VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT AUTODESK AUTOCAD Submitted In Partial Fulfilment for the Requirement of Four Weeks Industrial Training At INTERNSHALA internships that matter FROM TO SUBMITTED BY:- STUDENT NAME ROLL NUMBER SEMESTER WNIVEBSITY LQGQ DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY NAME ADDRESSDECLARATIO: T hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the report entitled “AUTODESK AUTOCAD” in fulfilment of the requirement for completion of one month industrial training in department of Mechanical Engineering of “University Name and Address” is an authentic record of my own work carried out during industrial training STUDENT NAME ‘Name and Signature of student ‘The industrial training viva-voce examination of Mr. ‘Mi B.TECH (Mechanical Engineering) has been held on __ Signature: HOD NAME HOD (Mechanical)ACKNOWLEDGEMEN' 1am highly grateful to NAME, Vice Chancellor, University Name and Address for providing this opportunity to carry out one month practical training at INTERNSHALA. constant guidance and ~— encouragement received from NAME, HOD Mechanical Engineering, University Name and Address has been of great help in carrying out the project work and is acknowledged with reverential thanks, I would like to expres a deep sense of gratitude and thanks profusely to NAME, Instructor, without the wise counsel and able guidance, it would have been impossible to complete the report in this manner ‘The help rendered by NAME, Training & Placement Head is greatly acknowledged. I would like to express gratitude to other faculty members of Mechanical department for their intellectual support throughout the course of this work. Finally, I am indebted to all whosoever have contributed in this report work. Student Name B. TECH (MECH.) SEMESTER Roll No. {ilCONTENTS SR.NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO. 01. | CHAPTER-1 INTERNSHALA 1-3 02. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 03 2. VISION 1 04, 3. HISTORY 2 05. 4. PARTNERSHIPS 2 06. 5. AWARDS & RECOGNITION 2 07. 6. PRODUCTS & SERVICES 2 08. | CHAPTER-2 AUTODESK 4-8 09. 1, INTRODUCTION 4 10. 2. HISTORY 1 3, PRODUCTS, 6 12. | CHAPTER-3 AUTOCAD 9-48 13. 1, INTRODUCTION 9 14. 2. AUTOCAD WINDOW 10 15. 3. SELECTING THE WORKSPACE, 12 16. 4, FILING AND DATA INPUT 13 17. 5. COORDINATES ENTRY 15 18. 6. NAVIGATION TOOLS 16 19. 7. DRAWING UNITS & LIMITS 18 20. 8, COMMANDS 9 21. 9. DIMENSION TOOLBARS 27 22, 10. TEXT COMMAND 32 23. 1. TABLE 33 24, 12. LAYER M4 25. 13. BLOCK 37 26. 14, ISOMETRIC DRAWING 39 21. 15. 3D MODELING 41 28. 16. PRINTING & PLOTING 46 29. | CHAPTER -4 49-50 30. CONCLUSION 49 31. BIBLIOGRAPHY 50INTERNSHALA internships that matter 1, INTRODUCTION Sarvesh Agrawal Founder of Internshala Internshala is an internship platform, based out of Gurgaon, India. Founded by Sarvesh Agrawal, an IIT Madras alumnus, in 2010, the website helps students find internships with organisations in India. 2. VISION Internshala is a dot com business with the heart of dot org. At the core of the idea is the belief that internships, if managed well, can make a positive difference to the student, to the employer, and to the society at large. Hence, thead-hoc culture surrounding internships in India should and would change. Internshala aims to be the driver of this change. 3. HISTORY ‘The platform started a and \s a WordPress blog which aggregated internships across Indi articles on education, technolo id skill gap in 2010. The website was launched in 2013. Internshala launched its online trainings in 2014. The platform is used by 2.0 Mn + students and 70000+ companies. 4. PARTNERSHIPS > In August 2016, Telangana's not-for-profit organisation, Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge (TASK) partnered with Intemshala to help students with internship resources and career services. has > In September 2016, Team Indus, Google XPRIZE shortlisted emtity partnered with Internshala for college outreach for its initiative, Lab2Moon, 5. AWARDS AND RECOGNITION * In 2011, the website became a part of NASSCOM 10K Startups. * In 2015, Internshala was a finalist in People Matters TechHR 2015 Spotlight Awards under ‘Futurism in Recruitment’ category 6. PRODUCTS & SERVICES Internshala offers following products & services to its users: 1. Internship posting: Organization & individuals looking to hire interns can post their internship requirement on Internshala, Currently this service is offered free of charge.Internship search and application: Students from all over India can search and apply for internships and trainings relevant to their coursework and interest free of cost Internshala Trainings: Internshala offers a variety of online training programs across multiple disciplines (Web development, Java, Hacking) which students can join from the comfort of their homes and learn the skills needed in today's, industry. Advertisement: Internshala enjoys a very strong reach among students in campuses all over India and organizations looking to advertis their products, services, events and competitions to college students can avail of customized advertising solutions on various Intemshala channels (Website, Newsletter, and Social Media).CHAPTER -2 AUTODESK é\ AUTODESK. 