Past Papers Linguistics (2004 - 2019) | M.A.

English Part
II (PU) | Eureka Study Aids
1. Year 2004
Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. Compare structuralism with functionalism while highlighting the
prominent features of the said linguistic movements.
2. Write a detailed note on psycholinguistics.
3. (a) Explain manners of articulation with examples.
(b) Transcribe the following pinpointing the primary stress.
Exclusion, Citation, Demonstrate, Appreciate, Avoid.
4. (a) Discuss phrase structure grammar in detail.
(b) Draw P-Maker for the following sentence: All students will study
Linguistics.
5. Describe the concept of morph and discuss its different types with
examples.
6. Explain semantic field theory.
7. Write notes on TWO of the following:
(i) Componential Analysis
(ii) Generativism
(iii) Segmental phonology
(iv) Comparative Linguistics

2. Year 2005
Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. The sign is the central fact of language. Discuss in detail with
reference to structuralism.
2. Write a comprehensive note on standards and vernaculars.
3. (a) Explain English short vowels in relation to the cardinal vowels.
(b) Transcribe the following primary stress according to the
grammatical use.
(i) Accent (verb)
(ii) Contest (noun)
(iii) Decrease (verb)
(iv) Export (noun)
(v) Increase (verb)
4. (a) Discuss phrase structure grammar in detail.
(b) Draw tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Markers;
The exercise in the book is very easy.
5. What is lexical semantics? What role do sense relations play in
lexical semantics? Discuss in detail.
6. What are the causes of language change? Discuss them with
reference to English Language.
7. Write notes on TWO of the following;
(i) Language and Speech
(ii) Manners of Articulation
(iii) Morphology
(iv) Comparative Linguistics

3. Year 2006
Attempt FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. How is human language different from animal communication?
Discuss its characteristics.
2. Write a detailed note on Psycho-linguistics.
3. (a) Explain manners of articulation with examples
(b) Identify voiceless consonants in the following words;
Left, Station, Vanished, Insurance, Cheque.
4. 'The vocabulary of a language consists of many interrelating
networks of relations between word'. Discuss the above statement
with reference to semantic field theory.
5. (a) Why is TG the most influential theory of linguistics in modern
times? Discuss in detail.
(b) Draw a tree diagram of the following giving P-markers: I am proud
of the painting.
6. (a) How do you differentiate between inflectional and derivational
morphology. Discuss giving examples for each.
(b) List 'the bound' morphemes in the following words:
Sweetness, Friendless, Unreal, Employment, Preface
7. Write notes on TWO of the following:
(i) Language - Acquisition
(ii) Language and Culture
(iii) Why Study Grammar
8. Transcribe the following words;
Are, cook, hoil, no, now, chips, bead, out, ask, dress, trap, has.

4. Year 2007
Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. Write a note that language is based on the culture and convention
of the people who speak it.
2. Write a note on psycholinguistics.
3. Explain the places and manner of articulation. Also tell how voicing
takes place.
4. (a) What do you know about phrase structure grammar? Discuss in
detail.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Marker:
The teacher marked him absent.
5. Discuss briefly the major semantic theories.
6. Morphology is the study of the rules governing the internal structure
of the words and the international that exits among them. Discuss.
7. Write notes on TWO of the following:
(i) Why Study Grammar?
(ii) First Language Acquisition
(iv) Historical Linguistics

5. Year 2008
Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. What is language? Discuss some of the characteristics of language.
2. Write a detailed note on sociolinguistics.
3. What the the weak forms? Explain them with the help of examples
from R.P.
4. (a) Discuss in detail the IC analysis highlighting its main feature.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence give P-Markers:
What is your name?
5. Write a detailed note on Componential Analysis.
6. What do you know about Structuralism? Discuss.
7. Write notes on any TWO of the following:
(i) Historical Linguistics
(ii) English Short Vowels
(iii) Code - Switching
(iv) Generative Grammar

6. Year 2009
Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. 'Linguistics is the scientific study of grammar'. Elaborate on the
statement with your understanding of the study of language.
2. Write a note on psycholinguistics.
3. Explain in detail the manners of articulation of English consonant
sounds.
4. (a) What is IC analysis? Discuss its major flaws.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Markers:
The young teacher taught the young and intelligent students.
5. What is componential analysis? Explain with examples.
6. What contribution can the study of (a) language -- acquisition and
(b) pidgins and creoles make to historical linguistics?
7. Write notes on TWO of the following:
(i) Synchronic VS Diachronic Point of View in Linguistics
(ii) Cardinal Vowels
(iii) Morphology
(iv) Generativism

7. Year 2010
Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. Discuss in detail the different branches of linguistics and their
scope.
2. Write a note on psycholinguistics.
3. Write a detailed note on places and manner of articulation of
English consonants.
4. Discuss briefly the major semantic theories.
5. (a) What is phrase structure grammar? In what ways is it an
improvement on IC analysis? Discuss.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Marker:
I quite quickly drew the picture. OR
Give function labels and form labels for each of the words in the
following sentence and also put them in phrase brackets:
Our students are very intelligent.
6. What did the linguist Ferdinand de Saussure contribute to the study
of modern linguistics. Discuss.
7. Write notes on TWO of the following:
(i) Bilingualism
(ii) Language and Culture
(iii) Morphology
(iv) Transcribe the following:
(a) a cup of tea
(b) bread and butter
(c) a fly in the ointment
(d) grapes are sour
(e) hand in glove with

