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THYROID Inf PDF

The document discusses hypothyroidism, which is an underactive thyroid gland that does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Some key points: - Hypothyroidism affects nearly 5 out of 100 Americans and is more common in women and older adults. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and dry skin. - It is treated by taking a thyroid hormone medicine like levothyroxine to replace the hormones the thyroid can no longer produce. The dosage is monitored through blood tests. - Left untreated during pregnancy, hypothyroidism can affect both the mother and baby, so treatment is important. Rarely, severe untreated cases can lead to myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition

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85 views5 pages

THYROID Inf PDF

The document discusses hypothyroidism, which is an underactive thyroid gland that does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Some key points: - Hypothyroidism affects nearly 5 out of 100 Americans and is more common in women and older adults. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and dry skin. - It is treated by taking a thyroid hormone medicine like levothyroxine to replace the hormones the thyroid can no longer produce. The dosage is monitored through blood tests. - Left untreated during pregnancy, hypothyroidism can affect both the mother and baby, so treatment is important. Rarely, severe untreated cases can lead to myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition

Uploaded by

MohdIrfanIrfan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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{SHIFA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE SINDHBAL}

“THYROID TESTING KA SHANSHAH”


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THYROID GLAND
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland that sits low on the front of the
neck. Your thyroid lies below your Adam’s apple, along the front of the
windpipe. The thyroid has two side lobes, connected by a bridge
(isthmus) in the middle. When the thyroid is its normal size, you can’t
feel it.
Brownish-red in color, the thyroid is rich with blood vessels. Nerves
important for voice quality also pass through the thyroid.
The thyroid secretes several hormones, collectively called thyroid
hormones. The main hormone is thyroxine, also called T4. Thyroid
hormones act throughout the body, influencing metabolism, growth and
development, and body temperature. During infancy and childhood,
adequate thyroid hormone is crucial for brain development.

What is hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland doesn’t
make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs. The thyroid is a small,
butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones control the way your
body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in your body, even the way your
heart beats. Without enough thyroid hormones, many of your body’s functions slow
down.

The thyroid is a small gland in your neck that makes thyroid hormones.

How common is hypothyroidism?


Nearly 5 out of 100 Americans ages 12 years and older have hypothyroidism, although
most cases are mild or have few obvious symptoms.1

Who is more likely to develop hypothyroidism?


Women are much more likely than men to develop hypothyroidism. The disease is also
more common among people older than age 60.1

You are more likely to have hypothyroidism if you

 had a thyroid problem before, such as a goiter


 had surgery or radioactive iodine to correct a thyroid problem
 received radiation treatment to the thyroid, neck, or chest
 have a family history of thyroid disease
 were pregnant in the past 6 months

 Sjögren’s syndrome , a disease that causes dry eyes and mouth


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 pernicious anemia , a condition caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency
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 type 1 or type 2 diabetes


 rheumatoid arthritis , an autoimmune disease that affects the joints
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 lupus , a chronic autoimmune inflammatory condition


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Is hypothyroidism during pregnancy a problem?


Left untreated, hypothyroidism during pregnancy can affect both mother and baby.
However, thyroid medicines can help prevent problems and are safe to take during
pregnancy. Many women taking thyroid hormone medicine need a higher dose during
pregnancy, so contact your doctor right away if you find out you’re pregnant.

What are the complications of hypothyroidism?


Hypothyroidism can contribute to high cholesterol. If you have high cholesterol,
you should get tested for hypothyroidism. Rarely, severe untreated hypothyroidism may
lead to myxedema coma, an extreme form of hypothyroidism in which the body’s
functions slow to a life-threatening point. Myxedema coma requires immediate medical
treatment.

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?


Hypothyroidism has many symptoms that can vary from person to person. Some
common symptoms of hypothyroidism include

 fatigue
 weight gain
 trouble tolerating cold
 joint and muscle pain
 dry skin or dry, thinning hair
 heavy or irregular menstrual periods or fertility problems
 slowed heart rate
 depression
Dry, thinning hair is one of many symptoms that might indicate hypothyroidism

Medicines That causes hypothyroidism:-


Some medicines can interfere with thyroid hormone production and lead to
hypothyroidism, including certain
 heart medicines
 bipolar disorder medicines
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 cancer medicines

How do doctors diagnose hypothyroidism?


Your doctor will take your medical history and perform a physical exam. A
hypothyroidism diagnosis can’t be based on symptoms alone because many of its
symptoms are the same as those of other diseases.1 That’s why your doctor may use
several thyroid blood tests and imaging tests to confirm the diagnosis and find its cause.

Because hypothyroidism can cause fertility problems, women who have trouble getting
pregnant often get tested for thyroid problems.

A blood test might confirm a diagnosis of hypothyroidism.

How do doctors treat hypothyroidism?


Hypothyroidism is treated by replacing the hormones that your own thyroid can no
longer make. You will take levothyroxine , a thyroid hormone medicine identical to a
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hormone a healthy thyroid makes.3 Usually prescribed in pill form, this medicine is also
available as a liquid and as a soft gel capsule. These newer formulas may help people
with digestive problems to absorb the thyroid hormone. Your doctor may recommend
taking the medicine in the morning before eating.

Your doctor will give you a blood test about 6 to 8 weeks after you begin taking the
medicine, adjusting your dose if needed. Each time your dose is adjusted, you’ll have
another blood test. Once you’ve reached a dose that’s working for you, your doctor will
probably repeat the blood test in 6 months and then once a year.

Your hypothyroidism most likely can be completely controlled with thyroid hormone
medicine, as long as you take the recommended dose as instructed. Never stop taking
your medicine without talking with your doctor first. Taking too much thyroid hormone
medicine can cause serious problems, such as atrial fibrillation or osteoporosis .1
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