Fundamentals of Mathematics-II

He is unworthy of the name of man who is ignorant of the fact that the diagonal of square is incommensurable with its side .......Plato

Absolute value function / modulus function :

 x if x 0
The symbol of modulus function is f (x) = x and is defined as: y = x  
 x if x 0

          
Properties of modulus : For any a, b  R
(i) |a|  0 (ii) |a| = |–a|
(iii) |a|  a, |a|  –a (iv) |ab| = |a| |b|
a |a|
(v ) = (vi) |a + b|  |a| + |b| ; Equality holds when ab  0
b |b|
(vii) |a – b|  ||a| – |b|| ; Equality holds when ab  0

Example # 1 : Solve the following linear equations

(i) x |x| = 4 (ii) |x – 3| + 2|x + 1| = 4
Solution : (i) x|x| = 4
If x > 0
   x2 = 4  x=±2 
    x = 2 ( x  0)
If x<0  – x2 = 4   x2 = – 4 which is not possible
(ii) |x – 3| + 2|x + 1| = 4

case  : If x  –1
 –(x – 3) – 2(x + 1) = 4
 – x + 3 – 2x – 2 = 4  – 3x + 1 = 4 
     – 3x = 3  x=–1
case  : If – 1 < x  3
 –(x – 3) + 2(x + 1) = 4
 – x + 3 + 2x + 2 = 4  x = – 1 which is not possible
case  : If x > 3
x – 3 + 2(x + 1) = 4
3x – 1 = 4  x = 5/3 which is not possible  x = – 1 Ans.
Rational function :
g(x)
A rational function is a function of the form, y = f (x) = , where g (x) & h (x) are polynomial
h(x)
functions.

Irrational function :
An irrational function is a function y = f(x) in which the operations of addition, substraction,
multiplication, division and raising to a fractional power are used.
x3  x1/ 3
For example y = is an irrational function
2x  x
(a) The equation f(x) = g(x), is equivalent to the following system
f(x) = g2(x) & g(x)  0
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Fundamentals of Mathematics-II

(b) The inequation f(x) < g(x), is equivalent to the following system
f(x) < g2(x)
& f(x)  0 & g(x)  0
(c) The inequation f(x) > g(x), is equivalent to the following system
g(x)  0 & f(x)  0 or g(x)  0 & f(x) > g2(x)

Example # 2 : Solve : x + 2 > 2 1  x 2

Solution : 4(1 – x2) < (x + 2)2 and x+20 & 1 – x2  0
 –4 
x  – ,  (0, ) ...(1)
 5 
x[–2, ) ...(2)
x[–1, 1] ...(3)
(1) (2) (3)
 4
 1,  5   (0, 1]
 

Self Practice Problem :

(1) 2x2  x  6 < x (2) 5x > x + 1
(3) x+3+ x  4x  5 > 0
2
(4) x – 4–x  1
3  4  7 
Ans. (1)  , 2  (2) (–, 1) (3) (–, –1]  [5, ) (4)  , 4
2   2 

Graphs Related to modulus :

If graph of y = f(x) is

then draw graph of

(a) y = – f(x) (b) y = f(–x) (c) y = f(|x|) (d) y = f(–|x|)
(e) y = |f(x)| (f) |y| = f(x) (g) |y| = – f(x)
y

(a) (b) –4 –3
–2 –1 1 2
3
x

–1

y
y

1
1

–3
(c) –4 –3 3 4
x
(d) –2 –1 1 2
3
x
–2 –1 1 2

–1 –1

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Fundamentals of Mathematics-II

(e) –3 –2
x (f)
–1 1 2 3 4

(g)

Graphical Trasformation :

If graph of y = f(x) is
y

(0, 1)

(1, 0)
x
(–2, 0) –1

(0, –2)

then graph of (a) y – k = f(x – h) (b) y = kf(x), (k > 0) (c) y = f(kx), (k > 0)

y
(h, 1 + k)

(–2 + h, k) (1 + h, k)
(h, k)
x
(a)

(h, –2+k)

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Fundamentals of Mathematics-II

(b)

(c)

Example # 3 : y = |x2 + 4x + 3| Solution : –3 –1

Example # 4 : |y–1| = sin x Solution :

–3
Example # 5 : y = –x2 + 4|x| – 3 Solution :

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Fundamentals of Mathematics-II

–3 3
Example # 6 : y = ||x |–3| Solution :

x
Example # 7 : y = sin   Solution : period is 6
3

Example # 8 : y = sin x  3 Solution : Graphical Transformation

Example # 9 : y = |–n |–x|| Solution :

Example # 10 : |y| = x2 – 3x + 2 Solution :

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 xf.kr ds ewyHkwr fl)kUr - II

He is unworthy of the name of man who is ignorant of the fact that the diagonal of square is incommensurable with its side .......Plato

fujis{k eku Qyu@ekikad Qyu (Absolute Value Function / Modulus Function) :

 x ; fn x  0
ekikad Qyu dk izrhd f (x) = x gS rFkk bls y = x  }kjk ifjHkkf"kr djrs gSA 
 x ; fn x  0

    

ekikad Qyu ds xq.k/keZ (Properties of modulus) : a, b  R ds fy,

(i) |a|  0 (ii) |a| = |–a|
(iii) |a|  a, |a|  –a (iv) |ab| = |a| |b|
a |a|
(v) =
b |b|
(vi) |a + b|  |a| + |b| ; lerk lEHko gksxh ;fn ab  0
(vii) |a – b|  ||a| – |b|| ; lerk lEHko gksxh ;fn ab  0
mnkgj.k # 1 :
fuEufyf[kr jsf[kd lehdj.kksa dks gy dhft,A
(i) x |x| = 4 (ii) |x – 3| + 2|x + 1| = 4
gy : (i) x|x| = 4
If x > 0
 x2 = 4  x=±2 ysfdu x = 2 ( x  0)
;fn x<0  – x2 = 4  x = – 4 tks fd laHko ugha gSA
2

