A.

2 Simulation Code

# CN 0.0.0
# |
# R1 1.0.0
# /|\
# /|\
# / | \
# R2 R3 R4
#
# 2.0.0 3.0.0 4.0.0
#
# MN1-------------->
# 2.0.1
#

#read arguments
set seed 5555
Mac/802_16 set scan_iteration_ 2
set use_going_down 1

if {$use_going_down == 1} {
Mac/802_16 set lgd_factor_ 1.1
} else {
Mac/802_16 set lgd_factor_ 1.0
}

Mac/802_16 set scan_duration_ 4

Mac/802_16 set interleaving_interval_ 6
Mac/802_16 set dcd_interval_ 5 ;#max 10s
Mac/802_16 set ucd_interval_ 1 ;#max 10s
set default_modulation OFDM_16QAM_3_4 ;#OFDM_BPSK_1_2
set contention_size 5 ;#for initial ranging and bw
Mac/802_16 set t21_timeout_ 0.02 ;#max 10s, to replace the timer for looking at
preamble
Mac/802_16 set client_timeout_ 0.007

Mac/802_16 set lost_ulmap_interval_ 0.76

#define frequency of RA at base station

Agent/ND set minRtrAdvInterval_ 0
Agent/ND set maxRtrAdvInterval_ 10
Agent/ND set router_lifetime_ 250
Agent/ND set minDelayBetweenRA_ 0.03
Agent/ND set maxRADelay_ 0.005

#define debug values

Agent/ND set debug_ 1
Agent/ND set send-RS 1
Agent/MIH set debug_ 1
Mac/802_16 set debug_ 0
Agent/MIHUser/IFMNGMT/MIPV6 set debug_ 1
Agent/MIHUser/IFMNGMT/MIPV6/Handover/Handover1 set debug_ 1

# Handover
Agent/MIHUser/IFMNGMT/MIPV6/Handover/Handover1 set case_ 3

#define coverage area for base station:

#default frequency 3.5e+9 hz
Phy/WirelessPhy set Pt_ 15
Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_ 1.215e-09 ;#500m coverage
Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ [expr 0.8 *[Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_]]

# Parameter for wireless nodes

set opt(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# channel type
set opt(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model
set opt(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy/OFDM ;# network interface type
set opt(mac) Mac/802_16 ;# MAC type
set opt(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type
set opt(ll) LL ;# link layer type
set opt(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model
set opt(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq
set opt(adhocRouting) NOAH ;# routing protocol
set opt(nbMN) 1 ;# number of Mobile Nodes
set opt(nbBS) 3 ;# number of base stations
set opt(x) 3000 ;# X dimension of the topography
set opt(y) 3000 ;# Y dimension of the topography
set opt(mnSender) 1

#Rate at which the nodes start moving

set moveStart 1.0
set moveStop 179.0
#Speed of the mobile nodes (m/sec)
set moveSpeed 10

#destination of the MN
set X_dst 2999.0
set Y_dst 1310
#defines function for flushing and closing files
proc finish {} {
global ns tf f0 f1 f2
$ns flush-trace
close $f0
close $f1
close $f2
close $tf
# exec xgraph out0.tr -geometry 800x400 &
# exec xgraph out1.tr -geometry 800x400 &
# exec xgraph out2.tr -geometry 800x400 &
exit 0
}

#create the simulator

set ns [new Simulator]
$ns use-newtrace

#create the topography

set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $opt(x) $opt(y)

#open file for trace

set tf [open out.res w]
set namtrace [open out.nam w]
$ns trace-all $tf
$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $opt(x) $opt(y)

#**********
set f0 [open out0.tr w] ;#for the 1st BS
set f1 [open out1.tr w] ;#for the 2nd BS
set f2 [open out2.tr w] ;#for the 3rd BS
#**********

# set up for hierarchical routing (needed for routing over a basestation)

$ns node-config -addressType hierarchical
AddrParams set domain_num_ 9 ;# domain number

