ELECTRONICS

LABORATORY

DC Power Supply Circuits

Course – Section : _ ECE20L-2_E06

Group Number :

Group Members :

Date : April 5, 2021

Grade :

Remarks :

Course Instructor : Prof: Julius Sese

Introduction:

The purpose of this activity is to demonstrate the operation of a half-wave rectifier, a full wave
bridge rectifier, a capacitor filter, and the use of the Zener diode as a voltage regulator.

Let us use the LTSPICE to run simulations and determine the characteristics of dc power supply
circuits. Here is a link about ‘Getting Started with LTSPICE’:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/getting-started-with-ltspice/all

Part 1: Rectifier

1.1 Connect the circuit of Half-Wave Rectifier in Figure 1.1 using the LTSPICE tool.

Figure 1.1. Half-Wave Rectifier for LTSPICE Simulation.

1.2 Run the simulation. Plot the waveform of input voltage V1 and the output voltage across
resistor R1. Take a photo of simulation waveforms and place it in Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2. Input and Output Waveforms of Half-Wave Rectifier.

 1.3 Reverse the direction of diode D1. Run the simulation again. Plot the waveform of input
voltage V1 and the output voltage across resistor R1. Take a photo of simulation waveforms
and place it in Figure 1.3.

Figure 1.3. Input and Output Waveforms of Half-Wave Rectifier with Diode in Reverse
Direction.

Write your observations for the simulation.

Given the reenactment of the two half-wave rectifiers, each of the schematics' voltage inputs are
identical in their waveforms and both adjust when estimating the voltage around the resistor. The
arrangement of the diode makes the difference, the voltage input is from positive half-cycle to
negative half wave, When the diode is associated forward way or associated, at the positive half-
wave input, the voltage yield is positive at around >4V which is lower than the voltage contribution
as the info voltage continues to negative half-wave input, the voltage out is zero. as one of the
diodes are forward one-sided while the other is backward predisposition, bringing about various
bearing of waves when reproduced.
1.4 Connect the circuit of Full-Wave Rectifier in Figure 1.4 in LTSPICE tool.

Figure 1.4. Bridge-type Full-Wave Rectifier for LTSPICE Simulation.

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LABORATORY

PAGE 1.5 Run the simulation. Plot the waveform of input voltage Vsec and the output voltage
across resistor
R1. Take a photo of simulation waveforms and place it in Figure 1.5.

Figure 1.5. Input and Output Waveforms of Full-Wave Rectifier.

Write your observations for the simulation

The ordinary DC yield is higher than for half-wave, the yield of the full-wave rectifier has
fundamentally less wave than that of the half-wave rectifier making a smoother yield
waveform. The info voltage is from positive half-wave contribution to negative half-wave
input. Contrasted with the voltage yield down the middle wave rectifier, the voltage yield in
full-wave rectifier is created both from positive and negative voltage inputs. There are diodes
that are in negative extremity and some are in sure extremity in which both oblige flows
relying upon their extremity
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LABORATORY

Part 2: Filter

2.1 Connect the circuit diagram of Rectifier Circuit with Filter Capacitor using the LTSPICE tool,
by placing a 10 micro-Farad capacitor in parallel with the resistor R1 in Figure 1.4. Take a
photo of your schematic diagram and place it in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1. Schematic Diagram of Full-Wave Rectifier with Filter

Capacitor

Figure 2.2. Input and Output Waveforms of Full-Wave Rectifier with 10-uF Filter
Capacitor.
 Write your observations for the simulation.
Based on the waveforms with 10uF Filter Capacitor, adding a capacitor would result in having a
sharper or a pointy peak at the maximum voltage of the output instead of a flat line, this can be
observe in figure 2.2 and 2.4, The voltage output did not drop to zero before the second voltage
input that will generate a peak value again.

2.3 Change the value of filter capacitor to 1 micro-Farad. Run the simulation. Plot the
waveforms of input voltage Vsec and the output voltage across resistor R1. Take a photo of
simulation waveforms and place it in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3. Input and Output Waveforms of Full-Wave Rectifier with 1-uF Filter
Capacitor.
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LABORATORY

2.4 Again, change the value of filter capacitor to 100 micro-Farad. Run again the simulation.
Plot the waveforms of input voltage Vsec and the output voltage across resistor R1. Take a
photo of simulation waveforms and place it in Figure 2.4.