(ii) |x – 3| + 2|x + 1| = 4
case  : If x  –1
 –(x – 3) – 2(x + 1) = 4
 – x + 3 – 2x – 2 = 4
 – 3x + 1 = 4  – 3x = 3
 x=–1
case  : If – 1 < x  3
 –(x – 3) + 2(x + 1) = 4
 – x + 3 + 2x + 2 = 4
 x = – 1 tks fd laHko ugha gSA
case  : If x > 3
x – 3 + 2(x + 1) = 4
3x – 1 = 4    x = 5/3 tks fd laHko ugha gSA
 x = – 1 Ans.

ifjes; Qyu (Rational Function) :

g(x)
y = f (x) = , :i dk Qyu ifjes; Qyu gksrk gS] tgk¡ g (x) ,oa h (x) cgqin Qyu gS rFkk
h(x)
h(x)  0 gSA

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xf.kr ds ewyHkwr fl)kUr - II

vifjes; Qyu (Irrational Function) %

og Qyu y = f(x) ftlesa ;ksx] vUrj]xq.ku] foHkktd ,oa fHkUukRed ?kkr dh lafØ;kvksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA
vifjes; Qyu dgykrk gSA
x3  x1/ 3
mnkgj.k% y = ,d vifjes; Qyu gSA
2x  x
(a) lehdj.k f(x) = g(x) fuEu fudk; ds cjkcj gSA
f(x) = g2(x) rFkk g(x)  0
(b) vlfedk f(x) < g(x) fuEu fudk; ds cjkcj gSA
f(x) < g2(x) rFkk f(x)  0 rFkk g(x)  0
(c) vlfedk f(x) > g(x) fuEu fudk; ds cjkcj gSA
g(x)  0 rFkk f(x)  0 ;k g(x)  0 rFkk f(x) > g2(x)

mnkgj.k # 3 : gy dhft, x + 2 > 2 1  x2

gy % 4(1 – x2) < (x + 2)2 vkSj x+20 vkSj 1 – x2  0
 –4 
x  – ,  (0, ) ...(1)
 5 
x[–2, ) ...(2)
x[–1, 1] ...(3)
(1) (2) (3)
 4
 1,  5   (0, 1]
 
vH;kl dk;Z %
(1) 2x2  x  6 < x (2) 5x > x + 1
(3) x+3+ x  4x  5 > 0
2
(4) x – 4–x  1
3  4  7 
Ans. (1)  , 2  (2) (–, 1) (3) (–, –1]  [5, ) (4)  , 4
2   2 

ekikad ls lEcfU/kr vkjs[k :

;fn y = f(x) dk vkjs[k gS&

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xf.kr ds ewyHkwr fl)kUr - II

rc fuEu ds vkjs[k gS&

(a) y = – f(x) gS&

(b) y = f(–x) gS&

y

–4 –3 3
x
–2 –1 1 2

–1

(c) y = f(|x|) gS&

y

–4 –3 3 4
x
–2 –1 1 2

–1

(d) y = f(–|x|) gS&

y

–3 3
x
–2 –1 1 2

–1

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xf.kr ds ewyHkwr fl)kUr - II

(e) y = |f(x)| gS&

y

x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4

(f) |y| = f(x) gS&

(g) |y| = – f(x) gS&

xzkQh; :ikUrj.k :
;fn y = f(x) dk vkjs[k gS&
y

(0, 1)

(1, 0)
x
(–2, 0) –1

(0, –2)

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xf.kr ds ewyHkwr fl)kUr - II

rc fuEu ds vkjs[k gS&

(a) y – k = f(x – h) gS&

y
(h, 1 + k)

(–2 + h, k) (1 + h, k)
(h, k)
x

(h, –2+k)

(b) y = kf(x) gS&

(k > 0)

(c) y = f(kx) gS&

(k > 0)

mnkgj.k # 4 : y = |x2 + 4x + 3| gy % –3 –1

mnkgj.k # 5 : |y–1| = sin x gy %

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xf.kr ds ewyHkwr fl)kUr - II

mnkgj.k # 6 : y = –x2 + 4|x| – 3 gy % –3

–3 3
mnkgj.k # 7 : y = ||x |–3| gy %

x
mnkgj.k # 8 : y = sin   gy % vkorZ 4ij
3

mnkgj.k # 9 : y = sin x  3 gy % xzkQh; :ikUrj.k

mnkgj.k # 10 : y = |–n |–x|| gy %

mnkgj.k # 11 : |y| = x2 – 3x + 2 gy %

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Fundamentals of Mathematics-II

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A) : Modulus Function & Equation
[k.M (A) : ekikad Qyu ,oa lehdj.k
A-1. Write the following expression in appropriate intervals so that they are bereft of modulus sign
uhps fn;s x;s O;atdksa dks vUrjky ds :i esa fyf[k;s tks ekikad jfgr gks
(i) |x2 – 7x + 10| Ans. (i) x2 – 7x + 10, x > 5 or x  2
–(x2 – 7x + 10), 2  x  5

(ii) |x3 – x| Ans.(ii) x3 – x, x  [–1, 0]  [1, )

x – x3 , x  (– , –1)  (0, 1)