AddrParams set cluster_num_ {1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1} ;# cluster number for each domain

lappend tmp 1 ;# router CN
lappend tmp 1 ;# router 1
lappend tmp 3 ;# 802.16 MNs+BS
lappend tmp 3 ;# 802.16 MNs+BS
lappend tmp 3 ;# 802.16 MNs+BS
lappend tmp 1 ;# MultifaceNode
lappend tmp 1 ;# MultifaceNode
lappend tmp 1 ;# MultifaceNode
lappend tmp 1 ;# MultifaceNode
AddrParams set nodes_num_ $tmp

# Node address for router0 and router1 are 4 and 5, respectively.

set CN [$ns node 0.0.0]
$CN install-default-ifmanager
set router1 [$ns node 1.0.0]

# connect links
$ns duplex-link $router1 $CN 100MBit 30ms DropTail 1000

# Create God
create-god [expr ($opt(nbMN) + $opt(nbBS))] ;

# Create multi-interface node

$ns node-config -multiIf ON

for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nbBS)} {incr i} {
set multiFaceNode($i) [$ns node [expr 5+$i].0.0]
}

set multiFaceNode_wl [$ns node [expr 5+$opt(nbBS)].0.0]

$ns node-config -multiIf OFF

#creates the Access Point (Base station)

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \
-llType $opt(ll) \
-macType $opt(mac) \
-ifqType $opt(ifq) \
-ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \
-antType $opt(ant) \
-propType $opt(prop) \
-phyType $opt(netif) \
-channel [new $opt(chan)] \
-topoInstance $topo \
-wiredRouting ON \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-movementTrace OFF
# configure each Base station 802.16
for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nbBS) } {incr i} {
Mac/802_16 set debug_ 1
set bstation($i) [$ns node [expr 2+$i].0.0]
$bstation($i) random-motion 0

# if {$i == 1} {
# $bstation($i) set X_ 1091.515
# $bstation($i) set Y_ 600
#}

#if {$i == 2} {
# $bstation($i) set X_ 1250

# $bstation($i) set Y_ 1200

#}

#if {$i == 0} {
# $bstation($i) set X_ 1250
# $bstation($i) set Y_ 800
#}

$bstation($i) set X_ [expr 500 + $i*750]

$bstation($i) set Y_ 1000.0

$bstation($i) set Z_ 0.0

set clas($i) [new SDUClassifier/Dest]

[$bstation($i) set mac_(0)] add-classifier $clas($i)
#set the scheduler for the node. Must be changed to -shed [new $opt(sched)]
set bs_sched($i) [new WimaxScheduler/BS]
$bs_sched($i) set-default-modulation $default_modulation
$bs_sched($i) set-contention-size 5
[$bstation($i) set mac_(0)] set-scheduler $bs_sched($i)
[$bstation($i) set mac_(0)] set-channel [expr $i*2]

#add MOB_SCN handler

set wimaxctrl($i) [new Agent/WimaxCtrl]
$wimaxctrl($i) set-mac [$bstation($i) set mac_(0)]
$ns attach-agent $bstation($i) $wimaxctrl($i)

puts "Bstation: tcl=$bstation($i); id=[$bstation($i) id]; addr=[$bstation($i) node-addr]

X=[expr 500.0 + $i*750.0] Y=1000.0"
}

$wimaxctrl(0) add-neighbor [$bstation(1) set mac_(0)] $bstation(1)

$wimaxctrl(1) add-neighbor [$bstation(2) set mac_(0)] $bstation(2)
$wimaxctrl(1) add-neighbor [$bstation(0) set mac_(0)] $bstation(0)
$wimaxctrl(2) add-neighbor [$bstation(1) set mac_(0)] $bstation(1)

# creation of the mobile nodes

$ns node-config -wiredRouting OFF \
-macTrace ON ;# Mobile
nodes cannot do routing.