1. INTRODUCTION Autodesk, Inc. is an American multinational software corporation that makes software for the architecture, engineering, construction, manufacturing, media, and entertainment industries. Autodesk is headquartered in San Rafael, Califomia, and features a gallery of its customers’ work in its San Francisco building. The company has offices worldwide, with U.S. locations in Northern California, Oregon, Colorado, Texas and in New England in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, and Canada locations in Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta. The o pany was founded in 1982 by John Walker, a coauthor of the first versions of AutoCAD, the company's flagship computer-aided design (CAD) software, It’s AutoCAD and Revit software is primarily used by architects, engineers, and structural designers to design, draft, and model buildings and other structures. Autodesk software has been used in many fields, from the New York Freedom Tower to Tesla electric cars. Autodesk became best known for AutoCAD but now develops a broad range of software for design, engineering, and entertainment as well as a line of software for con: ers, including Sketchbook, Homestyler, and Pixlr, The company makes educational versions of its software available at no cost to qualified stud through the Autodesk Education Commu nonprofits through TechSoup Global. Autodesk's digital prototyping software, and faculty y. and also as a donation to eligible including Autodesk Inventor, Fusion 360, and the Autodesk Product Design Suite, are used in the manufacturing industry to visualize, simulate, and analyze real-world performance using a digital model during the design process. The company's Revit lineof software for building information modeling is designed to let users explore the planning, construction, and management of a building virtually before it is built. Autodesk's Media and Entertainment division creates software for visual effects, color grading, and editing as well as animation, game development, and design visualization. 3ds Max and Maya are both 3D animation software used in film visual effects and game development 2. HISTORY Autodesk's first notable product was AutoCAD, a computer-aided design application designed fo run on the systems known as “microcomputers” at the time, including those running the 8-bit CP/M operating system and two of the new 16-bit systems, the Vietor 9000 and the IBM Personal Computer (PC). This tool allowed users to create detailed technical drawings, and was affordable to many smaller design, engineering, and architecture companies. Release 2.1 of AutoCAD, released in 1986, included AutoLISP, a built-in Lisp programming language interpreter initially based on XLISP. This opened the door for third party developers to extend AutoCAD's functionality, to address a wide range of vertical market strengthening AutoCAD's market penetration. Subsequent to AutoCAD Release 13, the company stopped supporting the Unix environment and the Apple Macintosh platform. After AutoCAD Release 14 (R13 was last DOS & Unix release), first shipped in 1997, Autodesk discontinued development under DOS, and focused exclusively on Microsoft Windows. AutoCAD has grown to become the most widely used CAD program for 2D non- specialized applications. The native file formats written by AutoCAD, DXF and DWG, are all widely used for CAD data interoperability. In 1989, Autodesk's sales grew to over $100,000,000 after just four operational years In the 1990s, with the purchase of Softdesk in 1997, Autodesk started to develop specialty versions of AutoCAD, targeted to broad industry segments, including architecture, ivil engineering, and manufacturing. Since the late 1990s, the company has added a number of significant non-AutoCAD-based products, including Revit, aparametric building modeling application (acquired in 2002, from Massachusetts-based Revit Technologies for $133 million), and Inventor, an internally developed parametric mechanical design CAD application. Autodesk introduced its current logo at the TED conference in Long Beach, California on February 26, 2013 jure, engineering and construction — ® AutoCAD Architecture AutoCAD MEP * AutoCAD Civil 3D AutoCAD Map3D © AutoCAD P&ID AutoCAD Plant 3D > Manufacturing - The Company’s manufacturing software is used in various ery, electro-mechanical, manufacturing segments, including industrial mac tool and die, industrial equipment, automotive components, and consumer products © Fusion 360 © Autodesk Product Design Suite # Autodesk Factory Design Suite * Autodesk Inventor Suite » Autodesk Inventor Professional Suite AutoCAD Mechanical © Autodesk Vault © Simulation Mechanical» Media and entertainment - Autodesk Media and Entertainment products are designed for digital media creation, management, and delivery, from film and television visual effects, color grading, and editing to animation, ga development, and design visualization Softimage 3ds Max Mudbox Smoke Flame LustreBEDPDZMMVWPAKA Ey dd Autodesk AutoCAD, Autodesk AutoCAD Architecture, Autodesk AutoCAD Design Suite, AutoCAD Electrical, Autodesk AutoCAD LT, ‘Autodesk AutoCAD Mechanical, Autodesk AutoCAD MEP, Autodesk ‘AutoCAD Raster Design, Autodesk AutoCAD Structural Detailing Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D, Autodesk AutoCAD Map 3D, Autodesk AutoCAD P&ID, Autodesk AutoCAD Plant 3D, Autodesk AutoCAD Autodesk Navisworks Freedom, Autodesk Navisworks Simulate, Autodesk Navisworks Autodesk Alias Autodesk Building Design Suite Autodesk Plant Design Autodesk BIM 360 Glue Autodesk Product Design Suite Autodesk Constructware Autodesk ReCap Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional Autodesk Revit, ‘Autodesk Revit LT, ‘Autodesk AutoCAD Revit LT Suite Autodesk Entertainment Creation Suite Autodesk Factory Design Suite, Autodesk Factory Design Utilities Autodesk Simulation Autodesk FBX Autodesk Flame, ‘Autodesk Flame Premium, Autodesk Flare Autodesk Showcase Autodesk Sketchbook Autodesk Inventor, Designer ‘Autodesk Inventor Professional Autodesk Softimage Autodesk Infraworks Autodesk Smoke Autodesk Maya Autodesk Vault Basic, ‘Autodesk Vault Professional Autodesk MotionBuilder Autodesk 3ds Max Design BEHKNHORPRVVE Autodesk Mudbox mental ray Standalone {\auTovEsKkCHAPTER -3 AUTOCAD A AUTOCAD 1. INTRODUCTIO! AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk, AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with intemal graphics controllers. Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at 2010, AutoCAD was released as a mobile- and web a separate graphics terminal. Si app as well, marketed as AutoCAD 360. AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industri by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, and many other professionals. AutoCAD is available for English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Brazilian, Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian, Albanian (also through additional Language Packs). The latest version was released on 21° March 2017 as AutoCAD 2018 Autodesk has also developed a few vertical programs: * AutoCAD Architecture © AutoCAD Civil © AutoCAD Electrical * AutoCAD eescad © AutoCAD Map 3D © AutoCAD Mechanical © AutoCAD MEP © AutoCAD Structural Detailing* AutoCAD Utility Design © AutoCAD P&ID © AutoCAD Plant 3D iscipline-specific enhancements 2. AUTOCAD WINDOW Once the AutoCAD 2014 window is active, it should appear as shown on the image shown below. However if you look at the upper left hand comer there is a button with the letter (A) written in red. That is called the application menu of the AutoCAD software. At the right of this button, there is the phrase “3D modeling”. This means that the active workspace is 3D modeling. Fig. I: 3D modeling workspace, 1. Application Menu This provides the user with file options 2. Menu bar ke save, open, print The menu bar appears just below the title bar of the AutoCAD 2014 window. It has such tabs as home, solid, surface, mesh and view among others for the case of 3D workspace. If you switch to 2D Drafting & Annotation you find other tabs relevant to 10that workspace. Depending on which tab you are on, you will see a collection of tool icons just below it which are organized into panels. The entire collection of tool icons is, referred to as the ribbon. As are 3. Ribbon This is a collection of tool panels representing groups of tools and features where you It the tabs on the menu bar are called ribbon tabs, will be selecting tools to draw, edit, or perform other functions. It occurs immediately below the menu bar. Clicking on any of the tabs on the menu bar will give you a different ribbon. 4. Drawing Area This is a virtual sheet or modeling environment where your designs appear. It is a boundless area on which your designs are created on a 1:1 scale regardless of their actual life size. The drawing area is also called the canvas. In the default condition, the drawing area will have three icons on display: i. The user coordinate system icon at the bottom left comer. ii. The cross hairs or drawing cursor which may be at any position on the screen depending on whether the user has touched the mouse or not iii, The view cube at the top right corner. This is very useful in 3D drawing because it facilitates viewing the object from multiple directions, 5. Quick Access toolbar Thi: appli such fun s includes the basic fi -handling functions that you find in virtually all windows tion programs. Tt occurs at the immediate right of the application menu. It carries ns as workspace switching and title, new file, open file, save and undo among others. 6. Info Center This is AutoCAD’s online help facility. If you are online type a query there in case you get stuck. 7.uCcS UCS stands for User Coordinate System. In the lower-left comer of the drawing area, you see an L-shaped arrow. This is the UCS icon, which tells you your orientation in the drawing. This icon becomes helpful as you start to work with complex 2D drawings and 3D models. The X and Y arrows indicate the X- and Y-axes of your drawing. The little square at the base of the arrows tells you that you're in what is called the World 11Coordinate System (WCS. Whenever you launch AutoCAD you will be in the world coordinate system (WCS). 8, Command Window. I's located just below the drawing area. As you type in commands on the command line, or pick commands on the ribbon panels, a message is displayed on the command window telling you what to do next. When you issue any command it may also display a list of options related to that command. By so doing it prompts you on your next move. Thus it is also known as the command prompt. The command window and the ribbon complement each other i.e. you can type commands on the command line or click on the ribbon icons. However the command prompts that appear on the command window prevent the user from getting confused. 9. Status Bar The status bar is a thin strip of the AutoCAD window found between the command window and the taskbar, To the extreme left it carries the coordinate readout which indicates to the user the current position of the cursor. Towards the right next to the coordinate readout is the drawing aids panel which carries such tools as object snap, object snap tracking, dynamic UCS and polar tracking among others. These aids assist the user in managing snap and tracking actions. They are activated or deactivated by switching them on or off respectively. To the extreme right of the status bar we find another panel which contains the model and layout tabs, annotation scale and workspace switching tool (gear wheel icon) among others. 