(iii) |2x – 2| Ans.(iii) 2x – 2, x  1

2 – 2x , x < 1

(iv) |x2 – 6x + 10| Ans.(iv) x2 – 6x + 10, x  R

(v) |x – 1| + |x2 – 3x + 2| Ans.(v) x2 – 2x + 1, x  2

4x – x2 – 3, 1  x < 2
x2 – 4x + 3, x < 1
(vi) x2  6x  9 Ans.(vi) x – 3, x  3
3 – x, x  3
(vii) 2(x–1) + |x + 2| – 3|x+1|
Ans.(vii) 2x–1 + x + 2 – 3x+1 x  –1
2x–1 + x + 2 – 3–(x+1) –2  x  –1
2x–1 – x – 2 – 3–(x+1) x  –2
A-2. Draw the labled graph of following
fuEufyf[kr ds vkjs[k cukb;s–
(i) y = |7 – 2x| (ii) y = |x – 1| – |3x – 2|
(iii) y = |x – 1| + |x – 4| + |x – 7| (iv) y = |4x + 5|
(v) y = |2x – 3|

Ans. (i) (ii) (iii)

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Fundamentals of Mathematics-II

(iv) (v)

A-3. Solve the following equations

fuEufyf[kr lehdj.kksa dks gy dhft,&
(i) |x| + 2 |x – 6| = 12 Ans. x = 0, 8

(ii) ||x + 3| – 5| = 2 Ans. x = –10, –6, 0, 4

(iii) |||x – 2| – 2 | – 2| = 2 Ans. x = 0, ± 4, 8

11 13
(iv) |4x + 3| + |3x – 4| = 12 Ans. x=– ,
7 7

A-4. Solve the following equations :

fuEu lehdj.kksa dks gy dhft, :
(i) x2 – 7|x| – 8 = 0 Ans. ±8
(ii) |x2 – x + 1| = |x2 – x – 1| Ans. 0, 1
(iii) |x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6| = 6 Ans. 0, 4
(iv) |x2 – 2x| + x = 6 Ans. –2, 3
(v) |x2 – x – 6| = x + 2. Ans. x  {– 2, 2, 4}

A-5. Find the number of real roots of the equation

lehdj.k ds okLrfod ewyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
2
(i) x 3 x +2=0 Ans. 4
(ii) ||x – 1|– 5| = 2 Ans. 4
(iii) |2x2 + x – 1| = |x2 + 4x + 1| Ans. 4

A-6. Find the sum of solutions of the following equations :

fuEu fn, x;s lehdj.kksa ds gyksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,
(i) x2 – 5|x| – 4 = 0 Ans. 0
(ii) (x – 3)2 + |x – 3| – 11 = 0 Ans. 6
(iii) |x|3 – 15x2 – 8|x| – 11 = 0 Ans. 0
(iv) ||x – 3| – 4| = 1 Ans. 12
(v) 2|x| + 3|x| + 4|x| = 9 Ans. 0

A-7. Find number of solutions of the following equations

fuEu lehdj.kksa ds gyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,
(i) |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| = 9
(ii) |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| + |x – 4| = 4
(iii) |x| + |x + 2| + |x – 2| = p, p  R
Ans. (i) 2
(ii) Infinite vuUr
(iii) p < 4 no solution dksbZ gy ugha
p = 4 one solution ,d gy
p > 4 Two solution nks gy

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 Fundamentals of Mathematics-II
A-8. Find the minimum value of f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3|
f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| dk U;wure eku gS &
Ans. 2

A-9 If x2 – |x – 3| – 3 = 0, then |x| can be

;fn x2 – |x – 3| – 3 = 0, rc |x| gks ldrk gS
Ans. 2, 3
A-10. If |x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6| is a prime number then find the number of possible integral values of x.
;fn |x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6| vHkkT; la[;k gS rc x ds laHkkfor iw.kkZad ekuksa dh la[;k gS &
Ans. 0

Section (B) : Modulus Inequalities

[k.M (B) : ekikadh; vlehdk,sa
B-1. Solve the following inequalities :
fuEufyf[kr vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft,&

(i) |x – 3|  2 (ii) | |x – 2| – 3| 0

(iii) ||3x – 9| + 2 | > 2 (iv) |2x – 3| – |x|  3

(v) |x – 1| + |x + 2| 3
(vi). ||x – 1| – 1|  1
 
Ans. (i) x  (–, 1]  [5, ) (ii) x = 5 or x = – 1
(iii) x  R – {3} (iv) x  [0, 6] (v) R
(vi) [ 1, 3]

(v) |x – 1| |x + 2|  3
Now vc |a| + |b|  |a – b|  |x + 2| + |x – 1|  3 x R.
(vi) –1  |x – 1| – 1  1  0  |x – 1|  2
 0  |x – 1|    xR ...(1)
and vkSj |x – 1|  2 
  –2  x –1  2  –1  x  3 ...(2)
(1)  (2) ls
 x  [–1, 3].

B-2. Solve the following inequalities :

fuEufyf[kr vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft,
3
(i) 1 >2 Ans. x  (–1, 0)  (0, 3)
x
3x
(ii) 1 Ans. x  (–, –4]  [–1, 1]  [4, )
x 4
2

| x  3 | x
(iii) >1 Ans. x  (–5, –2)  (–1, )
x2
 2  1 
(iv) |x2 + 3x| + x2 – 2  0 Ans. x   ,     ,  
 3 2 
 2 
(v) |x + 3| > |2x – 1| Ans. x    , 4
 3 
B-3. Solve the following inequalities
fuEu vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft,

(i) |x3 – 1|  1 – x Ans. x  (–, –1]  [0, )

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(ii) x2 – 4x  4 1 Ans. x  (–, 1]  [3, )

| x  2 | x
(iii) <2 Ans. x  (–, 0)  (1, )
x
| x2|
(iv) >0 Ans. x  (2, )
x2

(v) |x – 2| > |2x – 3| Ans. (1, 5/3)

(vi) |x + 2| + |x – 3| < |2x + 1| Ans. (2, )

B-4. Solve the following equations

fuEu lehdj.kksa dks gy djus ij
(i) |x3 + x2 + x + 1| = |x3 + 1| + |x2 + x| Ans. {–1}  [0, )

