Script

Slide 1: Good afternoon to everyone, it’s our pleasure to

introduced ourselves as your assigned reporters for the lesson
1, under the subject of understanding culture, society, and
politics.
Slide 4: So first, let’s start to the historical background of the
growth of social sciences
Slide 8: Next, the development of the Social Sciences during the
modern period was made possible by several large-scale social
upheavals and pivotal events. And they can be summarized
below:
Slide 9: alibi
Slide 13: (According to merchant in 1986…)
Do you know that?? Descartes was also known among the
learned in his day as a top mathematician, as the developer of a
new and comprehensive physics or theory of nature (including
living things), and as the proposer of a new metaphysics.
Slide 14: Next, is the secularization of learning and education
But first what is secularization?
(Secularization: is the action or process of converting
something from religious to secular possession or use. /
separation from religious or spiritual concerns.)
Bullet 1: It challenged the infallibility of the Pope and
democratized the interpretation of the Bible.
Bullet 2: This was largely a cultural movement,
emphasizing rationalism as well as political and economic
theories, and was clearly built on the Scientific Revolution.
Slide 15: Also, Immanuel Kant advocated….
In 1784, Immanuel Kant wrote his famous essay, entitled
"What Is Enlightenment?"
Immanuel Kant heralded the beginning of the Modern
Period when he defined Enlightenment as the courage to
know.
Slide 17: In the 2nd bullet says that Louis Pasteur discovers the
gem theory and the development of vaccination, and also, he is
a French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most
important founders of the medical microbiology.
Slide 20: (GEMAYNSHAFT) (GESELSHAFT)
(1ST BULLET) Gemeinschaft is one of the two ideal type of social
organizations that were systematically elaborated by German
sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in his influential work.
(2ND BULLET) Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, are generally
translated as "community and society", are categories which
were used by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in
order to categorize social relationships into two dichotomous
sociological types which define each other.
Slide 21: Next, is the rise of individualism
But first what is individualism?
(Individualism: It is the habit or principle of being
independent and self-reliant. / a social theory favoring
freedom of action for individuals over collective or state
control)
Money made possible the reduction of human interaction to
mere business-like transactions devoid of any warmth and
personal touch.
Slide 23: The transition from feudal economy to industrial
capitalism heralded the creation of people who no longer relied
on traditional norms and prevailing culture. Modern individuals
asserted their freedom to choose. Through education and the
spread of scientific worldview, people saw their lives as no
longer at the mercy of fate or destiny.
Individualism is simply the recognition of the power of the
individual to assert one’s freedom against the given norms and
structures of society.
Slide 25: Do you know that?? Martineau was a self-taught
expert in political economic theory, and wrote prolifically about
the relations between politics, economics, morals, and social
life throughout her career. Her intellectual work was centered
by a staunchly moral perspective that stemmed from her
Unitarian faith. She was fiercely critical of the inequality and
injustice faced by girls and women, slaves, wage slaves, and the
working poor.
Slide 26: Do you know that?? He was a French philosopher
and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism. He is
often regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern
sense of the term. Comte's ideas were also fundamental to the
development of sociology; indeed, he invented the term and
treated that discipline as the crowning achievement of the
sciences.
Slide 30: Next, is the Anthropology
Slide 31: Anthropology is the systematic study of humanity,
with the goal of understanding our evolutionary origins, our
distinctiveness as a species, and the great diversity in our forms
of social existence across the world and through time.
The focus of Anthropology is on understanding both our shared
humanity and diversity, and engaging with diverse ways of
being in the world.

Slide 34: Do you know that?? He is often associated with

functionalism, and is considered by some to be the founder of
structural functionalism. Nonetheless, Radcliffe-Brown
vehemently denied being a functionalist, and carefully
distinguished his concept of function from that of Malinowski,
who openly advocated functionalism.
Slide 35: Next, is the Political Science
Slide 36: Do you know that?? “A political scientist must aims to
be an inquisitive, objective, fact-based researcher grounded in
evidence and reasoning, also Political scientists can use the
results of their research to enhance understanding and raise
public awareness of social issues, hoping to influence
government action.”
Slide 39: 2ND bullet IT SAYS THAT THE OBSERVATIONS
SPECIFICALLY FROM ANTHROPOLOGY WERE PARTED WITH
CULTURAL BELIEFS AND THE EUROPEAN’S ATTITUDES.
Slide 40: One classic example is Dean Worcester, professor of
anthropology at the University of Michigan, who wrote one of
the first sourcebooks of knowledge about the Philippines and
its people. He participated in the first Philippine Commission in
1899 on the basis of his expertise on zoological specimens
collected in the archipelago. Worcester became notorious for
denouncing the "barbaric" practices of slavery and peonage of
the Muslims, thus judging Filipinos unfit for being recognized as
a people or a nation

Slide 42: (Epistemology is the investigation of what

distinguishes justified belief from opinion.)
1st bullet It says that social sciences were introduced from the
rich western countries, and they demand for decolonization of
the social sciences.
2nd bullet It says that the social scientists are impelling the
decolonization of science, and the weak the western social
sciences because of being unable to be universal as the western
scholars claim.

Slide 43: But before that let me explain what indigenization is

(Indigenization: it is the action or process of bringing
something under the control, dominance, or influence of the
people native to an area.)
2nd bullet It says that Many Filipino solo social scientists
advocated the action of bringing the social science dominantly
in the Philippines.
Slide 44: 1st and
2nd bullet According to the authors that the created idea of
social science such as western psychology, is likely to belong in
the concept of common sense.
Slide 45: 2nd bullet It says the significance of western
psychology and how relevant and appropriate it is to us filipinos
of knowing how to live and value.
Slide 46: 2nd bullet It says that in order to rebuild the Filipino
psychology can proceed in two levels which must be from
within and without.
Slide 47: Next is the
Slide 48: 2nd bullet On the second bullet it says that it MUST
consider the concern and problems of the local communities

Slide 49: 1st and

2nd bullet According to Geral Delanty that the situation of social
sciences is characterized by post-disciplinary developments and
related to plurality if the approaches are theoretical and
methodological.
Slide 50: 1st on the first bullet It says that with the globalization
of social science welcomed all the rapid increase of many social
theories and ideological orientations.
and 2nd bullet It says that social sciences are being converted by
the feminism and post modern currents.
Slide 51: According to her Feminist Anthropology is concerned
with critically examining relations between women and men,
and investigating how gender, embodiment and sexuality are
produced through complex relays of power involving ideologies
and social institutions.
Its focus of analysis has shifted over time, moving from an initial
emphasis on women to a concern with gender relations, issues
of difference and identity, and sexuality and heteronormativity.
Slide 54: In my opinion, social science is important because it
provides an evidence-based foundation on which to build a
more effective government and democracy. Also, it helps
people understand and engage with the key political and social
institutions, thus benefiting individuals and society as a whole.