Intersection of Surfaces:

1. Essential Information:

2. Display of Engineering Applications:

3. Solution Steps to solve Problem:

4. Case 1: Cylinder to Cylinder:

5. Case 2: Prism to Cylinder:

6. Case 3: Cone to Cylinder

7. Case 4: Prism to Prism: Axis Intersecting.

8. Case 5: Triangular Prism to Cylinder

9. Case 6: Prism to Prism: Axis Skew

10. Case 7 Prism to Cone: from top:

11. Case 8: Cylinder to Cone:

ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF
THE PRINCIPLES OF
 PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDES.

1. INTERSECTIONS.

STUDY CAREFULLY THE ILLUSTRATIONS GIVEN ON

NEXT SIX PAGES !
INTERPENETRATION OF SOLIDS WHEN
ONE SOLID PENETRATES ANOTHER SOLID THEN THEIR
SURFACES INTERSECT AND AT THE JUNCTION OF
INTERSECTION A TYPICAL CURVE IS FORMED, WHICH
REMAINS COMMON TO BOTH SOLIDS.
THIS CURVE IS CALLED CURVE OF INTERSECTION
AND IT IS A RESULT OF INTERPENETRATION OF SOLIDS.
PURPOSE OF DRAWING THESE CURVES:- WHEN
TWO OBJECTS ARE TO BE JOINED TOGATHER, MAXIMUM SURFACE
CONTACT BETWEEN BOTH BECOMES A BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR
STRONGEST & LEAK-PROOF JOINT. Curves of Intersections
being common to both Intersecting solids, show exact &
 maximum surface contact of both solids.
Study Following Illustrations Carefully.
Minimum Surface Contact.
( Point Contact) (Maximum Surface Contact)
Lines of Intersections. Curves of Intersections.
Square Pipes. Circular Pipes. Square Pipes. Circular Pipes.

A machine component having

A Feeding Hopper In industry.
two intersecting cylindrical
Forged End of a Connecting
surfaces with the axis at
Rod.
acute angle to each other.
Two Cylindrical surfaces.
An Industrial Dust collector.
Two Cylindrical surfaces.
Intersection of two cylinders.
Pump lid having shape of a
Intersection of a Cylindrical
hexagonal Prism and
main and Branch Pipe.
Hemi-sphere intersecting
Intersection of a Cylindrical
each other.
main and Branch Pipe.
Pump lid having shape of a
hexagonal Prism and
Hemi-sphere intersecting
each other.
Pump lid having shape of a
 hexagonal Prism and each other.
Hemi-sphere intersecting
SOME ACTUAL OBJECTS ARE SHOWN, SHOWING CURVES
OF INTERSECTIONS. BY WHITE ARROWS.
FOLLOWING CASES ARE STEPS One solid will be
SOLVED. REFFER standing on HP Other
ILLUSTRATIONS AND will penetrate
NOTE THE COMMON
horizontally. Draw three
CONSTRUCTION FOR ALL
views of standing solid.
1.CYLINDER TO Name views as per the
CYLINDER2. illustrations. Beginning
with side view draw
2.SQ.PRISM TO CYLINDER three Views of
penetrating solids also.
3.CONE TO CYLINDER On it’s S.V. mark number
of points And name
4.TRIANGULAR PRISM TO
those(either letters or
CYLNDER
nos.) The points which
5.SQ.PRISM TO SQ.PRISM are on standard
generators or edges of
6.SQ.PRISM TO SQ.PRISM standing solid, ( in S.V.)
( SKEW POSITION) can be marked on
7.SQARE PRISM TO CONE ( respective generators in
from top ) Fv and Tv. And other
points from SV should
8.CYLINDER TO CONE
be brought to Tv first
COMMON SOLUTION
and then projecting should be joined by
upward To Fv. Dark and curvature or straight
dotted line’s decision lines.
should be taken by
Note: Incase cone is
observing side view penetrating solid Side view is
from it’s right side as not necessary. Similarly in case
shown by arrow. of penetration from top it is not
required.
Accordingly those
CASE 1. CYLINDER STANDING & CYLINDER PENETRATING
Problem: A cylinder 50mm dia.and 70mm axis is completely
penetrated by another of 40 mm dia.and 70 mm axis horizontally
Both axes intersect
& bisect each other. Draw projections showing curves of
intersections.

4” 1’ 2’ 4’ 3’ 1” 3” 2” a’
b ’h’

c’g’ d’f’
a’
a” h”
b”

g” c”
d”
f”
e”

XY
1
2
4
3

4” 1’ 2’ 4’ 3’ 1” 3” 2” a’ c’
1
2
a’
b’
d’ c’
a”
b’

d” b” d’ c” X Y
4
3
Problem: A cylinder 50mm dia.and 70mm axis is completely
penetrated by a square prism of 25 mm sides.and 70 mm axis,
horizontally. Both axes Intersect & bisect each other. All faces of
prism are equally inclined to Hp. Draw projections showing curves
of intersections.
CASE 2. CYLINDER STANDING & SQ.PRISM PENETRATING
Problem: A cylinder of 80 mm diameter and 100 mm axis is
completely penetrated by a cone of 80 mm diameter and 120 mm
long axis horizontally.Both axes intersect & bisect each other.
Draw projections showing curve of intersections.

