CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY

5TH SEM, 3RD YEAR

Pallabi Banerjee
Architect Planner
B.Arch, M.Plan(with specialization in Housing)
 MODULE

Module 1: Module 2 Module 3

Overview: Progress in Architecture & Introduction: Advent of Steel, Glass & Development of ‘New Art and
Art style, Post industrial revolution Ferro concrete Architecture’
 Introduction
 Why style changes  Advent of steel and Henry Labrouste  Le Art Nouveau movement and Victor

 Progress in Architectural style  Great exhibitions of 1851 and 1889 & Horta

 Progress in Art style their contributions.  H.P Berglage, H.H Richardson and True

 19th century : Brief  Gustave Eiffel Construction

 Post Industrial Revolution in Architecture  Development of Ferro concrete: August  Balloon Frame Structure and Plane

 Great Chicago Fire Perret, Tony Garnier surface in America

 MODULE
Module 4: Module 5: Module 6:
Chicago school & Programmatic Functionalism Development of International style
organic developments

 Chicago School: L:ouis Sullivan  Walter Gropius and Bauhaus  Mies Van Der Rohe
 Organic Architecture : Frank Lyod  Le Corbusier  Philip Johnson
Wright  Louis I Kahn

Module 7: Module 8:
20th century World Architecture Indian Architecture since Independence

 Works of some master architects like,  B.V. Doshi

Eero Saarinen, Alvar Aalto, Oscar  Charles Correa
Niemeyer, Richard Neutra, Norman  Raj Rewal
Foster, Antonio Gaudi, Frank O Gehry,  A.P Kanvinde
I.M. Pei, Kenzo Tange  Laurie Baker
Introduction to Contemporary Architecture

Contemporary architecture is the movement where

modern styles blend, sharing various features and these
styles rely on fewer classicized building ideas.

Contemporary Architects are working in a dozen different

styles, from postmodernism and high-tech architecture to
highly conceptual and expressive styles, resembling
sculpture on an enormous scale.
Contemporary Architecture is not constrained by:
 Time period.
 Geographical Location
 Architectural Styles
 Technology
 Design Philosophy
 Materials
 Scale of Design
 Building Height
 Form of Design
 Function of Design
 Module 1:
Overview: Progress in Architecture & Art Style, Post
Industrial Revolution
 Introduction
 Why style changes?
 Progress in Architectural style
 Progress in Art style
 19th century : Brief
 Post Industrial Revolution in Architecture
 Great Chicago Fire
 Overview of the subject Why style changes ?

1. Change in socio-economic structure

ARCHITECTURE ART/DESIGN
2. Visual fatigue

3. Material and technology

STYLES, CHARACTERISTICS
 OPTIMUM DESIGN SOLUTIONS

STRUCTURE FIRMITAS UTILITAS FUNCTION

VENUSTAS

FORM / AESTHETICS

VITRUVIAN TRIAD
 OPTIMUM DESIGN SOLUTIONS

New material and Social Economic Cultural

advancement of FUNCTION Behavioral factors
STRUCTURE
technology

FORM

Perception of beauty change based on reaction

against previous style.

VITRUVIAN TRIAD
 Why style changes ?

DONALD NORMAN’S 3 LEVELS OF DESIGN

1. Behavioral : Usability of design (functional)

2. Visceral : Eternal, nature laws of design (aesthetics)

3. Reflective : Style of a contemporary time (aesthetics)

 Progress in architectural style
European Renaissance Industrial
14th-17th Revolution 19th

Early Baroque &

Greek Romanesque Renaissance Modern
Christian Rococo

Roman Byzantine Gothic Mannerism Neo- Post-

Classical Modern
 Progress in architectural style
CREPUSCULAR
European Renaissance Industrial RAYS
14th-17th Revolution 19th