3. SELECTING THE WORKSPACE A workspace is a task-oriented drawing environment oriented in such a way provide you with only the tools and interface elements necessary to accomplish the tasks relevant to that environment. You can switch between workspaces by using the Workspa 1f Tool. You can also customize the workspace th way you want and then save it. It will be appearing on the list of workspaces during switching and you can select it as an option, Workspace switching tool takes the form of a gear wheel ISH tocated at the bottom right hand comer of the active window. Clicking on it produc a drop down list of other alternative workspaces. Clicking on either changes the workspace to the selected 12choice. Alternatively you can switch the workspace by clicking on the downward arrow besides the name of the current workspace on the quick access toolbar. 4. FILING AND DATA INPUT AutoCAD 2014 file operations are similar to the file operations in any other Windows program. The general file handling commands include file saving, file opening, file closing and printing of drawings I. OPENING FILES There are three ways to open a drawing in AutoCAD. > Using Application Menu ‘* Click on Application Menu> Open + On elect file dialogue box that appears, browse through the folde: the Look in slot. Thi enables you to navigate to the folder where you've saved your drawing, 7c ing on a file allows you to look at a preview of the drawing. © Select OPEN > Using the Quick Access Toolbar Click on File pull down menu> Open © Atthe Select file dialogue box, browse through to the folder in the Look in slot * Clicking on a file allows you to look at a preview of the drawing. * Now you can click Open in the select file dialogue box. > Using the command line * At the command prompt on the command line, type Open and enter. © Atthe Select file dialogue box, browse through to the folder in the Look in slot * Clicking on a file allows you to look at a preview of the drawing. 1BI. In. © Select OPEN. FILE SAVIN > Tos: ve a drawing for the first time The Save Drawing dialogue box appears when you are saving a drawing for the first time. You are the required to navigate through the folders in the save in slot to select the folder in which you want to save your drawing. Type in the file name and then click save. If you modify a drawing you may wish to save it again but retaining the original template. In this case select save as from the file pull down or the application menu. Give it a name that signifies its current status i.e. taking imo account the changes. Click save. > Saving a File as You Work It's a good idea to save your file periodically as you work on it. As with any Windows program, you can save it under its original name by click on the Save tool on the Quick Access toolbar or under a different name by choosing Save As from the Application menu, thereby creating a new file. v Making Changes Coming up with certain drawings may not take place in one pass. Some will require modifications at virtually every stage. Others involve a series of iterative AutoCAD offers stages before settling on the final copy. In these circumstan the required flexibility as opposed to manual drawing. To keep track of all the modifications, the Save As tool is very essential. CLOSING A FILE Simply click on the X button on the top right comer of the AutoCAD window to close a drawing. A dialogue box appears asking whether to save the changes on the drawing. Select yes to save the changes and no if you don’t want to effect the changes. However it’s usually a good practice to save your files before closing them. 145. COORDINATES ENTRY 1. OVERVIEW. When a command prompts you for a point, you can use the mouse to specify a point, or you can enter a coordinate value at the command prompt. If the dynamic input is switched you can enter coordinate values in tooltips near the cursor: Two-dimensional coordinates can be entered as either Cartesian (X, Y) or Polar coordinates. I. Cartesian Coordinate System A Cartesian coordinate system has three axes, X,Y, and Z. when you enter coordinate values, you indicate a points distance in units and its direction (+ or -) along the X, Y, and Z axes relative to the coordinate system origin (0,0,0). In 2D, you specify points on the XY plane, also called the work plane. The X value of Cartesian coordinate specifies the horizontal distance, and the Y value specifies the vertical distance. The origin point (0, 0) indicates where the two axes meet I. Polar Coordinate tem Polar coordinates use a distance and an angle to locate a point IIL Absolute and Relative Coordinates |. Absolute coordinates Represents a speci ic point in the current work plane relative to the origin point (0.0). To enter an absolute coordinate, type the values as a Cartesian coordinate (X.Y) or Polar coordinate (distance, angle). ii, Relative coordinate A relative coordinate is a point specified with reference to the last point specified. We emphasize that it is with reference to your last specified point and not to the origin. This is the dis hing aspect between relative and absolute coordinates. IV. Dynamic Input When dynamic input is on, tooltips display information near the cursor as it moves. It is called dynamic input because the information moving with the cursor is updated with the motion of the cursor. If you type the X value and press tab, the X field (box) displays a lock icon, The Y field is active and you can enter its value. If you type the X value and press enter, the Y value is ignored and AutoCAD interprets it as direct 15distance entry. This procedure applies to any other set of fields for instance distance and angle. 