“My galley, charged with forgetfulness”

By: Sir Thomas Wyatt

1. My galley, chargèd with forgetfulness,
2. Thorough sharp seas in winter nights doth pass
3. 'Tween rock and rock; and eke mine en'my, alas,
4. That is my lord, steereth with cruelness;
5. And every owre a thought in readiness,
6. As though that death were light in such a case.
7. An endless wind doth tear the sail apace
8. Of forced sighs and trusty fearfulness.
9. A rain of tears, a cloud of dark disdain,
10. Hath done the weared cords great hinderance;
11. Wreathèd with error and eke with ignorance.
12. The stars be hid that led me to this pain;
13. Drownèd is Reason that should me comfort,
14. And I remain despairing of the port.

The poet: His poetry was a bridge between the medieval and the Elizabethan Age. He is considered "the
Father of English Poetry". He wrote 96 love poems.

The speaker: The poem is written with the poet/lover as the speaker.

Brief Analysis: “My Galley, Charged With Forgetfulness” is a Petrarchan sonnet which deals with
rejected love by Sir Thomas Wyatt. The theme is about unstable love relationship where the speaker has
been rejected by his beloved.

The Type of the poem : a Petrarchan sonnet . It includes two stanzas: an octave: eight lines, and a sestet:
six lines.

The theme: rejected and lost love

The setting: The poem is set at a sailing ship in the middle of the sea.

Metaphor: Lines 1 &2: He compares the rejected love relationship to a shipwreck in the middle of the sea
Line3: he compare the eyes of his beloved and the beauty of the start, they are hidden and not seen

Personification: Line 8: “Of forced sighs “ he compares his grief to the storm created by ‘forced
sighs’.
Line 13: “drowned is Reason,”: The poet personifies reason and logic to “drowned person”

Image: Line 9: “a cloud of dark disdain“: the poem uses a visual image “the dark cloud” to image his
misery.

Rhyme scheme: abba abba cdcd ee

The diction: emotional and romantic

The tone: desperate and sad

 “Come sleep o sleep” sonnet 39
By: Sir Philip Sidney
1. Come Sleep! O Sleep, the certain knot of peace,
2. The baiting-place of wit, the balm of woe,
3. The poor man’s wealth, the prisoner’s release,
4. Th’ indifferent judge between the high and low.
5. With shield of proof shield me from out the prease
6. Of those fierce darts despair at me doth throw:
7. make in me those civil wars to cease;
8. I will good tribute pay, if thou do so.
9. Take thou of me smooth pillows, sweetest bed,
10. A chamber deaf to noise and blind to light,
11. A rosy garland and a weary head:
12. And if these things, as being thine by right,
13. Move not thy heavy grace, thou shalt in me,
14. Livelier than elsewhere, Stella’s image see.

Greek word (aster)mean star and Greek word (phil) mean lover, and the Latin word(Stella) mean star.
Astrophel is the star lover,and Stella is his star.

The poet: Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella is considered the

finest Elizabethan sonnet cycle. Who is remembered as one of the most prominent figures of the
Elizabethan age.He is the greatest Elizabethan sonneteer except Shakespeare. His finest achievement was
his connected sequence of 108 love sonnets

The speaker: The poem is written with the poet/lover as the speaker.

Brief Analysis: “Come Sleep, O Sleep” famous sonnet from Astrophil and Stella; Has a series of 108
sonnets. The theme is about desperate love by Sir Phillip Sidney. It is about both of the desire for sleep
and all the great things sleep can does. Due to a rejected emotional, the speaker feels desperate to regain
his emotions.

The Type of the poem : The sonnet is both Petrarchan and Elizabethan sonnet .

The theme: Despair and suffering.

The setting: The poem is set at a chamber of the speaker/poet.

