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Contemporary Architecture - Module 1

The document provides an overview of contemporary architecture and its progression over time. It discusses how architectural and art styles have changed due to factors like socio-economic changes, technology advances, and visual fatigue. The styles progressed from Greek and Roman styles to Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and modern contemporary styles. Contemporary architecture blends modern styles and is less constrained by factors like time period, location, materials, and function. The document outlines several modules that will cover topics like the advent of steel and glass in construction, the Chicago school of architecture, and contemporary Indian architecture.

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pallabi banerjee
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
218 views

Contemporary Architecture - Module 1

The document provides an overview of contemporary architecture and its progression over time. It discusses how architectural and art styles have changed due to factors like socio-economic changes, technology advances, and visual fatigue. The styles progressed from Greek and Roman styles to Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and modern contemporary styles. Contemporary architecture blends modern styles and is less constrained by factors like time period, location, materials, and function. The document outlines several modules that will cover topics like the advent of steel and glass in construction, the Chicago school of architecture, and contemporary Indian architecture.

Uploaded by

pallabi banerjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY


5TH SEM, 3RD YEAR

Pallabi Banerjee
Architect Planner
B.Arch, M.Plan(with specialization in Housing)
MODULE

Module 1: Module 2 Module 3


Overview: Progress in Architecture & Introduction: Advent of Steel, Glass & Development of ‘New Art and
Art style, Post industrial revolution Ferro concrete Architecture’
 Introduction
 Why style changes  Advent of steel and Henry Labrouste  Le Art Nouveau movement and Victor

 Progress in Architectural style  Great exhibitions of 1851 and 1889 & Horta

 Progress in Art style their contributions.  H.P Berglage, H.H Richardson and True

 19th century : Brief  Gustave Eiffel Construction

 Post Industrial Revolution in Architecture  Development of Ferro concrete: August  Balloon Frame Structure and Plane

 Great Chicago Fire Perret, Tony Garnier surface in America


MODULE
Module 4: Module 5: Module 6:
Chicago school & Programmatic Functionalism Development of International style
organic developments

 Chicago School: L:ouis Sullivan  Walter Gropius and Bauhaus  Mies Van Der Rohe
 Organic Architecture : Frank Lyod  Le Corbusier  Philip Johnson
Wright  Louis I Kahn

Module 7: Module 8:
20th century World Architecture Indian Architecture since Independence

 Works of some master architects like,  B.V. Doshi


Eero Saarinen, Alvar Aalto, Oscar  Charles Correa
Niemeyer, Richard Neutra, Norman  Raj Rewal
Foster, Antonio Gaudi, Frank O Gehry,  A.P Kanvinde
I.M. Pei, Kenzo Tange  Laurie Baker
Introduction to Contemporary Architecture

Contemporary architecture is the movement where


modern styles blend, sharing various features and these
styles rely on fewer classicized building ideas.

Contemporary Architects are working in a dozen different


styles, from postmodernism and high-tech architecture to
highly conceptual and expressive styles, resembling
sculpture on an enormous scale.
Contemporary Architecture is not constrained by:
 Time period.
 Geographical Location
 Architectural Styles
 Technology
 Design Philosophy
 Materials
 Scale of Design
 Building Height
 Form of Design
 Function of Design
Module 1:
Overview: Progress in Architecture & Art Style, Post
Industrial Revolution
 Introduction
 Why style changes?
 Progress in Architectural style
 Progress in Art style
 19th century : Brief
 Post Industrial Revolution in Architecture
 Great Chicago Fire
Overview of the subject Why style changes ?

1. Change in socio-economic structure


ARCHITECTURE ART/DESIGN
2. Visual fatigue

3. Material and technology

STYLES, CHARACTERISTICS
OPTIMUM DESIGN SOLUTIONS

STRUCTURE FIRMITAS UTILITAS FUNCTION

VENUSTAS

FORM / AESTHETICS

VITRUVIAN TRIAD
OPTIMUM DESIGN SOLUTIONS

New material and Social Economic Cultural


advancement of FUNCTION Behavioral factors
STRUCTURE
technology

FORM

Perception of beauty change based on reaction


against previous style.

VITRUVIAN TRIAD
Why style changes ?