6. NAVIGATION TOOLS OBJECT DISPLAY 1. Overview ‘When drawing in both 2D and 3D, you may wish to: a, Get a closer look (magnify your drawing). b. View hidden details ¢. Bring the whole drawing into focus. d. View the hidden details of your 3D drawi Fora, b and use the zoom and pan tools as follows i. Zoom in to magnify and zoom out to minimize the size. Zooming out enables you to see the details that are currently spilt out of the screen or make the object smaller in readiness to add details. ii, The pan tool allows you to drag your drawing to a convenient location on the For d use the orbit tool. It is the tool that enables you to view the objects in your drawing from different angles. It is very essential, when drawing in 3D, TI. Accessing the tools A. Zoom a, To zoom a view with a single click, Display a wheel. fi, Right-click the wheel and click Steering Wheel Settings. iii, In the Steering Wheels Settings dialog box, under Zoom Tool, select Enable Single Click Incremental Zoom. Click OK. Display one of the Full Navigation Wheels or the mini View Object Wheel. vi. Click the Zoom wedge. The 1 ication of the model is increased and you are zoomed incl er to the model. If you hold down the Shift key while clicking the 16iv. ‘Zoom wedge, the model is zoomed out or you can hold down the Ctrl key to zoom in Click Close to exit the wheel. To z00m a view in and out by dragging, Display the 2D Navigation wheel, one of the Full Navigation wheels, or the mini View Object wheel. Click and hold down the Zoom wedge. The cursor changes to the Zoom cursor. Drag vertically to zoom in or out, Release the button on your mouse to retum to the wheel NB: The mouse wheel is a very convenient way of zooming in and out B. Pan iv. To pan the drawing with the pan tool. Display the 2D Navigation wheel, one of the Full Navigation wheels, or the mini View Object wheel. s to the Pan cursor Click and hold the Pan wedge. The cursor chang sition the model. Release the button on your pointing device to return to the wheel To pan using the middle mouse button or the mouse wheel. Press and hold down the scroll wheel or jiddle button. The cursor changes to the Pan cursor. Drag to reposition the model Release the wheel or button on your mouse. C. Orbit iv. Display one of the View Object or Full Navigation wheels, Click and hold down the Orbit wedge. The cursor changes to the Orbit cursor. Drag to rotate the model. Release the button on your mouse. 17NB: To navigate to the zoom, pan or orbit tools, go to: a, View tab> navigate panel> zoom or b. View tab> navigate panel> pan or View tab> navigate panel> orbit 7. DRAWING UNITS & LIMITS + UNITS The format, precision, and other settings used to display coordinates, distances, and angles are set through this dialog box, and are saved in the current drawing. It is recommended that you save these settings to your drawing template files to reduce your setup time when you stat a new drawing. The Drawing Units dialog box is displayed. Enter -units at the Command prompt to display options. SLT 2d Lenath- Angle Type: Type: Decimal =] Decimal Degrees =] Precision: Precision: 0.0000 =] 0 >] T Clockwise Drawing units for DesignCenter blocks ‘When inserting blocks into this drawing, scale them to: Millimeters| =] ‘Sample Gutput 1.5.2.0033,0 3<45,0 OK Cancel Help « Limits: . and then decide how much space T need for my When you start a new drawi drawing. Think of it as the size of your drawing area. Then you can define drawing 18limits correctly. Type LIMITS enter. Type 0,0 as lower left comer then type or click the coordinate for upper right comer based on the units which is in Inches or mm, © Command: LIMITS Reset Model space limits: Specify lower left comer or [ON/OFF] <0.0000, 0.0000>: 0, 0 Specify upper right comer <100.0000, 100.0000>: 300.200 8. COMMANDS 1, OVERVIEW AND DEFINITIONS. You communicate with AutoCAD by using tools and Menu options. These devices invoke AutoCAD commands. I. What is a command? It’s a single-word instruction you give to AutoCAD telling it to do something such as draw a line (the line tool in the Draw Ribbon Panel) or erase an object (the Erase tool in the Modify Ribbon Panel). Whenever you invoke a command, by either typing it or selecting a menu option or tool, AutoCAD responds by presenting messages to you in the Command Window and the Dynamic Input display or by displaying a dialogue box By right clicking during the drawing process, a context-sensitive short cut menu is displayed; ic. if you are in the middle of a command, this menu displays a list of options specifically related to that command, Il. Command tools. Move the arrow cursor to the Line tool and rest it there. Do not click yet. Hold it there for a little while and then for a longer while. You will see two tool tips. The first tip gives you the tool tip name and the keyboard command associated with the tool. The second tip gives a brief explanation of how to use the tool. This happens to all other tools on the ribbon, To be able to draw effectively with AutoCAD, you must learn how to tell AutoCAD what you want, and even more important, understand what AutoCAD wants from you, III. Methods of Accessing/Activating Commands. i, Clicking on the command tool/icon on the Ribbon Panels. ii, Typing the command on the Keyboard. 19Use of Accelerator Keys. These are special keystrokes that open and activate drop down menu options. Example is Ctrl+S for save and Ctrl+C for copy. iv, Use of Aliases; (one, two or three letter abbreviations of a command name). These are also typed on the key board. 2. Draw Command Tools Z Line: With the Line command you can draw a simple line from one point to another. Cross Hairs Fe Rubber Pt lconstruction Line: The construction line commands creates a line of infinite length which passes through two picked point. boty the resulting object may be composed of a number of segments which form a Phe Polyline command is similar to the line command except that single object. iv. Glrectangle: The Rectangle command is used to draw a rectangle whose sides on and size of the rectangle are defined by are vertical and horizontal. The posit picking two diagonal corners. 