8. Year 2011
Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. Identify those features of linguistics which qualify it to classified as a
'science'. Support with examples.
2. Write a comprehensive note on sociolinguistics and its significance.
3. Discuss and describe the English Consonants of RP in terms of
their manner and place of articulation.
4. Discuss in detail the major semantic theories.
5 (a) How is Transformational Generative Grammar different from IC
analysis and phrase structure grammar. Explain with suitable
examples.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Marker"
They have been reading this book for three days.
6. Briefly trace the growth and development of historical linguistics.
7. Write notes on any TWO of the following:
(i) Language Acquisition
(ii) Voicing
(iii) Bilingualism
(iv) Morphology

9. Year 2012
Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. What is linguistics? Discuss how different levels of linguistics are
linked to each other?
2. Discuss in detail the functions of various articulators with the help of
examples.
3. What is the difference between the prescriptive and descriptive
approaches of grammar?
4. Describe RP consonants with the help of manner and place of
articulation.
5. (a) How does Transformational Generative Grammar answer
questions left unanswered by structuralists? Explain with the help of
examples.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Marker:
The students respect their teachers everywhere in Pakistan.
6. What is Semantics? Describe some types of meaning.
Write notes on any TWO of the following:
(i) Phrase Structure Grammar
(ii) Synchronic and Diachronic Approaches
(iii) English RP Long Vowels
(iv) English Plosives

10. Year 2013

Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. Discuss the major differences and similarities between Descriptive
and Prescriptive Linguistics.
2. What are some advantages and disadvantages of Bilingualism as a
phenomenon.
3. Explain English diphthongs with reference to the cardinal vowel
system.
4. (a) What are the characteristics of Phrase Structure Grammar.
Explain with the help of examples.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Marker:
The house has a beautiful garden and driveway.
5. What is Structural Semantics? Explain with the help of examples.
6. Discuss Synchronic and Diachronic approaches.
7. Write notes on any TWO of the following:
(i) Homonymy and Polysemy
(ii) English RP Consonants
(iii) Voicing
(iv) Multilingualism

11. Year 2014

Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. How is human language different from animal communication?
2. Write a detailed description of Psycholinguistics.
3. Describe in detail the fricatives, affricates and plosives of RP with
reference to manner and place of articulation.
4. (a) What is I.C. Analysis? Discuss its major flaws.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Maker:
The man is waiting outside the dentist's office.
5. How do the concepts of homonymy and synonymy aid in
Componential Analysis?
6. Discuss some of the Stylistic devices in language which are used to
produce expressive or literary style.
7. Write notes on any TWO of the following:
(i) Diphthongs
(ii) Bilingualism
(iii) Morphology
(iv) The Cardinal Vowel System

12. Year 2015

Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. How can the study of Linguistics provide a better insight into
language and Literary studies?
2. Explain the disciplines of Psycho-linguistics and Socio-linguistics.
3. Describe in detail RP long and short vowels.
4. (i) What is I.C. analysis? Discuss its major flaws.
(ii) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Markers:
He leaned against a large shady tree.
5. Discuss semantic theories in detail.
6. What are the major component of Stylistic analysis?
7. Write notes on any TWO of the following:
(i) Diphthongs
(ii) Syntax
(iii) PR Fricatives
(iv) Semantics

13. Year 2016

Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. What is language? What are its chief characteristics? Discuss.
2. Critically examin sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics as branches
of linguistics.
3. How does morphology help us to understand the structural analysis
of words? Give your understanding of the topic.
4. Write a detailed note on historical linguistics.
5. (a) What is phrase structure grammar? Discuss its major flaws. (20)
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Marker:
Ali was reading the letter to the class yesterday. (05)
6. What is semantic field theory? How does it differ from componential
analysis?
7. Write notes on TWO of the following:
(i) Stylistics
(ii) Code Switching
(iii) Descriptive vs. Pescriptive Linguistics
(iv) Bilingualism

14. Year 2017

Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. What is language? Explain the major characteristics of language.
2. Sociolinguistics studies the relationship between language and
society. Explain.
3. Discuss the articulators and the concept of voicing.
4. (a) What do you know about phrase structurs grammar? Discuss in
detail.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Marker:
The teacher reprimanded him for his rudeness.
5. Discuss briefly the major semantic theories.
6. Morphology is the study of the rules governing the internal structure
of the words and the interrelationships that exits among them.
Discuss.
7. Write notes on TWO of the following:
(i) Why study grammar?
(ii) Lexicography and Dictionary
(iii) Code Switching
(iv) Historical Linguistics
15. Year 2018
Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. What is linguistics? What are the advantages of studying
linguistics?
2. How does the study of sociolinguistics help us understand the
society we live in? Discuss in detail.
3. What do you know about morphology of English language?
Discuss.
4. Discuss the place and atriculation of RP consonants.
5. (a) How is Transformational Generative Grammar different from
phrase structure grammar? Explain with suitable examples.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence giving P-Markers:
The child in the pink sweater fell off the swing.
6. Briefly trace out the growth and development of historical linguistics.
7. Write notes on TWO of the following:
(i) Difference between Langue and Parole
(ii) Any two Semant Theories
(iii) Bilingualism
(iv) Braches of Phonetics

16. Year 2019

Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. What is language? Discuss the major properties of human language
in detail.
2. "Speech sounds can be identified in terms of their articulation
properties". Discuss this statement in relation to the manner of
articulation of consonants.
3. Different articulators take part in the production of speech sounds.
Discuss these articulators in detail. Support your answer with the help
of diagram.
4. Write a comprehensive note on Sociolinguistics and its significance.
5. (a) Phrase structure rules allow us to generate a very large number
of sentencs with small number of rules. Elaborate with the help of
suitable examples.
(b) Draw a tree diagram for the following sentenc giving P-Markers.
We looked through my grandmother's old photo albums.
6. Write a detailed note on historical linguistics.
7. Write notes on TWO of the following.
(i) Stylistics
(ii) Articulatory & Auditory Phonetics
(iii) Code Switching
(iv) Free & Bound Morphemes