for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nbBS)} {incr i} {

#create 1 node in each cell to init cells
Mac/802_16 set debug_ 1
set m_node_($i) [$ns node [expr 2+$i].0.1]
$m_node_($i) random-motion 0 ;# disable random
motion
$m_node_($i) base-station [AddrParams addr2id [$bstation($i) node-addr]] ;#attach mn to
basestation

# if {$i == 1} {
# $m_node_($i) set X_ 1091.515
# $m_node_($i) set Y_ 600
# }

# if {$i == 2} {
# $m_node_($i) set X_ 1250
# $m_node_($i) set Y_ 1200
# }

# if {$i == 0} {
# $m_node_($i) set X_ 1250
# $m_node_($i) set Y_ 800
# }

$m_node_($i) set X_ [expr 500.0 + $i*750.0]

$m_node_($i) set Y_ 1000.0
$m_node_($i) set Z_ 0.0

set clas_mn($i) [new SDUClassifier/Dest]

[$m_node_($i) set mac_(0)] add-classifier $clas_mn($i)
#set the scheduler for the node. Must be changed to -shed [new $opt(sched)]
set ss_sched($i) [new WimaxScheduler/SS]
[$m_node_($i) set mac_(0)] set-scheduler $ss_sched($i)
[$m_node_($i) set mac_(0)] set-channel [expr $i*2]
#add the interfaces to supernode
$multiFaceNode($i) add-interface-node $m_node_($i)

puts "InitNode: tcl=$m_node_($i); id=[$m_node_($i) id]; addr=[$m_node_($i) node-addr]

X=[expr 500.0 + $i*750.0] Y=1000.0"
}

#configure the MOBILE NODE

Mac/802_16 set debug_ 1
set wl_node [$ns node 2.0.2] ;# create the node
with given @.
$wl_node random-motion 0 ;# disable random motion
$wl_node base-station [AddrParams addr2id [$bstation(0) node-addr]] ;# attach mn to
basestation
$wl_node set X_ 500.0
$wl_node set Y_ 1310
$wl_node set Z_ 0.0
set clas_wl [new SDUClassifier/Dest]
[$wl_node set mac_(0)] add-classifier $clas_wl
#set the scheduler for the node. Must be changed to -shed [new $opt(sched)]
set ss_sched_wl [new WimaxScheduler/SS]
[$wl_node set mac_(0)] set-scheduler $ss_sched_wl
[$wl_node set mac_(0)] set-channel 0
$multiFaceNode_wl add-interface-node $wl_node
puts "Mobile Node: tcl=$wl_node; id=[$wl_node id]; addr=[$wl_node node-addr] X=500.0 Y=1000.0"

# add link to backbone

for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nbBS) } {incr i} {
# add link to backbone
$ns duplex-link $bstation($i) $router1 100MBit 15ms DropTail 1000
}

# configure each Base station 802.16

for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nbBS) } {incr i} {
set nd_bs($i) [$bstation($i) install-nd]
$nd_bs($i) set-router TRUE
$nd_bs($i) router-lifetime 250
$ns at 1 "$nd_bs($i) start-ra"
set mih_bs($i) [$bstation($i) install-mih]
set tmp2($i) [$bstation($i) set mac_(0)] ;#in 802.16 one interface is created
$tmp2($i) mih $mih_bs($i)
$mih_bs($i) add-mac $tmp2($i)
}

# configure each MN 802.16

for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nbBS)} {incr i} {
set nd_mn($i) [$m_node_($i) install-nd]
set handover($i) [new Agent/MIHUser/IFMNGMT/MIPV6/Handover/Handover1]
$nd_mn($i) set-ifmanager $handover($i)
$multiFaceNode($i) install-ifmanager $handover($i)