(ii) |x2 – 4x + 3| + |x2 – 6x + 8| = |2x – 5| Ans. [1, 2]  [3, 4]

 1 
(iii) |x2 + x + 2| – |x2 – x + 1| = |2x + 1| Ans. x   ,  
 2 
(iv). |x2 – 2x – 8| + |x2 + x – 2| = 3 | x + 2| Ans. [1, 4] {–2}
 3
(v). | 2x – 3 | + | x + 5 |  | x – 8 | Ans.  –5, 2 
 
B-5. Find the solution set of the inequalities |x 2 + x – 2|  0 and |x2 – x + 2|  0
vlfedkvksa |x2 + x – 2|  0 vkSj |x2 – x + 2|  0 dk gy leqPP; Kkr dhft,A
Ans. {–2, 1}

Section (C) : Miscellaneous Modulus Equations & Inequations

[k.M (C) : fofo/k ekikadh; lehdj.k ,oa vlehdk,sa
C-1. Write the following expression in appropriate intervals so that they are bereft of modulus sign
uhps fn;s x;s O;atdksa dks vUrjky ds :i esa fyf[k;s tks ekikad jfgr gks
2
 4x 5
(i) |log10x| + |2x–1 – 1| (ii) |(log2x)2 – 3(log2x) + 2| (iii) | 5x  25 |
Ans+Sol. (i) log10x + 2 x – 1 –1 x1
–(log10x + 2 – 1)
x–1 0<x<1
(ii) (log2x)2 – 3(log2x) + 2 x  (0, 2]  [4, )
–((log2x)2 – 3(log2x) + 2 ) x  (2, 4)
2
 4x 5
(iii) 5x  25 x  (–, 1]  [3, )
x2  4x 5
25  5 x  (1, 3)

C-2. Solve the equations log100 l x + y l = 1/2 , log10y – log10|x| = log1004 for x and y.
lehdj.kksa log100 l x + y l = 1/2, log10y – log10|x| = log1004 dks gy djds x ,oa y ds eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. x = 10/3, y = 20/3 & x = – 10, y = 20

C-3. Solve the inequality vlfedk dks gy dhft,A

 1
(i) (log2x)2 – |(log2x) – 2|  0 Ans. x   0,   2,  
 4

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 1
(ii) 2 | log3x | + log3x  3 Ans.  0, 27   3,  
 
x
(iii). Find the complete solution set of 2x  2  2 2
x
2x  2  2 2 dk lEiw.kZ gy leqPp; Kkr dhft,A
1
Ans. ( ,log2 ( 2  1)]   , )
2

3 x2  10 x  3
C-4. Find the number of real solution(s) of the equation x  3 =1
2
3 x  10 x  3
lehdj.k x  3 = 1 ds okLrfod gyksa dh la[;k gS &
Ans. 3

C-5. If x, y are integral solutions of 2x 2 – 3xy – 2y2 = 7, then find the value of |x + y|
;fn lehdj.k 2x2 – 3xy – 2y2 = 7 ds iw.kk±d gy x, y gks] rks |x + y| dk eku gS &
Ans. 4

C-6. If x, |x + 1|, |x – 1| are three terms of an A.P., then find the number of possible values of x

Ans. 2
;fn x, |x + 1|, |x – 1| fdlh lekUrj Js<+h ds rhu in gks] rks x ds lEHkkfor ekuksa dh la[;k gksxh–

Section (D) : Irrational Inequations

[k.M (D) : vifjes; vlfedk,sa
D-1. Solve the following inequalities :
fuEufyf[kr vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft, &
2x  1 1 
(i)
x2
<1 Ans.  2 , 2   (5, )
 
(ii) x– 1 |x| < 0 Ans. [– 1, ( 5 – 1)/2)

(iii) x2  x  6 < 2x – 3 Ans. x  [3, )

 7  21   7  21 
(iv) x2  6x  8  x 1 Ans. x   , 2   4, 
 2   2 
x
(v) x2  7x  10 + 9 log4    2x + 14x  20  2x2 – 13 Ans. x=2
8
(vi) x–3< x2  4x  5 Ans. (– , – 5] U [1, )
(vii) x2  5x  24  x  2 Ans. (–, –3]
1
(viii) 4  x2  Ans. [–2, 0)  [ 2  3 , 2  3 ]
x
x7
(ix)  3x Ans. (– 1, 1) (2, 3]
x 1

D-2. Solve the equation a(2x – 2)  1 = 1 – 2x for every value of the parameter a.

izkpy a ds izR;sd eku ds fy, lehdj.k a(2x – 2)  1 = 1 – 2x dks gy dhft,A

Ans. x = log2a where, a  (0, 1]
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Ans. x = log2a tgk¡ , a  (0, 1]

Section (E) : Transformation of curves

[k.M (E) : oØks dk :ikUrj.k
E-1. Draw the graph of followings —
fuEufyf[kr oØksa ds vkys[k [khafp,&
(i) y = – |x + 2| (ii) y = | | x – 1 | – 2|
(iii) y = |x + 2| + |x – 3| (iv) |y| + x = – 1

Ans (i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

E-2. Draw the graphs of the following curves :

fuEufyf[kr oØksa ds vkys[k [khafp,&
1
(i) y= –
| 2x  1|
y
(ii) =–1 (iii) |y – 3| = |x – 1|
| x | 1
| x 2 – 1|
(iv) y= nx
(x 2 – 1)

Ans. (i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

E-3. Draw the graph of y = log1/2 (1 – x).

y = log1/2 (1 – x) dk vkjs[k [khpha,A
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Ans.