Personification: line1: “come sleep” he personifies sleep as when he called someone to “come”
Line 5: the speaker ask sleep to shield him from despain
Line 6: the speaker calls the arrows”darts” fierce
Line 10: the speaker compare the large room” chamber” to blind person

Metaphor: line1: he compare the “certain knot of peace “ and bed

Line4: he compare the sleep to judge won doesn’t care if you low or high
Line6: he compare his lover rejected to a fierce darts

Rhyme scheme: abab abab cdcd ee

 “One day I wrote her name upon a strand” sonnet 75
By: Edmund Spenser

1. One day I wrote her name upon the strand;

2. But came the waves, and washed it away:
3. Again, I wrote it with a second hand;
4. But came the tide, and made my pains his prey. Vain man, said
5. she, that dost in vain assay
6. A mortal thing so to immortalize;
7. For I myself shall like to this decay,
8. And eke my name be wiped out likewise.
9. Not so, quoth I, let baser things devise
10. To die in dust, but you shall live by fame:
11. My verse your virtues rare shall eternize,
12. And in the heavens write your glorious name.
13. Where, when as death shall all the world subdue,
14. Our love shall live, and later life renew.

The poet: He was best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic poem celebrating the Tudor dynasty and
Elizabeth I. It was written in what came to be called the Spenserian stanza. He is considered one of the
greatest poets in the English language. He influenced poets such as;Lord Byron and Percy Byssh Shelley
in theRomantic period.

The speaker: The poem is written with the poet/lover as the speaker.

Brief speaker: “One Day I Wrote Her Name..” It is a Spenserian sonnet by Edmund Spenser , one of
Elizabethan poetry’s finest and brightest works. The theme is about immortal love. The speaker thinks
that his beloved can live forever through his poetry. His beloved disapproved him and thinks that
everything in the world including herself will die. But the beloved’s immortal love has been achieved
through this sonnet which is still exist.

The Type of the poem : This poem is a Spenserian sonnet, formed by three quatrains: a stanza of four
lines, and a couplet: a stanza of two lines.

The theme: immortal love

The setting: The poem is set at the sandy seashore.

Personification: line 1&2: he compares the heaven to person who can write\ he compare the waves to
person who washes something
Image: line 4: waves feeded on his pain

Metaphor: line2: the waves are a metaphor for life

Symbolizes: line2: the action of the waves symbolizes how time will be destroy all man-made things

Simile: line7: she use the word “like” to compare between her and the word in the sand, they all disappear
at the end
Paradox: line6: the word”mortal” mean the thing not living forever

Rhyme scheme: abab bcbc cdcd ee

Tone: confident and optimistic

 “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” Sonnet 18
By:William Shakespeare
1 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
2 Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
3 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
4 And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.
5 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
6 And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
7 And every fair from fair sometime declines,
8 By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed;
9 But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
10 Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,
11 Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,
12 When in eternal lines to Time thou grow'st.
13 So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
14 So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

The poet: is considered to be the greatest writer in the English language. He wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets. He married Anne Hathaway and had
two daughter one son. His father was a glove maker and trader. He was part of the acting group called the Lord chamberlain.

The speaker: The poem is written with the poet/lover as the speaker

Brief analysis: “Shall I Compare Thee To a Summer’s Day” It is a Shakespearian sonnet by William Shakespeare,
the speaker creates a comparison of his beloved which is praised in this sonnet to a day in summer.

The Type of the poem : is a typical Shakespearean sonnet quatrain: a stanza of four lines in a sonnet. couplet: a stanza of two lines

The theme: love

The setting: The poem is set at a field on a warm but breezy summer day.

Personification: line6: where his is used to referring to the sun

Metaphor: line5: is used to referring to the sun

Simile: line1: he compare his beloved to a summer days by using the word”compare”

Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg

 “The nymph’s replay to the shepherd”
By: sir Walter Raleigh

1. Time drives the flocks from field to fold,

2. When Rivers rage and Rocks grow cold, The message: Sir Walter Raleigh's "The Nymph's Reply to the
3. And Philomel becometh dumb,
4. The rest complains of cares to come. Shepherd" is a satiric reply to Christopher Marlowe's "The
5. The flowers do fade, and wanton fields, Passionate Shepherd to His Love." a reply showing that
6. To wayward winter reckoning yields,
7. A honey tongue, a heart of gall, beautiful things such love and nature don't last forever , they
8. Is fancy’s spring, but sorrow’s fall. are not eternal. They will eventually wither away or fade like
9. Thy gowns, thy shoes, thy beds of Roses,
10. Thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy posies spring, The poet uses several literary elements to support this
11. Soon break, soon wither, soon forgotten: central idea
12. In folly ripe, in reason rotten.
13. Thy belt of straw and Ivy buds,
14. The Coral clasps and amber studs,
15. All these in me no means can move
16. To come to thee and be thy love.
17. But could youth last, and love still breed,
18. Had joys no date, nor age no need,
19. Then these delights my mind might move
20. To live with thee, and be thy love.

The poet: the most notable poets of the Elizabethan era. One of the most politically powerful members of the court of
Queen Elizabeth I.

The speaker: The speaker is a young female nymph who rejects the shepherd’s proposal of love, of a life full of pleasures
in the middle of nature. She is rational woman who claims that earthly pleasures are doomed to decay and the beauty of
nature is mortal too.

Brief analysis: Short lyric poem, meant to be sung, it expresses the writer’s feelings. Belongs to paroral poetry about the
shepherds’ lives without mention of its difficulties. This poem is written be Sir Walter Raleigh
as a reply to Marlowe’s poem. Raleigh’s poem introduces the concepts of time and change, beautiful things such as love
and nature, do not last forever.

The Type of the poem: The poem is a short lyric..It belongs to paroral poetry. Paroral poetry: a poem dealing with the
lives of shepherds praising such a life without mention of its difficulties or problems.

The themes: rational love , mortal beauty of nature, the brevity of time.

Personification: Line 1: He compares the world and people to young human beings
Line 9: He compares flowers to people who die away.
Line 10: He compares the honey to a person’s tongue

Metaphor: line9: He compare the beds to beautiful roses

Apostrophe: the nymph addresses the missing shepherd who is wooing her.

Images: rocks grow cold fields yield to the harvest the flocks are driven to fold in winter rivers rage birds complain of
winter.
Allusion : Line 7: Philomel become the dumb He alludes to Philomel; a Greek mythical woman who had been
transformed to a nightingale
Symbol: Winter is a symbol of the harshness of nature

Rhyme scheme: aabb ccdd eeff gghh iibb jjbb

The diction: simple, musical. The tone: rational, logic

 “The sun rising”
By: John Donne

1. Busy old fool, unruly sun, 16. Look, and tomorrow late, tell me,
2. Why dost thou thus, 17. Whether both th' Indias of spice and mine
3. Through windows, and through curtains call on us? 18. Be where thou leftst them, or lie here with me.
4. Must to thy motions lovers' seasons run? 19. Ask for those kings whom thou saw'st yesterday,
5. Saucy pedantic wretch, go chide 20. And thou shalt hear, All here in one bed lay.
6. Late school boys and sour prentices, 21. She's all states, and all princes, I,
7. Go tell court huntsmen that the king will ride, 22. Nothing else is.
8. Call country ants to harvest offices, 23. Princes do but play us; compared to this,
9. Love, all alike, no season knows nor clime,
24. All honor's mimic, all wealth alchemy.
10. Nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time.
25. Thou, sun, art half as happy as we,
11. Thy beams, so reverend and strong
12. Why shouldst thou think? 26. In that the world's contracted thus.
13. I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink, 27. Thine age asks ease, and since thy duties be
14. But that I would not lose her sight so long; 28. To warm the world, that's done in warming us.
15. If her eyes have not blinded thine, 29. Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere;
30. This bed thy center is, these walls, thy sphere.

The poet: he one of the most innovative of the English poets. He was educated at both oxford and Cambridge
universities. As a preacher, Donne was known for his metaphorical style, knowledge and wit. He is considered
the representative of the metaphysical poets.

The speaker: The poem is written with the poet/lover as the speaker

Brief analysis: It is a metaphysical love Poem, by John Donne, deals with the theme
of love and how love is superior than the outside world. It is with
witty conceit.

