpretation:
Liver is in normal size. No focal lesions are noted. Intrahepatic ducts and CBD are
not dilated. Hepatic vessels are normal. Gall bladder is physiologically distended with
normal wall. Pancreas, spleen and left kidney are normal. There is lobulated, well-define,
anechoic focus in superior pole of the right kidney. Urinary bladder and uterus are
remarkable. Bot adnexae are free. No pelvic fluid noted. There is well defined, ovoid
predominantly complex mass in the RLQ measuring 5.9 x 6.1 x 3.9 cm. The hypoechoic
component measures 4.4 x 2.6 x 3.9 cm. Minimal surrounding fluid is present.

Test Purpose
Urinalysis is a microscopic examination of the urine that detects RBC,

WBC and bacteria in the urine. U/A usually is abnormal when there is

inflammation or stones in the appendix which lies near the ureter and
Urinalysis
bladder. However, most patient with appendicitis have a normal

urinalysis but it is taken in case the client has develop urinary tract

infection.
A blood test used to evaluate the health and detect a wide range of
disorders. This test measures several components and features of the
blood including: Red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin,
CBC
hematocrit, the proportion of red blood cells to the fluid component,
or plasma, in the blood and platelets. It is also to check for signs of
infection, such as having a high white blood cell count.
X-ray To serve as a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose
and treat medical conditions. Imaging with x-rays involves exposing a
part of the body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce
pictures of the inside of the body. An abdominal x-ray may detect the
fecalith (the hardened and calcified, pea-sized piece of stool that
blocks the appendiceal opening) that may be the cause of
appendicitis. This is especially true in children.
An ultrasound is a painless procedure that uses sound waves to
identify organs within the body. Ultrasound can identify an enlarged
appendix or an abscess. Nevertheless, during appendicitis, the
appendix can be seen in only 50% of patients. Therefore, not seeing
Ultrasound
the appendix during an ultrasound does not exclude appendicitis.
Ultrasound also is helpful in women because it can exclude the
presence of conditions involving the ovaries, fallopian tubes and
uterus that can mimic appendicitis.

Diagnostic examination:

A diagnostic examination identifies an individual's specific areas of weakness and


strength in order determines a condition, disease or illness. The tests are involved in
acquiring a sample of the blood, the phlegm, urine, and upper body scan. The samples are
then sent away and examined in a laboratory for checking upon the condition. Diagnostic
tests are the ways for the confirmation in presence of illness such as appendicitis. It is the
outcome of determining the health of each individual and identifying other health concerns
or underlying issues for the client.

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