20Pa v. polygon: The Polygon command can be used to draw any regular polygon from 3 sides up to 1024 sides. This command requires four inputs from the user, the number of sides, a pick point for the centre of the polygon, whether you want polygon inscribed or circumscribed and then a pick point which determines both the radius of this imaginary circle and the orientation of the polygon. The polygon command creates a closed polyline in the shape of the required polygon. 2 - ne (oo fh \ i Inscribed Circumseribes Eage vi. Blcircte: The Circle command is used to draw circles. There are a number of ways you can define the circle. The default method is to pick the centre point and then to either pick a second point on the circumference of the circle or enter the circle radius at the keyboard. P2 Pt vii, Elaresthe Are command allows you to draw an are of a circle. There are numerous ways to define an arc; the default method uses three pick points, a start point, a second point and an end point 21a smooth curve that is fitted along a number of control spine: A spline points. The Fit Tolerance option can be used to control how closely the spline conforms to the control points. A low tolerance value causes the spline to form close to the control points. ix. Glenipse: The Eltipse command gives you a number of different creation options. The default option is to pick the two end points of an axis and then a third point to define the eccentricity of the ellipse. P a Axis 22[ltaten: Hatch is used to add shaded patterns to objects and shapes. You can ale, Angle, Points Ae ci0206 Hei ey 3. MODIFY COMMANDS +3+ Move () Rotate 3, Copy Al. Mirror (] Fillet - ao EA Stretch Fj Scale GOAray ~- Modify ~ © & ofset: Create a duplicate object parallel with the original object. If this object is a Polyline or a Circle, the duplicate shape will be transformed inwards or outwards. © B copy: Copy’s one or more objects. © Wi tirror: Create a mirror image of an object. It is useful for creating symmetrical objects because you can quickly draw half the object and then mirror it instead of drawing the entire object. 23« BB Array: Create copies of objects in a rectangular or polar pattern, This is especially useful when you need to duplicate several objects at the same distance from each other. For rectangular arrays, you control the number of rows and columns and the distance between each. For polar arrays, you control the number of copies of the object and whether the copies are rotated. «© ® Move: Moves one or more objects. © © Rotate: You can rotate objects with an absolute or relative angle. When using an absolute angle: Specify the base point and then specify the rotation angle. © Elscate: a scale factor greater than 1 enlarges the object. It is also possible to scale an object using a reference object. This method scales the object equally in all directions. 24Prim: With the trim option objects can be shortened or lengthened with the edges of other objects. Objects can exactly be fitted between these objects. Bl extend: With the extend option you can shorten or lengthen objects to meet the edges of other objects. For example a line can be exactly fitted between objects. Extending an object works in the same way as trimming. F Fintet: You can use the fillet tool to connect two objects with an arc with a specified radius. The inside comer is called a fillet and an outside corner is called a round, F chamfer is almost identical to fillet, but it will make a straight line instead of an BB goin: You can use the j object. It is also possible to create complete circles from ares. are. option to combine similar objects into one single 25jatches or blocks can be converted into individual Explode: Polylines, h elements with the explode option. If you explode a polyline every segment will become a separate line. ne Drawings using Draw and Modify Toolbars9. DIMENSION TOOLBAR You can create several types of dimensions for a variety of object types in many orientations and alignments, The basic types of dimensioning are linear, radial, angular, ordinate, and arc length. Use the DIM command to create dimensions automatically according to the object type that you want to dimension. You can control the appearance of dimensions by setting up dimension styles, or by editing individual dimensions in special cases. Dimension styles allow you to specify your conventions quickly and maintain industry or project dimensioning standards. 7Fy ise a armen] 2 |S) [Ft Hi|~ [telat et aNd @® radios PD) soaves 1. Linear Dimensions - Linear dimensions can be horizontal, vertical, or aligned You can create an aligned, horizontal, or vertical dimension with the DIM « and depending on how you move the cursor when placing the text 2. Radial Dimensions - A radial dimension measures the radius or diameter of arcs and circles with an optional centreline or center mark. COBOD Angular Dimensions - Angular dimensions measure the angle between two sel 3. d geometric objects or three points. 28Ordinate Dimensions - Ordinate dimensions measure the perpendicular distances from an origin point called the datum, such as a hole in a part. These dimensions prevent escalating errors by maintaining accurate offsets of the features from the datum. 