The type of the poem: it’s a metaphysical poem

Theme: romantic and possessive

Personification: line1: he personifies the sun as a “busy old fool”

Line1: he asks why it is shining in and disturbing “why dost thou thus”
Line25: he personifies the sun as a happy person

Apostrophe: line1: he addresses the sun as if it were a human being who could replay

Allusion: line17: he alludes to the West Indies and east

Rhyme scheme: abba cdcd ee

Tone: philosophical

Diction: mocking, rational

 “On my first daughter”
By:Ben Jonson

1. Here lies, to each her parents’ ruth,

2. Mary, the daughter of their youth;
3. Yet all heaven’s gifts being heaven’s due,
4. It makes the father less to rue.
5. At six months’ end she parted hence
6. With safety of her innocence;
7. Whose soul heaven’s queen, whose name she bears,
8. In comfort of her mother’s tears,
9. Hath placed amongst her virgin-train:
10. Where, while that severed doth remain,
11. This grave partakes the fleshly birth;
12. Which cover lightly, gentle earth!

The poet: one of the most notable poets and playwrights of the Elizabethan era

The speaker: the speaker is the poet Ben Jonson himself

Brief analysis: It is an elegy poem, it expresses sorrow over someone’s death, written in couplet usually.
The speaker is Ben Jonson, he laments the loss of his infant daughter; Marry. His religious beliefs about
heaven, afterlife, help to relief himself from the impact of loss. He suggests that religion is meant to
comfort people.

The type of the poem: the poem is an elegy. It expresses sorrow over someone’s death, elegies were
usually written in couplets.

Theme: loss grief religion

The setting: is set at the gravesite of the speaker’s daughter

Rhyme scheme: aabbccddeeff

Tone: religious

Diction: sad, depressing

 “To virgins, to make much of time”
By:Robert Herrick

1. Gather ye rose-buds while ye may,

2. Old Time is still a-flying;
3. And this same flower that smiles today
4. Tomorrow will be dying.
5. The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun,
6. The higher he’s a-getting,
7. The sooner will his race be run,
8. And nearer he’s to setting.
9. That age is best which is the first,
10. When youth and blood are warmer;
11. But being spent, the worse, and worst
12. Times still succeed the former.
13. Then be not coy, but use your time,
14. And while ye may, go marry;
15. For having lost but once your prime,
16. You may forever tarry.

The poet: One of the most notable poets of the Mid seventeenth century. He had a remarkable impact on English Lyric poetry.

The speaker: the speaker addresses the “virgin”, is wasting her beauty if not marrying as sons as possible.

Brief analysis: It is a cavalier, and short lyric poem by the poet Robert Herrick, it is talking about “virgins”; any young unmarried woman, is
wasting her beauty if not marrying as soon as possible.

The type of the poem: it is a short lyric poem

Theme: time, beauty

Personification: line3: he personifies the “flower” as a human being who smile

Line4: he personifies the “flower” which means their beauty and youth, as a person who will dying and gone

Metaphor: line5: he compare the sun that light our world to a lamp that lights up our house
Line1: the rose-buds is a metaphor for beauty, youth age
Line 10: “warmer” is a metaphor for health and other things we associate with youth
Line8: “setting” is a metaphor for what appears to happen at the end of the day

Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef ghgh

Tone: rational

Diction: simple, musical

The massage: beauty young women should make the best of their passion, because the prime of their beauty will fade away, they will become
old.
 “When I consider how my light is spent”
By: John Milton

1. When I consider how my light is spent,

2. Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide,
3. And that one Talent which is death to hide
4. Lodged with me useless, though my Soul more bent
5. To serve therewith my Maker, and present
6. My true account, lest he returning chide;
7. “Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?”
8. I fondly ask. But patience, to prevent
9. That murmur, soon replies, “God doth not need
10. Either man’s work or his own gifts; who best
11. Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state
12. Is Kingly. Thousands at his bidding speed
13. And post o’er Land and Ocean without rest:
14. They also serve who only stand and wait.”