E-4. Find the set of values of  for which the equation |x 2 – 4|x| – 12| =  has 6 distinct real roots.
 dk ekuksa dk leqPp; Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, lehdj.k |x2 – 4|x| – 12| =  ds 6 fHkUu&fHkUu okLrfod ewy gSA
Ans.  (12, 16)

E-5. If y = f(x) has following graph

;fn y = f(x) dk vkys[k fuEukuqlkj gks] &

Then draw the graph of rc vkjs[k [khfpa,A

(i) y = |f(x)|
(ii) y = f(|x|)
(iii) y = f(– |x|)
(iv) y  | f ( |x| ) |

Ans. (i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

E-6. If y = f(x) is shown in figure given below, then plots the graph for
(A) y = f(|x + 2|) (B) |y – 2| = f(–3x).

y = f(x) dk vkjs[k fuEu fp=kkuqlkj gks]

(A) y = f(|x + 2|) (B) |y – 2| = f(–3x).

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rks fuEufyf[kr ds vkjs[k cukb;s

Ans. (A)

(B)

E-7. Find the number of roots of equation

lehdj.kksa ds ewyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
(i) 3|x|– |2 – |x|| = 1 Ans. 2
(ii) x + 1 = x · 2x Ans. 2

E-8 Find values of k for which the equation |x2 – 1| + x = k has

k dk eku gksxk tcfd lehdj.k |x2 – 1| + x = k j[krk gSA
(i) 4 solution gy (ii) 3 solutions gy (iii) 1 solution gy (iv) 2 solutions gy
 5 5
Ans. (i) k   1,  (ii) k = 1,
 4 4
5 
(iii) k=–1 (iv) k      (–1, 1)
4 

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA

1. Number of integral values of 'x' satisfying the equation 3|x + 1| – 2.3x = 2.|3x – 1| + 1 are
lehdj.k 3|x + 1| – 2.3x = 2.|3x – 1| + 1 dks lUrq"V djus okys x ds iw.kkZad ekuksa dh la[;k gS
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

2. |x2 + 6x + p| = x2 + 6x + p  x  R where p is a prime number then least possible value p is

|x2 + 6x + p| = x2 + 6x + p  x  R tgk¡ p ,d vHkkT; la[;k gS rc p dk U;wure laEHkkfor eku gS&
(A) 7 (B*) 11 (C) 5 (D) 13

3. If (log10x)2 – 4|log10x| + 3 = 0, the product of roots of the equation is :

;fn (log10x)2 – 4|log10x| + 3 = 0 gks] rks lehdj.k ds ewyksa dk xq.kuQy gS
(A) 3 (B) 104 (C) 108 (D*) 1

4. The equaiton ||x – 1| + a| = 4 can have real solutions for x if a belongs to the interval
lehdj.k ||x – 1| + a| = 4 dk x ds fy, okLrfod gy gks ldrk gS tcfd a dk vUrjky gS&

(A*) (–, 4] (B) (4, ) (C) (–4, ) (D) (–, –4) U(4, )

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5. The number of values of x satisfying the equation | 2x + 3 | + | 2x – 3 | = 4x + 6, is
lehdj.k | 2x + 3 | + | 2x – 3 | = 4x + 6 dks lUrq"V djus okys x ds ekuksa dh la[;k gS&
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

| x2  4 x |3
6. Number of prime numbers satisfying the inequality log3  0 is equal to
x2 | x  5 |
| x2  4 x |3
vlfedk log3  0 dks lUrq"V djus okyh vHkkT; la[;kvksa dh la[;k gS&
x2 | x  5 |
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

7. If |x + 2| + y = 5 and x – |y| = 1 then the value of (x + y) is

;fn |x + 2| + y = 5 rFkk x – |y| = 1 rc x + y dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 3 (D) 4

8. The number of value of x satisfying the equation x  1A = (x  1)7 , where A = log3 x²  2 logx9
lehdj.k x  1A = (x  1)7 , tgk¡ A = log3 x²  2 logx 9 dks lUrq"V djus okys x ds ekuksa dh la[;k gS&
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 0 (D) 3

9. The number of integral value of x satisfying the equation log 3

x2  log3 x  2 = 2

lehdj.k log 3 x  2  log3 x  2 = 2 dks lUrq"V djus okyk x dk iw.kkZad ekuksa dh la[;k gS&
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

10. The sum of all possible integral solutions of equation

||x2 – 6x + 5| – |2x2 – 3x + 1|| = 3|x2 – 3x + 2| is
lehdj.k ||x – 6x + 5| – |2x2 – 3x + 1|| = 3|x2 – 3x + 2| ds lHkh laHkkfor iw.kkZad gyksa dk ;ksxQy gS&
2

(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D*) 15

Sol. ||A| – |B|| = |A + B| iff AB  0

1 
(x2 – 6x + 5) (2x2 – 3x + 1)  0  x   , 5
2 

Hindi ||A| – |B|| = |A + B| ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn AB  0

1 
(x2 – 6x + 5) (2x2 – 3x + 1)  0  x   , 5
2 

11. The complete solution set of the inequality (|x – 1| – 3) (|x + 2| – 5) < 0 is (a, b)  (c, d) then the value
of |a| + |b| + |c| + |d| is
vlfedk (|x – 1| – 3) (|x + 2| – 5) < 0 dk lEiw.kZ gy leqPp; (a, b)  (c, d) gS] rc |a| + |b| + |c| + |d| dk eku
gSA
(A) 14 (B) 15 (C*) 16 (D) 17

12. The product of all the integers which do not belong to the solution set of the inequality
3 |x|  2
 2 is
| x | 1
3 |x|  2
lHkh iw.kkZdksa tks vlfedk  2 ds gy leqPp; esa fLFkr ugha gS] dk xq.kuQy gS&
| x | 1
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(A*) –1 (B) –4 (C) 4 (D) 0