Figure 2.4. Input and Output Waveforms of Full-Wave Rectifier with 100-uF Filter
Capacitor.

2.5 Write your observation on the effect of filter capacitance (using 1-uF in Figure 2.3, using 10-
uF in Figure 2.2, and using 100-uF in Figure 2.4) on the output voltage.
The visual of the graphs, the filter capacitance reduces/eliminates the amplitude of the output
voltage. The capacitance with a 100uF makes the voltage output is much stable forming an almost
straight line at the peak value while at 1uF the voltage output generated the largest amplitude,
and it is more favorable for converting AC to DC current.
Part 3: Voltage Regulator

3.1Connect in LTSPICE the circuit diagram of Unregulated Power Supply in Figure 3.1. Double
click on the value of the load resistor R1 and change it to {R}. Use curly brackets. The SPICE
interprets the text inside the curly brackets as a numerical expression.

Fig. 3.1. Unregulated Power Supply Circuit for LTSPICE Simulation.

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LABORATORY

3.2 Add the PARAM part to the circuit. From the Edit menu choose Spice Directive. Type “. step
param R 10 1k 250”. This will provide a value of 10 Ohms to 1kOhms for R1 with 250 Ohm
interval. Run the transient simulation. Plot the waveforms of input voltage Vsec and of
output voltage across resistor R1. Take a snapshot of the waveforms and place it in Figure
3.2.

Figure 3.2. Input and Output Waveforms of Unregulated Power

Supply.

3.3Connect in LTSPICE the circuit diagram of Regulated Power Supply in Figure 3.3. (The
student or group may use different types of rectifier diodes and Zener diode; in case the
diode models are not available.)

Fig. 3.3. Regulated Power Supply Circuit for LTSPICE Simulation.

3.4 Run the transient simulation. Plot the waveforms of input voltage Vsec and of output
 ELECTRONICS
LABORATORY
voltage across resistor R3. Take a snapshot of the waveforms and place it in Figure 3.4.
 Figure 3.4. Input and Output Waveforms of Regulated Power Supply.

Briefly compare the output voltages of unregulated and regulated dc power supply circuits.
Based on the graphs, by looking closely the unregulated power supply is irregular rising and falling, the
regulated power supply is more constant due to the regulator. the output voltages still increase and decrease
depending on the input voltage value. The output voltages changes as the input voltage changes. This makes
sure that even when a load is applied the voltage does not drop. To regulate or vary the output voltage of the
circuit it produces clean voltage unlike the unregulated power supply.
 CONCLUSION

Rectifiers play an important role in the circuit because they are used to convert AC to DC
pulsing signals, which only flow in one direction, either positive or negative. Rectifiers are made
up of diodes that allow current to flow through the circuit, and Zener diodes are segments that are
designed in the opposite breakdown field to switch on a diode, the diode's extremity must be equal
to the voltage contribution's extremity, otherwise it will function as a closed circuit or, more
likely, it will function as a backward tendency and remain off. One of the most popular uses for
rectifier diodes in hardware is to transform household current into direct current, which can be
used as an alternative to batteries. The rectifier circuit, which is normally made up of a series of
cleverly interlocked diodes, changes exchanging current over to coordinate current. Since a Zener
diode can be used as a controller to have stable voltages, this movement controlled the voltage
guideline. When connected in a forward predisposition, it behaves as a normal diode, but when
connected in the opposite predisposition, the diode operates on its breakdown district and
regulates to a consistent DC value.

Diodes with the opposite predisposition would remain off and operate as an open circuit,
resulting in no current, no voltage around the diode, and no voltage yield. Positive and negative
half-waves accompany information voltages, which indicate when the diode will switch on so
diode and voltage information can have the same extremity. Essentially no current courses
through the circuit and practically no voltage is created across the resistor. While turning around
the extremity of the diode, the diode will currently be at forward predisposition when negative
half-wave voltage input occurs. When a Zener diode is in forward inclination, it acts much the
same as a rectifier diode however when in opposite inclination, it acts like a voltage controller it
keeps an almost consistent voltage across in its terminals. Also, the voltage at which the Zener
diode manages relies upon the breakdown and diodes voltage. A half wave rectifier utilizes just a
solitary diode to change AC over to DC. So, it is anything but difficult to build the half wave
rectifier. Nonetheless, a solitary diode fifty-fifty wave rectifier just permits either a positive half
cycle or a negative half pattern of the information AC signal and the leftover half pattern of the
info AC signal is impeded.