Early Baroque &

Greek Romanesque Renaissance Modern
Christian Rococo

Roman Byzantine Gothic Mannerism Neo- Post-

Classical Modern
 Progress in architectural style
Industrial
Revolution 19th

Early Baroque &

Greek Romanesque Renaissance Modern
Christian Rococo

Roman Byzantine Gothic Mannerism Neo- Post-

Classical Modern
 Progress in art

Early Baroque &

Greek Romanesque Renaissance Modern
Christian Rococo

Roman Byzantine Gothic Mannerism Neo- Post-

Classical Modern
 Classical Period

ART

Sculptures, Marble and Bronze Fresco Amphora

ARCHITECTURE:
Trabeated Construction EARLY
ROMAN
CHRISTIAN
Arcuated
GREEK

Construction
Parthenon

Greek orders Pantheon Colosseum

 Byzantine Period Romanesque Period
ART ART

Mosaic Fresco

ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE

Hagia Sophia,
Pendentive Vault Portal arch Cross vault
Constantinopole
 Gothic Period Mannerism Period
ART ART

Samson slaying
Madona, a Philistine,
Stained Glass Window Permigianino Gambalogna

ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE

Distortion and Duality

Notre Dame, Paris Duomo, Milan Pinnacle,
Buttress Palazzo del Te Mantua, Giulio Romano
 Baroque & Rococo Period Neo Classical Period
ART ART
Ornamentation

Girl with pearl Les Meninas,

earring, Vermeer Velaquez

ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE
High Ornamentation

St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City; Michelangelo Villa la Rotonda, Andrea Palladio
 Architectural Style
European Renaissance Industrial
14th-17th Revolution 19th

Early Baroque &

Greek Romanesque Renaissance Modern
Christian Rococo

Roman Byzantine Gothic Mannerism Neo- Post-

Classical Modern
 Social Context
19th century Industrial Revolution

 From agriculture to industry

 Migration of people from village to city The effect of the Industrial
 Increase of production of steel Revolution were dramatic. NEW
 A shift toward functionality- replaced the OLD.
Residential, recreational, commercial MACHINES replaced MAN.
buildings (like factory, housing, markets)
got preferences over cathedrals and
churches.
 Evolution of new school of thought
19th century Industrial Revolution

 Dilemma between Old Traditional Style and craftsmanship V/s New Inventions
(Material and Technology)
 Old styles can’t be incorporated in steel structures.
 Pre fabrication & Mass Production V/s Craftsmanship

… Crisis in Architecture, Art and Design

Generation of two extreme radical styles.
Requirement of New Material & Technique:

The Chicago Fire of 1871 and the ‘Great Rebuilding’

The Great Chicago Fire Factors leading up to the
Great Fire

 Occurred on October 8, 1871  Extremely hot and dry Summer

 Killed at least 300 people  22 day drought
 Left over 100,000 people homeless  Chicago consisted of over 561 miles of
 Caused approximately $192,000,000 wooden sidewalks.
million in property damage  28 “significant” fires during the first
 Burned 3 square miles of the city in week of October
less than 2 days.  Fire at the Lull & Holmes planning mill
occurred October 7,1871
 Rebuilding after Effect of Great Fire
the Great Fire
 New laws in place to prevent fires
 New responding methods to fire.
 Many citizens could not afford
fire insurance  Preventive measures in dry seasons

 Due to strict rebuilding laws, many  Larger Fire departments and more
businesses were forced out of Chicago resources
Ironically, a CFD training facility was  More through and effective
built where Mrs. O’Leary’s barn investigative commissions.
previously stood
 Post Industrial Revolution in Architecture

Against the New For the Machine

Traditional
Machine Movement Craftsmanship Technology Movement
 Post Industrial Revolution in Architecture
Modernism

Art Deco Bauhaus

Organic
Against the Technology For the Machine
Aesthetic
Machine Movement emphasis and Function Movement

Internationalism

Tensile structures
Brutalism
 Modernism
BRUTALISM &
FUNCTION METABOLISM

Chicago Bauhaus Tensile & Shell

For the

Post- Modern
machine Functionalism Internationalism Form + Function

Against the Organic Art Deco Monolithic Late Modern /

machine
Ultra Modern
Art & Craft Prairie Form
movement + Art
Nouveau
Post Industrial
Revolution PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
Modernism
Crystal Palace Villa Savoye Geisel library
Bauhaus

Post- Modern
FLW home &
Robie house Chrysler Kadokawa National
Studio
Post Industrial Building culture museum Congress
Revolution PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
 Modernism

Post- Modern
Figurative Abstract
Discontinuity of Visual Language
Changes in Art Style
Assignment : Module 1

Revise the module 1