# install MIH in multi-interface node

set mih($i) [$multiFaceNode($i) install-mih]
set nd_mn($i) [$m_node_($i) install-nd]
$handover($i) connect-mih $mih($i)
set tmp3($i) [$m_node_($i) set mac_(0)]
$handover($i) nd_mac $nd_mn($i) $tmp3($i)
$tmp3($i) mih $mih($i)
$mih($i) add-mac $tmp3($i)
}

set nd_mn_wl [$wl_node install-nd]

set handover_wl [new Agent/MIHUser/IFMNGMT/MIPV6/Handover/Handover1]
$multiFaceNode_wl install-ifmanager $handover_wl
$nd_mn_wl set-ifmanager $handover_wl

#***********************
proc record {} {
global sink0 sink1 sink2 f0 f1 f2
set ns [Simulator instance]
#Set the time after which the procedure should be called again
set time 0.001
#How many bytes have been received by the traffic sinks?
set bw0 [$sink0 set npkts_]
set bw1 [$sink1 set bytes_]
# set bw2 [$sink2 set bytes_]
#Get the current time
set now [$ns now]
#Calculate the bandwidth (in Mbit/s) and write it to the files
puts $f0 "$now [expr $bw0]" ;# /$time*8/1000000]"
puts $f1 "$now [expr $bw1]" ;# /$time*8/1000000]"
# puts $f2 "$now [expr $bw2]" ;# /$time*8/1000000]"
#Reset the bytes_ values on the traffic sinks
# $sink0 set bytes_ 0
$sink1 set bytes_ 0
# $sink2 set bytes_ 0
#Re-schedule the procedure
$ns at [expr $now+$time] "record"
}
#***************************
# install MIH in multi-interface node
set mih_wl [$multiFaceNode_wl install-mih]
$handover_wl connect-mih $mih_wl
set tmp_wl [$wl_node set mac_(0)]
$handover_wl nd_mac $nd_mn_wl $tmp_wl
$tmp_wl mih $mih_wl
$mih_wl add-mac $tmp_wl

#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0

set udp_ [new Agent/UDP]
$udp_ set packetSize_ 1500

set quiet 0

if {$quiet == 0} {
puts "udp on node : $udp_"
}

# Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0

set cbr_ [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr_ set packetSize_ 1500
$cbr_ set interval_ 0.01
$cbr_ attach-agent $udp_

# Create the Null agent to sink traffic

set null_ [new Agent/Null]

if { $opt(mnSender) == 1} {
#CN is receiver
$ns attach-agent $CN $null_

#Multiface node is transmitter

$multiFaceNode_wl attach-agent $udp_ $wl_node
$handover_wl add-flow $udp_ $null_ $wl_node 1 2000.
} else {
#Multiface node is receiver
$multiFaceNode_wl attach-agent $null_ $wl_node
$handover_wl add-flow $null_ $udp_ $wl_node 1 2000.

#CN is transmitter
$ns attach-agent $CN $udp_
}

#******************
#Create three traffic sinks and attach them to the nodes
set sink0 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink1 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
#set sink2 [new Agent/LossMonitor]

$ns attach-agent $bstation(0) $sink0

$ns attach-agent $bstation(1) $sink1
#$ns attach-agent $bstation(2) $sink2

$ns connect $sink0 $udp_

$ns connect $sink1 $udp_
#$ns connect $sink2 $udp_
#******************

#Start the recording of the received bandwidth

$ns at 0.0 "record"

#Start the application 1sec before the MN is entering the WiMAX cell
$ns at [expr $moveStart - 1] "$cbr_ start"

#Stop the application according to another poisson distribution (note that we don't leave the
802.16 cell)
$ns at [expr $moveStop + 1] "$cbr_ stop"

#calculate the speed of the node

$ns at $moveStart "$wl_node setdest $X_dst $Y_dst $moveSpeed"
$ns at $moveStop "finish"
puts "Running simulation for $opt(nbMN) mobile nodes..."
$ns run
puts "Simulation done."