DONALD NORMAN’S 3 LEVELS OF DESIGN

1. Behavioral : Usability of design (functional)


2. Visceral : Eternal, nature laws of design (aesthetics)

3. Reflective : Style of a contemporary time (aesthetics)


Progress in architectural style
European Renaissance Industrial
14th-17th Revolution 19th

Early Baroque &


Greek Romanesque Renaissance Modern
Christian Rococo

Roman Byzantine Gothic Mannerism Neo- Post-


Classical Modern
Progress in architectural style
CREPUSCULAR
European Renaissance Industrial RAYS
14th-17th Revolution 19th

Early Baroque &


Greek Romanesque Renaissance Modern
Christian Rococo

Roman Byzantine Gothic Mannerism Neo- Post-


Classical Modern
Progress in architectural style
Industrial
Revolution 19th

Early Baroque &


Greek Romanesque Renaissance Modern
Christian Rococo

Roman Byzantine Gothic Mannerism Neo- Post-


Classical Modern
Progress in art

Early Baroque &


Greek Romanesque Renaissance Modern
Christian Rococo

Roman Byzantine Gothic Mannerism Neo- Post-


Classical Modern
Classical Period

ART

Sculptures, Marble and Bronze Fresco Amphora


ARCHITECTURE:
Trabeated Construction EARLY
ROMAN
CHRISTIAN
Arcuated
GREEK

Construction
Parthenon

Greek orders Pantheon Colosseum


Byzantine Period Romanesque Period
ART ART

Mosaic Fresco

ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE

Hagia Sophia,
Pendentive Vault Portal arch Cross vault
Constantinopole
Gothic Period Mannerism Period
ART ART

Samson slaying
Madona, a Philistine,
Stained Glass Window Permigianino Gambalogna

ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE

Distortion and Duality


Notre Dame, Paris Duomo, Milan Pinnacle,
Buttress Palazzo del Te Mantua, Giulio Romano
Baroque & Rococo Period Neo Classical Period
ART ART
Ornamentation

Girl with pearl Les Meninas,


earring, Vermeer Velaquez

ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE
High Ornamentation

St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City; Michelangelo Villa la Rotonda, Andrea Palladio
Architectural Style
European Renaissance Industrial
14th-17th Revolution 19th

Early Baroque &


Greek Romanesque Renaissance Modern
Christian Rococo

Roman Byzantine Gothic Mannerism Neo- Post-


Classical Modern
Social Context
19th century Industrial Revolution

 From agriculture to industry


 Migration of people from village to city The effect of the Industrial
 Increase of production of steel Revolution were dramatic. NEW
 A shift toward functionality- replaced the OLD.
Residential, recreational, commercial MACHINES replaced MAN.
buildings (like factory, housing, markets)
got preferences over cathedrals and
churches.
Evolution of new school of thought
19th century Industrial Revolution

 Dilemma between Old Traditional Style and craftsmanship V/s New Inventions
(Material and Technology)
 Old styles can’t be incorporated in steel structures.
 Pre fabrication & Mass Production V/s Craftsmanship

… Crisis in Architecture, Art and Design


Generation of two extreme radical styles.
Requirement of New Material & Technique:

The Chicago Fire of 1871 and the ‘Great Rebuilding’


The Great Chicago Fire Factors leading up to the
Great Fire

 Occurred on October 8, 1871  Extremely hot and dry Summer


 Killed at least 300 people  22 day drought
 Left over 100,000 people homeless  Chicago consisted of over 561 miles of
 Caused approximately $192,000,000 wooden sidewalks.
million in property damage  28 “significant” fires during the first
 Burned 3 square miles of the city in week of October
less than 2 days.  Fire at the Lull & Holmes planning mill
occurred October 7,1871
Rebuilding after Effect of Great Fire
the Great Fire
 New laws in place to prevent fires
 New responding methods to fire.
 Many citizens could not afford
fire insurance  Preventive measures in dry seasons

 Due to strict rebuilding laws, many  Larger Fire departments and more
businesses were forced out of Chicago resources
Ironically, a CFD training facility was  More through and effective
built where Mrs. O’Leary’s barn investigative commissions.
previously stood
Post Industrial Revolution in Architecture

Against the New For the Machine


Traditional
Machine Movement Craftsmanship Technology Movement
Post Industrial Revolution in Architecture
Modernism

Art Deco Bauhaus

Organic
Against the Technology For the Machine
Aesthetic
Machine Movement emphasis and Function Movement

Internationalism

Tensile structures
Brutalism
Modernism
BRUTALISM &
FUNCTION METABOLISM

Chicago Bauhaus Tensile & Shell

For the

Post- Modern
machine Functionalism Internationalism Form + Function

Against the Organic Art Deco Monolithic Late Modern /


machine
Ultra Modern
Art & Craft Prairie Form
movement + Art
Nouveau
Post Industrial
Revolution PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
Modernism
Crystal Palace Villa Savoye Geisel library
Bauhaus

Post- Modern
FLW home &
Robie house Chrysler Kadokawa National
Studio
Post Industrial Building culture museum Congress
Revolution PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
Modernism

Post- Modern
Figurative Abstract
Discontinuity of Visual Language
Changes in Art Style
Assignment : Module 1

Revise the module 1

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