13. Let f(x) = |x – 2| and g(x) = |3 – x| and
A be the number of real solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x)
B be the minimum value of h(x) = f(x) + g(x)
C be the area of triangle formed by f(x) = |x – 2|, g(x) = |3 – x| and x-axis and  <  <  <  where  < 
are the roots of f(x) = 4 and  <  are the roots of g(x) = 4, then the value of sum of digits of
2  2   2  2
.
ABC
ekuk f(x) = |x – 2| vkSj g(x) = |3 – x| rFkk f(x) = g(x) ds okLrfod gyksa dh la[;k A gSaA h(x) = f(x) + g(x) dk
U;wure eku B gSA f(x) = |x – 2|, g(x) = |3 – x| rFkk x-v{k ls ifjc) f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy C gSa rFkk  <  <  < 
tgk¡ f(x) = 4 ds ewy ,oa bl çdkj gS fd  <  gSA vkSj g(x) = 4 ds ewy ,oa  bl çdkj gS fd  <  gS] rc
2  2   2  2
ds vadks ds ;ksx dk eku Kkr dhft,&
ABC
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 11 (D*) 9

14. If f(x) = |x + 1| – 2 | x – 1| then

(A*) maximum value of f(x) is 2. (B*) there are two solutions of f(x) = 1.
(C*) there is one solution of f(x) = 2. (D) there are two solutions of f(x) = 3.
;fn f(x) = |x + 1| – 2 | x – 1| gks] rks
(A*) f(x) dk vf/kdre eku 2 gSA (B*) ;gk¡ f(x) = 1 ds nks gy gSA
(C*) ;gk¡ f(x) = 2 dk ,d gy gSA (D) ;gk¡ f(x) = 3 ds nks gy gSA
a
15. The solution set of inequality |x| < , a  R, is
x

(A*) – –a,0  if a < 0  
(B*) 0, a if a > 0
(C*)  if a = 0 (D) (0, a) if a > 0
a
vlfedk |x| < , a  R dk gy leqPp; gS&
x
(A*) – 
–a,0 ;fn a < 0  
(B*) 0, a ;fn a > 0
(C*)  ;fn a = 0 (D) (0, a) ;fn a > 0

 1 
16. If a and b are the solutions of equation : log5  log64 | x |   25x  = 2x, then
 2 
  1
;fn lehdj.k log5  log64 | x |   25x  = 2x ds gy a rFkk b gS] rks &
 2 
(A*) a + b = 0 (B*) a2 + b2 = 128 (C) ab = 64 (D) a – b = 8

17. The number of solution of the equation log3|x – 1| . log4|x – 1| . log5|x – 1|

= log5|x – 1| + log3|x – 1| . log4|x – 1| are

lehdj.k log3|x – 1| . log4|x – 1| . log5|x – 1| = log5|x – 1| + log3|x – 1| . log4|x – 1| ds gyksa dh la[;k gS&
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D*) 6

(x 2  2)( x 2  16 )
18. Find the number of all the integral solutions of the inequality 0
(x 4  2)(x 2  9)
(x 2  2)( x 2  16 )
vlfedk  0 ds lHkh iw.kkZad gyksa dh la[;k gS&
(x 4  2)(x 2  9)
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
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1  21  4x  x 2
19. Find the complete solution set of the inequality 0
x 1
1  21  4x  x 2
vlfedk  0 dk lEiw.kZ gy leqPp; gS&
x 1
(A) 2 6  2, 3
 
(B)  2 2 6, 1
 
(C)  2  2 6,  1  2 6  2, 3
      
(D*)  2 2 6, 1  2 6  2, 3


| x2| – | x|
20. The solution set of the inequality  0 is
4 – x3
| x2| – | x|
vlfedk  0 dk gy leqPp; gS&
4 – x3
(A*) [–1, 3
4) (B) [1, 3
4) (C) [–1, 3
2) (D) [0, 3
4)

2 x  4log2 x < 2 (4 – log16x ) are

2 4
21. The number of integers satisfying the inequality log1/

vlfedk 2
log1/ 2 x  4log2 x < 2 (4 – log16x4) dks lUrq"V djus okys iw.kkZdksa dh la[;k gS&
(A) 2 (B*) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

22. If f 1(x) = | | x | – 2| and f n(x) = |f n – 1(x) –2| for all n  2, n  N, then number of solution of the equation
f2015(x) = 2 is
;fn f1(x) = | | x | – 2| vkSj fn(x) = |f n – 1(x) –2| lHkh n  2, n  N, ds fy, f2015(x) = 2 lehdj.k ds gyksa dh la[;k
gS
(A) 2015 (B) 2016 (C*) 2017 (D) 2018

23. If graph of y = f(x) in (–3,1), is as shown in the following figure

and g(x) = n(f(x)), then the graph of y = g(– |x|) is

;fn y = f(x) dk vkys[k, f(x) vUrjky (–3,1)] fuEufyf[kr fp=k }kjk n'kkZ;k tkrk gS&

rFkk g(x) = n(f(x)) gS, rks y = g(– |x|) dk vkys[k gSA

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(A) (B)

(C) (D*)

24. Solution set of inequality ||x| – 2|  3 – |x| consists of :

(A) exactly four integers (B*) exactly five integers
(C) Two prime natural number (D*) One prime natural number
vlfedk ||x| – 2|  3 – |x| dk gy leqPp; j[krk gS
(A) Bhd pkj iw.kkZad (B*) Bhd ik¡p iw.kkZad
(C) nks vHkkT; izkÑr la[;k (D*) ,d vHkkT; izkÑr la[;k

25. If a  0, then the inequation |x – a| + |x + a| < b

 b b 
(A*) has no solutions if b  2 |a| (B*) has a solution set  ,  if b > 2 |a|
 2 2

 b b 
(C) has a solution set  ,  if b < 2 |a| (D) All above
 2 2

a0 |x – a| + |x + a| < b
 b b 
 2 , 2
 
 b b 
 2 , 2
 

26. The equation ||x – a| – b| = c has four distinct real roots, then
lehdj.k ||x – a| – b| = c ds pkj fHkUu&fHkUu ewy gS] rc
(A) a > b – c > 0 (B) c > b > 0
(C) a > c + b > 0 (D*) b > c > 0