7’
6’ 8’
1’ 5’

2’ 4’

3’ X Y

128

37

46

5
CASE 3. CYLINDER STANDING & CONE PENETRATING
1’ 2’ 4’ 3’ 4” 1” 3” 2”

a’ c’
a’
b’
d’ c’
a”
b’
d’ d” b”
c” X Y
1
2
4
3
Problem: A sq.prism 30 mm base sides.and 70mm axis is
completely penetrated by another square prism of 25 mm
sides.and 70 mm axis, horizontally. Both axes Intersects & bisect
each other. All faces of prisms are equally inclined to Vp. Draw
projections showing curves of intersections.
CASE 4. SQ.PRISM STANDING & SQ.PRISM PENETRATING
Problem: A cylinder 50mm dia.and 70mm axis is completely
penetrated by a triangular prism of 45 mm sides.and 70 mm axis,
horizontally. One flat face of prism is parallel to Vp and Contains
axis of cylinder. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
CASE 5. CYLINDER STANDING & TRIANGULAR PRISM
PENETRATING
4” 1’ 2’ 4’ 3’ 1” 3” 2” a a a

bcbbcee

d
e

d
Xff
f
Y
1
2
4
3
Problem: A sq.prism 30 mm base sides.and 70mm axis is
completely penetrated by another square prism of 25 mm side
s.and 70 mm axis, horizontally. Both axes Intersect & bisect each
other.Two faces of penetrating prism are 300 inclined to Hp. Draw
projections showing curves of intersections.
CASE 6. SQ.PRISM STANDING & SQ.PRISM
PENETRATING (300 SKEW POSITION)
1’ 2’ 4’ 3’ 4” 1” 3” 2”
a’ e’
f’ f”

b’ c’
d’
300
c”
XY
1
2
4
3

2’

5’

4’
1’

3’
6’
X a’ b’h’ c’g’ d’f’ e’

h
9
8

7
f
f
f
f

a
1
10

6e
6e

2
3
5

b
4
d
d

c
5 mm OFF-SET
CASE 7. CONE STANDING & SQ.PRISM PENETRATING
(BOTH AXES VERTICAL)

Problem: A cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is

completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis //
to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it. a vertical plane containing
both axes is parallel to Vp. Take all faces of sq.prism equally
inclined to Vp. Base Side of prism is 0 mm and axis is 100 mm
long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Problem: A cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is
completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis //
to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it. a vertical plane containing
both axes is parallel to Vp. Take all faces of sq.prism equally
inclined to Vp. Base Side of prism is 0 mm and axis is 100 mm
long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Problem: A cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is
completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis //
to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it. a vertical plane containing
both axes is parallel to Vp. Take all faces of sq.prism equally
inclined to Vp. Base Side of prism is 0 mm and axis is 100 mm
long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Problem: A cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is
completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis //
to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it. a vertical plane containing
both axes is parallel to Vp. Take all faces of sq.prism equally
inclined to Vp. Base Side of prism is 0 mm and axis is 100 mm
long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Problem: A cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is
completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis //
to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it. a vertical plane containing
both axes is parallel to Vp. Take all faces of sq.prism equally
inclined to Vp. Base Side of prism is 0 mm and axis is 100 mm
long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Problem: A cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is
completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis //
to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it. a vertical plane containing
both axes is parallel to Vp. Take all faces of sq.prism equally
inclined to Vp. Base Side of prism is 0 mm and axis is 100 mm
long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Problem: A cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is
completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis //
to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it. a vertical plane containing
both axes is parallel to Vp. Take all faces of sq.prism equally
inclined to Vp. Base Side of prism is 0 mm and axis is 100 mm
long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Problem: A cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is
completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis //
to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it. a vertical plane containing
both axes is parallel to Vp. Take all faces of sq.prism equally
inclined to Vp. Base Side of prism is 0 mm and axis is 100 mm
long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Problem: A cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is
completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis //
to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it. a vertical plane containing
both axes is parallel to Vp. Take all faces of sq.prism equally
inclined to Vp. Base Side of prism is 0 mm and axis is 100 mm
long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Problem: A cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is
completely penetrated by a square prism from top with it’s axis //
to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it. a vertical plane containing
both axes is parallel to Vp. Take all faces of sq.prism equally
inclined to Vp. Base Side of prism is 0 mm and axis is 100 mm
long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Problem: A vertical cone, base diameter 75 mm and axis 100 mm
long, is completely penetrated by a cylinder of 45 mm diameter.
The axis of the cylinder is parallel to Hp and Vp and intersects
axis of the cone at a point 28 mm above the base. Draw
projections showing curves of intersection.
CASE 8. CONE STANDING & CYLINDER PENETRATING o’ o”
1
2
1
 2
8, 8

12
3
7 6
3 3X54
4
5h
a
b
c
7,

6 4 a’ b’h’ c’g’ d’f’ e’ g” g”h” 5

a”e” b”d” c”
Y
g
f
e
d