Sequence Reactance Manual
Sequence Reactance Manual
IMPEDANCE OF TRANSFORMER
INTRODUCTION
It is well known that almost all present day installations have three-phase
transformers since they entail lower initial cost, have smaller space requirements
and higher efficiency.
Since a transformer is a static device, the leakage impedance dose not change
with alteration of balanced applied voltages. The transformer negative sequence
impedance is also therefore equal to its leakage reactance. Thus, for a
transformer
Z1 =Z2 =Z leakage
Assuming such transformer connections that zero sequence current s can flow
on both sides, a transformer offers a zero sequence impedance which may differ
slightly from the corresponding positive and negative sequence values. It is,
however, normal practice to assume that the series impedances of all sequences
are equal regardless of the type of transformer.
The zero sequence magnetizing current is somewhat higher in a core type then
in a shell type transformer. This difference does not matter as the magnetizing
current of a transformer is always neglected in short circuit analysis.
Depicts the test setup for finding the impedance experimentally. The zero-
sequence impedance Zo=E/Io may or may not have different value as measured
from one side or the other.
Clearly, the current is impeded only by the leakage impedance per phase, and
the zero sequence impedance therefore equals the leakage impedance.
TRANSFORMER SPECIFICATION
AIM
To determine the positive sequence impedance of three phase transformer using
3 single phase transformers.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Three phase variac - 1 No
2. Ammeter ( 0-2A ) - 1No
3. Voltmeter ( 0-30 V) - 1No
4. single phase transformer - 3Nos
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
CONNECTION PROCEDURE
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
FORMULA
Z=V/I
Z => Impedance
V => Primary voltage
I => Current
RESULT
AIM
To determine the negative sequence impedance of three phase transformer
using 3 single phase transformers.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Three phase variac - 1 No
2. Ammeter( 0-2A) - 1No
3. Voltmeter ( 0-20 V) - 1No
4. single phase transformer - 3Nos
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
CONNECTION PROCEDURE
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Connections are made as per the connection procedure.
2. Switch ON the three phase supply .
3. Vary the variac and note down the voltage & current readings.
4. Calculate the impedance value using current and voltage.
FORMULA
Z=V/I
Z = > Impedance
V = > Primary voltage
I = > Current
RESULT
Hence determined the negative sequence impedance of three phase
transformer.
MEASUREMENT OF ZERO SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE
AIM
To determine the zero sequence impedance of three phase transformer using 3
single phase transformers.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Three phase variac-3KVA - 1 Nos
2. Ammeter ( 0-2A ) - 1No
3. Voltmeter ( 0-20 V ) - 1No
4. single phase transformer - 3Nos
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
CONNECTION PROCEDURE
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Connections are made as per the connection procedure.
2. Switch ON the three phase supply .
3. Vary the variac and note down the voltage & current readings.
4. Calculate the impedance value using current and voltage.
FORMULA
Z = > Impedance
V = > Primary voltage
I = > Current
RESULT
Note:
Follow the same procedure for finding the sequence impedance of three
phase transformer.
CONCLUSION
Since a transformer is a static device, the leakage impedance does not change
with alternation of balanced applied voltages. The transformer negative
sequence impedance is also therefore equal to its leakage reactance.