27. If graph of y = f(x) is as shown in figure

y
2

x
–2 –1 0 2
–1

then which of the following options is/are correct ?

y

(A*) Graph of y = f(–|x|) is

x
–2 –1 0 1 2

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Fundamentals of Mathematics-II

(B) Graph of y = f(|x|) is

y
1
(C*) Graph of y = |f(|x|)| is
x
–2 –1 O 1 2

(D*) Graph of |y| = f(x) is x

–2 –1 O 2

fn, x, fp=k esa y = f(x) dk vkjs[k n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

y
2

x
–2 –1 0 2
–1

rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls fodYi lgh gS\

y

(A*) y = f(–|x|) dk vkjs[k gSA

x
–2 –1 0 1 2

(B) y = f(|x|) dk vkjs[k gSA

y
1
(C*) y = |f(|x|)| dk vkjs[k gSA
x
–2 –1 O 1 2

(D*) |y| = f(x) dk vkjs[k –1

x gSA
–2 O 2

Ans. (ACD)

28. Consider the equation x2 – 4 | x |  3 =p

(A*) for p = 2 the equation has four solutions
(B) for p = 2 the equation has eight solutions
(C*) there exists only one real value of p for which the equation has odd number of solutions
(D*) sum of roots of the equation is zero irrespective of value of p
ekuk fd lehdj.k x2 – 4 | x |  3 = p
(A*) p = 2 ds fy, lehdj.k pkj gy j[krh gSA (B) p = 2 ds fy, lehdj.k vkB gy j[krh gSA
(C*) p dk dsoy ,d okLrfod eku gS ftlds fy, lehdj.k fo"ke la[;k esa gy j[krk gSA
(D*) lehdj.k ds ewyksa dk ;ksxQy 'kwU; gS p ds eku ds lanHkZ esaA
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Fundamentals of Mathematics-II

Ans. a  (1, 3)  {0}

29. Consider the equation |nx| + x = 2, then

(A*) The equation has two solutions (B*) Both solutions are positive
(C*) One root exceeds one and other in less than one (D) Both roots exceed one
ekuk fd lehdj.k |nx| + x = 2, rc
(A*) lehdj.k ds nks gy gS (B*) nksuksa gy /kukRed gS
(C*) ,d ewy ,d ls cM+k gS vkSj nwljk ewy ,d ls NksVk gS (D) nksuksa ewy ,d ls cM+s gS
30. Consider the equation ||x – 1 | – |x + 2|| = p. Let p1 be the value of p for which the equation has exactly
one solution. Also p2 is the value of p for which the equation has infinite solution. Let  be the sum of all
the integral values of p for which this equation has solution then
ekuk fd lehdj.k ||x – 1 | – |x + 2|| = p lehdj.k ds Bhd ,d gy ds fy, p dk eku p1 gS rFkk lehdj.k ds
vuUr gy ds fy, p dk eku p2 gSA ekuk lehdj.k ds gy gksus ds fy, p ds lHkh iw.kkZad ekuksa dk ;ksxQy gSA rc
(A*) p1 = 0 (B*) p2 = 3 (C*)  = 6 (D) p1 + p2 = 4

31. Number of the solution of the equation 2x = |x – 1| + |x + 1| is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) 2 (D) 
lehdj.k 2x = |x – 1| + |x + 1| ds gyksa dh la[;k gS &
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) 2 (D) 

32. Number of the solution of the equation x 2 = |x – 2| + |x + 2| – 1 is

(A) 0 (B) 3 (C*) 2 (D) 4
lehdj.k x = |x – 2| + |x + 2| – 1 ds gyksa dh la[;k gS &
2

(A) 0 (B) 3 (C*) 2 (D) 4

33. f(x) is polynomial of degree 5 with leading coefficient = 1, f(4) = 0. If the curve y = |f(x)| and y = f(|x|) are
same, then the value of f(5) is
5 ?kkr dk cgqinh; Qyu f(x) ftldk vxzzx xq.kkad 1 gSA f(4) = 0. ;fn oØ y = |f(x)| vkSj y = f(|x|) leku gS rc
f(5) dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(A*) 405 (B) –405 (C) 45 (D) –45

34. The area bounded by the curve y  |x – 2| and y  4 – |x – 3| is

y  |x – 2| vkSj y  4 – |x – 3| ls ifjc) {ks=k dk {ks=kQy gS &
13 15
(A) (B) 7 (C*) (D) 8
2 2

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PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -

1. Draw the graph of y = |x|1/2 for –1  x  1.

–1  x  1 ds fy, y = |x|1/2 dk vkjs[k [khfpa,A

2. The number of real solutions of the equation |x|2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0 is :

lehdj.k |x|2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0 ds okLrfod gyksa dh la[;k gS &
(A*) 4 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2

3. If p, q, r are any real numbers, then

1
(A) max (p, q) < max (p, q, r) (B*) min (p, q) = (p + q – |p – q|)
2
(C) max (p, q) < min(p, q, r) (D) None of these
;fn p, q, r dksbZ okLrfod la[;k,a gS rc
1
(A) max (p, q) < max (p, q, r) (B*) min (p, q) = (p + q – |p – q|)
2
(C) max (p, q) < min(p, q, r) (D) None of thesebuesa ls dksbZ ugha

4. Let f(x) = |x – 1|. Then

ekuk f(x) = |x – 1|. rc
(A) f(x2) = (f(x))2 (B) f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)
(C) f(|x|) = |f(x)| (D*) None of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha

5. If x satisfies |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3|  6, then
;fn x, vlfedk |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3|  6 dks lUrq"V djrk gS
(A) 0  x  4 (B) x  –2 or ;k x  4
(C*) x  0 or ;k x  4 (D) None of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha

6. Solve |x2 + 4x + 3| + 2x + 5 = 0.
|x2 + 4x + 3| + 2x + 5 = 0 dks gy dhft,A
Ans. x = –1 – 3 or –4

7. If p, q, r are positive and are in A.P., then roots of the quadratic equation px 2 + qx + r = 0 are real for
r r
(A*) 7  4 3 (B) 7 < 4 3
p p
(C) all p and r (D) no p and r
;fn p, q, r /kukRed vkSj lekUrj Js.kh esa gS rc f}?kkr lehdj.k px2 + qx + r = 0 ds ewy okLrfod gksus ds fy,
r r
(A*) 7  4 3 (B) 7 < 4 3
p p
(C) lHkh p vkSj r (D) p vkSj r ds fy, ugha

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8. The function f(x) = |ax – b| + c |x|  x  (–, ), where a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, assumes its minimum value
only at one point if
Qyu f(x) = |ax – b| + c |x|  x  (–, ), tgk¡ a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 dk U;wure eku dsoy ,d gh fcUnq ij
feysxk ;fn
(A) a  b (B*) a  c (C) b  c (D) a = b = c

9. Find the set of all solutions of the equation 2|y| – | 2y–1 – 1| = 2y–1 + 1
lehdj.k 2|y| – | 2y–1 – 1| = 2y–1 + 1 ds lHkh gyksa dk leqPp; Kkr dhft,&
Ans. {–1}  [1, )

2
10. The sum of all the real roots of the equation x  2  x  2  2  0 is ______.

lehdj.k x  2 2  x  2  2  0 ds lHkh okLrfod ewyksa dk ;ksx ______gSA

Ans. 4

11. If  &  ( < ) are the roots of the equation x 2 + bx + c = 0, where c < 0 < b, then
;fn lehdj.k x2 + bx + c = 0 ¼tgk¡ c < 0 < b½ ds ewy  ,oa  ( < ) gks] rks&
(A) 0 <  <  (B*)  < 0 < < 
(C) <  < 0 (D) < 0 <  < 

12. If f(x) = x 2 + 2bx + 2c2 and g(x) = – x2 – 2cx + b2 are such that min f(x) > max g(x), then the relation
between b and c, is
(A) no relation (B) 0 < c < b/2 (C) |c| < 2 |b| (D*) |c| > 2 |b|
;fn f(x) = x2 + 2bx + 2c2 ,oa g(x) = – x2 – 2cx + b2 bl izdkj gS rkfd min f(x) > max g(x) gks] rks b, c, esa
lEcU/k gS&
(A) dksbZ lEcU/k ugha (B) 0 < c < b/2 (C) |c| < 2 |b| (D) |c| > 2 |b|

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

1. Product of real roots of the equation t2x2 + |x| + 9 = 0

(1) is always positive (2) is always negative (3*) does not exist (4) none of these

lehdj.k t2x2 + |x| + 9 = 0 ds okLrfod ewyksa dk xq.kuQy gS&

(1) lnSo /kukRed gSaA (2) lnSo _.kkRed gSA (3*) fo|eku ugha gSA (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

2. The number of real solutions of the equation x 2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0 is

(1) 3 (2) 2 (3*) 4 (4) 1

lehdj.k x2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0 ds okLrfod gyksa dh la[;k gS&

(1) 3 (2) 2 (3*) 4 (4) 1

3. The sum of the roots of the equation, x 2 + |2x – 3| –4 = 0, is :

lehdj.k x2 + |2x – 3| –4 = 0 ds ewyksa dk ;ksx gS&

(1) – 2 (2*) 2 (3) –2 (4) 2

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4. The equation 3x2  x  5 = x – 3, where x is real , has :

(1) exactly four solutions (2) exactly one solutions

(3) exactly two solutions (4*) no solution

lehdj.k 3x2  x  5 = x – 3 tgk¡ x okLrfod gS] j[krk gS&

(1) Bhd pkj gy (2) Bhd ,d gy

(3) Bhd nks gy (4*) dksbZ gy ugha

1
5. The domain of the function f(x) = is :
| x | x

1
Qyu f(x) = dk izkar gS %
| x | x
(1) (– , ) (2) (0, ) (3*) (–, 0) (4) (–, ) – {0}

 1
6. If x is a solution of the equation, 2x  1 – 2x – 1  1,  x   , then 4x2 – 1 is equal to
 2

 1
;fn x lehdj.k 2x  1 – 2x – 1  1,  x   dk gy gS rc 4x2 – 1 cjkcj gS&
 2

3 1
(1) 2 (2*) (3) 2 2 (4)
4 2

1 1
7. Let  and  be the roots of equation px 2 + qx + r = 0, p  0. If p, q ,r are in the A.P. and  = 4, then
 
the value of | – | is :
1 1
ekuk  rFkk  lehdj.k px2 + qx + r = 0, p  0 ds ewy gSA ;fn p, q ,r lekUrj Js<+h esa gSa rFkk  = 4 gS] rks
 
| – | dk eku gSµ
34 2 13 61 2 17
(1) (2*) (3) (4)
9 9 9 9

8. Let S = {x  R : x  0 and 2| x – 3| + x ( x – 6) + 6 = 0}. Then S :

(1*) contains exactly two elements. (2) contains exactly four elements.

(3) is an empty set. (4) contains exactly one element

ekuk S = {x  R : x  0 rFkk 2| x – 3| + x ( x – 6) + 6 = 0} rks S :

(1*) esa ek=k nks vo;o gSaA (2) esa ek=k pkj vo;o gSaA

(3) ,d fjDr leqPp; gSaA (4) esa ek=k ,d gh vo;o gSaA

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