6—+O ® ert / Are Length Dimensions - Arc length dimensions measure the distance along an 40 170 1 130— s of are length dimensions include are or polyline are segment. Typical us measuring the travel distance around a cam or indicating the length of a cable 730 mm Baseline and Continued Dimensions - Continued dimensions, also called chained dimensions, are multiple dimensions placed end-to-end. 29Baseline dimensions are multiple dimensions with offset dimension lines measured from the same location.10, TEXT COMMAND 1. A muttiine Text - For longer notes and labels with internal formatting, use multiline text 2 A Single-line Text - For short, simple notes and labels, use single-line text. De uC WS ee A11, TABLE A table is a compound object that contains data in rows and columns. It can be created from an empty table or a table style. A table can also be linked to data in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet ant i ~~) Talestye xtc © Speyer pot Sect rot r sere fom ent le eke brew stings froma date Fon bet dln the Gang Cala etci) ee Tile Sets Festuca te Feoder | Heaven | Header Dota Dota Tota Seton Dota Tota | oberon ee Tata] Tata | [data] Tata | Tata] t_ | Some Drawings of Table:a7 * & | Total EE ¢ 1 Database of Student 2 S.No. Name Fees 3 a Pawan 1000 4 2 Sachin 1500 5 3 Suraj 1500 6 4 Arun 2000 Tota 6000 8 3 12. LAYER Layers are the primary method for organizing the objects in a drawing by function or purpose. Layers can reduce the visual complexity of a drawing and improve display performance by hiding information that you don’t need to see at the moment. You gain this level of control by organizing the objects in your drawing on layers that are associated with a specific function or a purpose. It might be helpful to think of layers as clear plastic sheets: Cabinets Fixtures: Electrical Doors Floor plan 34With layers, you can + Associate objects by their function or location + Display or hide all related objects in a single operation + Enforce linetype, color, and other property standards for each layer a et EAE zee |G em COND — tenn = wo | 0 3 oft gmt Canes — Sana 8 ms Ee | 0 et Elysee Comme — Denn a 2 Fic #e 5 35Some Drawings with L: S13. BLOCK In AutoCAD, a block is a collection of objects that are combined into a single named object. The following are some sample blocks at various scales. CUE gf Bee +@® i Some of these blocks are r representations of objects, some are symbols, and one of them is an architectural title block for a D-size drawing. * INSERT A BLOCK ‘Typically, each of these blocks is an individual drawing file, perhaps saved in a folder with similar drawing files. When you need to insert one into your current drawing file, you use the INSERT command (or enter I in the Command window), Ck Day Oa cee ag The first time you insert the drawing as a block, you need to click Browse to locate the drawing file. Make sure you organize your blocks into easy-to-find folders.Nee: ESSE Path: Locate using Geooraphic Data Insertion point Scale ©) Specty On-screen Specty On-screen 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Once inserted, the block definition is stored in your current drawing. From then on, you can choose it from the Name drop-down list without needing to click the Browse button. * CREATE A BLOCK DEFINITIO! Instead of creating a drawing file to be inserted as a block, you might want to create a block definition directly in your current drawing. Use this method if you do not plan to insert the block into a yy other drawing. In that case, use the BLOCK command to create the block definition, cr el Pa ee 3814, ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS A 2D isometric drawing is a flat representation of a 3D isometric projection. This method of drawing provides a fast way to create an isometric view of a simple design, Distances m, le, but because you are sured along an isometric axis are correct to drawing in 2D, you cannot expect to extract other 3D distances and areas, disy objects from different viewpoints, or remove hidden lines automatically By using the ISODRAFT command, several system variables and settings are automatically changed to values that f ate isometric angles, The standard isometric planes, called isoptanes, are as follows: + Right. Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 90-degree axes. + Left. Aligns snap and grid along 90- and 150-degree axes. + Top. Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 150-degree axes. Choosing one of the three isoplanes automatically causes the crosshairs cursor, and precision drawing and tracking tools to be aligned along the corresponding isometric axes. Therefore, you can draw the top plane, switch to the left plane to draw a side, and switch to the right plane to complete the drawing. L- NI a TN OX it LG You can use the Isometric Drafting tool on the status bar to select the desired isoplane. Altematively, you can press F5 or Ctrl+E to cycles through the isoplanes, 3915. 3D MODELIN¢ 3D solid primitives are standard shapes which are provided among the ribbon options on the 3D modeling workspace. They include box, wedge, cone, cylinder, sphere, pyramid and torus. The principles of drawing them are similar. © @ Box: Box command on the toolbar modeling is used to draw 3D models such as cubes and block. Creates a box with sides of equal length. + (Jeytinder: The eylinder was ereated using a center point (I), a point on the radius (2), and a point for the height (3). The base of the cylinder is always on a plane parallel with the workplane. a2@ + sphere: Specifies the center point of the sphere. When you specify the center point, the sphere is positioned so that its central axis is parallel to the Z axis of the current user coordinate system (UCS). Defines the radius or diameter of the sphere. a1© LS Wedge: The direction of the taper is always in the positive X-axis direction ao © ©Ororus: specifies the