The speaker: the speaker faces as a blind person

Brief analysis: Petrarchan sonnet by John Milton, describes the speaker’s meditation on his blindness. It
expresses his fear about if his blindness caused wasting his talent to write poetry and not serving God.

The setting: It may have been written as early as 1652, or 1655, when Milton's blindness was essentially
complete.

The Type of the poem: It is a Petrarchan or Italian sonnet rhymed abbaabbacdecde; Petrarchan sonnets
usually deal with themes of love and emotions. Milton uses this form to discuses a religious theme.

The themes: loss grief religion

Rhyme scheme: abba abba cde cde

Tone: simple

Diction: humble
 “The flower”
By:George Herbert

The Speaker: In “The flower,” the speaker is the poet George Herbert himself.

Brief analysis: A lyric poem, The speaker George Herbert reflects on his relationship
with God while meditating on nature, flowers and the cycle of seasons.
He expressed his gratitude to God on renewing the beauty of the world.

The Type of the poem: the poem is a lyric . It expresses the speaker’s meditation on the change of seasons
/cycle of nature and how that change impacts his vision on life and the his relationship with God

The themes: Beauty of nature, faith, brevity of life

The setting: the poem is set at nature

Personification: This grave partakes the fleshly birth; Which cover lightly, gentle earth!

Metaphor: Line 8-9 He compares himself to a flower that shivers in winter and blossom in winter,

Apostrophe:The poet addresses the flower as if it were a human being who could reply

Symbol: The “spring “ is a season of God’s grace.

“Winter” is a symbol of God’s anger.
“garden” symbolizes heaven

Rhyme scheme: It is a seven stanza poem of seven lines each , in consistent rhyme scheme of ababccb.

Tone: joyful

Diction: religious
The renaissance movement: it is a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century,
beginning in Florence in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe.

Humanism: the revival of human life experience

The renaissance period: -Tudor period -Elizabethan period -Jacobean period -Caroline period

Elizabethan poets: -sir Philip Sidney -Edmund Spenser -William Shakespeare

Tudor poets: -sir Thomas Wyatt -Henry Howard -Earl of Surrey

Cavalier poets: -Robert Herrick -John Milton -sir suckling

Elizabethan poetry: -golden age in English history -the age of Shakespeare

Types of sonnets: 1-Petrarchan 2-Spenserian 3-Shakespearean

The Petrarchan sonnet consists of an octave and a sestet rhyming abba abba cdecde or cdcdcd

The Spenserian consists of three quatrains and a couplet rhyming abab bcbc ee

The Shakespearean similar to the Spenserian sonnet,which falls into three quatrains and a couplet but has
a different rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg

Metaphysical poetry: is concerned with the whole experience of man, but the intelligence, learning and
seriousness of the poet means that the poetry is about the profound areas of experience especially about
love and relationship with god

metaphysical (Adjective) Immaterial, supersensual, not physical.

The Greek prefix "meta-" (beyond) / "physical" : ( nature), a synonym to the word "supernatural."

“Metaphysical poetry” refers to an idea, or reality outside human sense perception.

• Metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of
English lyric poets of the 17th century.

• Whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits and by speculation about topics such as
love or religion.

• These poets where not formally affiliated; most of them did not even know one another or read one
another’s work.

• Their style was characterized by wit and metaphysical conceits— far- fetched or unusual similes or
metaphors such as in Donne’s description of the effects of absence on lovers to the action of a pair of
compasses.
The conceit: is a literary device that was popular in the seventeenth century . It is an extended metaphor ;
an unusual comparison between two very dissimilar things using witty and argument

The cavalier poets: were members of the aristocracy was a school of English poets of the 17th century, It
came from the classes that supported King Charles I during the English Civil War (1642–1651). who was
Cavalier Poets later executed as a result of a civil war

Definition of cavalier: 1- a gentleman trained in arms and horsemanship 2- a mounted soldier: knight

The different between metaphysical poetry and cavalier poetry:

Metaphysical Poetry : -A conceit is used , bringing together two vastly different ideas into a single idea
-The theme is emphasised by fantastic metaphors and hyperbole -Sensuality is blended with philosophy ;
passion with intellect - The form is often an argument of some sort -There is often some reference to
religion

Cavalier Poetry : -Was not intended to reflect the times of the age but to celebrate joy and gratification ,
e.g. love , beauty , drinking , honour and time -The poems were written as light and polished verse ,
usually as songs - Most had classical or allegorical references -They were intended to promote the crown
or amuse the court -They were often romantic , bordering on erotic

Poetry: Literary work which is the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style
and rhythm.
Epic: a narrative poem dealing with heroic deeds and the adventure of hero
Elegy: a poem of lament or grave meditation
Didactic verse: poetry that aims to teach
Ballad: a short simple narrative poem composed to be sung
Lyric: a poem meant to be sung and expressing the writer’s personal feelings
Metaphysical poetry: seventeenth century poetry of Donne, Herbert and others. The term is
applied to their intellectual poetry and far-fetched images.
Neo-classical: describes the work of early eighteenth-century poets
Ode: An ode is a type of lyrical stanza. It is an elaborately structured poem praising or glorifying
an event or individual, describing nature intellectually as well as emotionally.
Paroral poetry: a poem dealing with the lives of shepherds praising such a life without mention
of its difficulties or problems.
Sonnet: a poem of 14 iambic pentameter lines, divided into an octave and a sestet, with a
prescribed rhyme-scheme and concerned with a single thought or emotion.
Petrarchan sonnet: It includes two stanzas: an octave, or eight lines, and a sestet, or six lines.
They can alternatively be written in three stanzas with two quatrains, or four lines each, and a
sestet.. The rhyme scheme of abba abba cdcd ee
Shakespearian sonnet: a poem of 14 lines divided into 3 quatrains and a couplet rhyming abab,
cdcd,efef,gg.
Romantic: a term used to describe poetry that was written in the first years of 19th century by
Wordsworth. concern with common life a description of nature, personal experience and
feelings, subjective rather than objective.
Image: a physical representation of a person, animal, or thing that appeals to the senses and is
open to symbolic interpretation
Metaphor: a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two things without using a
comparative device such as; “like, as” e.g.
Simile: a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two things using a comparative
device such as; “like, as” e.g. ““she is like a rose.”
Personification: a figure of speech which gives humans qualities to an abstract idea e.g. “O
moon”
Symbol: a figure of speech; image or a word that represents or stands for something else,
especially a material object representing something abstract. “The dove is a symbol of peace.”
“A red rose,” or the color red, stands for love or romance.
Onomatopoeia: the use of words that imitate the sound of a thing. e.g. “hiss, buzz”
Apostrophe: when a poem's speaker addresses a person who is absent or an animal or inanimate
object.
Alliteration: the first consonant sound of several words in a line.
Consonant: refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase. e.g.
“sun and some, more and move”
Rhyme: the repetition of the same sounds at the ends of lines in a poem
Rhythm: music of the lines
Meter: meter is a poetic device that serves as a sound pattern and it gives poetry a musical sound
e.g. iambic, spondee
iambic tetrameter is a meter in poetry. It refers to a line consisting of four iambic feet. The word
"tetrameter" simply means that there are four feet in the line; iambic tetrameter is a line
comprising four iambs
Stanza: a group of lines in a poem
Heroic couplet: a foot consists of two syllables the first is unstressed and the second is stressed.
Couplet: a stanza of two lines rhyming together
Quatrain: a stanza of four lines
Refrain: one or more phrases or lines repeated at the end of a stanza
Sestet: a stanza of six lines
Octave: a stanza of eight lines in a sonnet.
Poetic diction: a special language for poetry
Theme: the general idea of a poem e.g. nature, love, death, war.
Tone: the poet’s attitude towards the theme.
Mood is the feeling created by the poet for the reader e.g. romantic, realistic, optimistic
Allusion : Allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical,
cultural, literary or political significance.