center point of the torus. When you specify the center of the UCS. point, the torus is positioned so that its central axis is parallel to the Z axis of the current user coordinate system (UCS). Defines the radius of the torus and then define the radius of the tube. © Drotysotid: You can create a 3D solid with polysolid just as you would a polyline. You can also convert existing 2D objects such as lines, 2D polylines, ares, and circles to 3D solids with a default height, width, and justification. a2+ (1 Extrude: Objects can be extruded orthogonally from the plane of the source object, in a specified direction, or along a selected path, You can also specify a taper angle. + © Loft: Creates 3D solid or surface in the space between several cross sections. The cross sections define the shape of the resulting solid or surface. ‘You must specify at least two cross sections. + D Sweep: Creates a 3D solid or 3D surface by sweeping a 2D object or subobject along an open or closed path. “8 43Revolve: Creates a 3D solid or surface by sweeping an object around an axis, You cannot revolve objects contained within a block or objects that will self-intersect. REVOLVE ignores the width of a polyline and revolves from the center of the path of the polyline. BOOLEAN OPERATIO! ¢ Union: Combines two or more 3D solids, surfaces, or 2D regions into a single, composite 3D solid, surface, or region, Select two or more objects of the same type to combine. a8 SB ‘0s before UNION solids ater UNION ubtract: Creates as a new object by subtracting one overlapping region or 3D solid from another. Objects in the second selection set are subtracted from objects in the first selection set. A single new 3D solid or surface is created. sold to be subtracted sole to subtract sold ater SUBTRACT from 44+ © Interseet: With INTERSECT, you can create a 3D solid from the common volume of two or more existing 3D solids, surfaces, or regions. If you select a mesh, you can convert it to a solid or surface before completing the operation. You can extrude 2D profiles and then intersect them to create a complex model efficiently. Select intersect command. Select the two object which intersect and then tap enter. A16. PRINTING AND PLOTTING Output a drawing layout to a printer, a plotter, or a file. Save and restore the printer settings for each layout. Originally, people printed text from printers and plotted drawings from plotters. Now, you can do both with either.(A Plot Meet — a are: (nes ae ma ates centr cetrs ae 7 atest (Aaaiioves >) Peter: Nene ow (toms hee: Notapleae Dexroten: Te loaut ote stern nen ter Suprotanrone sence Potontore rot toe Potntadgrans — wore (tA 50 6 eh 2 Pot wth ot vee vit at reo oe mencnc = et staroo3 ome see (Gt Sos hrges nyt Poteet ong set sete wes) (re T)* — crmrgerentatn 0.00000 rch ganar et ean Pareat —— a a ’ sche ma x = = Ge © For convenience, you can save and restore collections of these settings by name. These are called page setups. With page setups you can store the settings that you need for different printers, printing in gray scales, creating a PDF file from your drawing, and so on, The plot style table provides information about processing colors. Some PDF Format of Drawing 47d i & #6 ans ws Roy Ru 48,CHAPTER - 4 CONCLUSION Internshala has a very good market in the internship program. The company is offering good services, which is reflected on the satisfaction of the customer. Majority of the ied with the service. This is the only company which provide internship in India. It guides us to help to set up and manage a large project. It makes feel free to interns are satis adjust the recommendations to suit the way we work. This report covered the preview of our learning path and study materials. The use of ay advani es. It can help to reduce the time it takes to produce the drawing needed in the work environment, AutoCAD software is the most amazing range of mechanical computer aided design tool. It is now considered to be the best according to industry standards that can be obtained for a wide array of designing, Mechanical Engineering Sen nd other industrial purposes. The use of AutoCAD may also be relied on heavily in order to create efficiencies within the industries. We explored different materials ranging from text, tutorials and Youtube videos so as get to grips with the finer details of mastering AutoCAD. We were guided by the fact that there is more to learning AutoCAD than drawing simple figures and lines. It has very vast application in the field of manufacturing, architecture, electrical, and many more. The company Autodesk provides wide range of application and software which reduces the effort to create complex drawing and casy to maintain, With the help of AutoCAD, we can create design very quickly. It improves the quality of the drawing which we can’t get by hand drafting. With the help of this software, drawing can be easily modified whenever wanted which reduces the human effort. We can easily transfer files from one place to another in no time which reduces the time. This software is utilized to provide some useful and practical designing software that will allow users to visualize as well as create prototypes of a product in reality and quick time. AutoCAD sofiware allows developers to give form to their out of the box ideas. 49BIBLIOGRAPHY WEBSITES: © hitps://www.google.com/ e https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/internshala © https://internshala.com/about_us © hittps://www.autodesk.com/company © https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk © https://www.autodesk.in/products/autocad/ © hitps://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/leamn-explore/ 50