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SST Notes: Geography

The document provides information about the physical features of India including: 1) It defines the Bhabar as the narrow belt of pebbles along the foothills of the Shiwaliks from the Indus to the Teesta. 2) It names the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south as the Great Himalayas, Middle Himalayas, and Outer Himalayas. 3) It states that the Malwa plateau lies between the Aravali and Vindhya ranges. 4) It identifies the Lakshadweep Islands as the island group of India having coral origin.

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92 views

SST Notes: Geography

The document provides information about the physical features of India including: 1) It defines the Bhabar as the narrow belt of pebbles along the foothills of the Shiwaliks from the Indus to the Teesta. 2) It names the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south as the Great Himalayas, Middle Himalayas, and Outer Himalayas. 3) It states that the Malwa plateau lies between the Aravali and Vindhya ranges. 4) It identifies the Lakshadweep Islands as the island group of India having coral origin.

Uploaded by

Geet
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SST NOTES

Geography
  CH-2 -Physical Features of India
Q.1.What is the Bhabar?
Ans. The Bhabar is that narrow belt of the plain which is covered with pebbles and lies along the foothills of the
Shiwaliks from the Indus to the Teesta.
Q.2.Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.
   Ans. 

 The Great or the Inner Himalayas or the Himadri.


 the Middle Himalayas or the Himachal.
 the Outer Himalayas or the Shivaliks.
Q.3.Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhya ranges?
Ans. The Malwa plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhya ranges.
Q.4.Name the island group of India having coral origin.
Ans. Lakshadweep Islands is the island group of India having coral origin
Q.5.Differeniate between the following:
i) Bhangar and Khadar
Ans:

BHANGAR KHADAR

These are the older alluvium or old soil and form the The newer and younger deposits of the flood
largest part of the Northern Plains. plains. Renewed every Year.

Lies above floodplains of rivers. Is newer, younger deposit of flood

Presents a terrace-like feature. Contains calcareous deposits locally


known as Kankar.

Less fertile More fertile

 
(ii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
Ans:

WESTERN GHATS EASTERN GHATS


Mark the western edge of the Deccan Plateau. Mark the eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau.

Continuous, can be crossed through the passes Discontinuous, irregular and dissected by rivers draining
only. into the Bay of Bengal.

Higher; average elevation is Lower; average elevation is 600 meters


900−1600 meters

This range is a source of many large rivers. No big river originates from this range.

It experiences orographic rain mostly in It receives rain both in summer and winter, especially in
summer due to the summer monsoons. The winter through winter monsoons. However, here the rain is
climate is hot and moist. lesser than the western strip.

Soil is highly fertile. Rice, spices, rubber and Soil is not as fertile as western ghats. Rice, ground nuts,
fruits like coconuts, cashew nuts etc. are cotton, tobacco, coconuts etc. are grown
grown

Q.6. Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region
with that of the Peninsular plateau.
Answer : The major physiographic divisions of India are :
(i) The Himalayan Mountains
(ii) The Northern Plains
(iii) The Peninsular Plateau
(iv) The Indian Desert
(v) The Coastal Plains
(vi) The Islands

THE HIMALAYAN REGION THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU

Young fold mountains made from the uplift of the strata formed Created from igneous and metamorphic
by the sedimentary rocks. rocks.

Consists of the loftiest mountains and deep valleys Consists of broad and shallow valleys,
and rounded hills

The ranges have I-shaped and U-shaped valleys. It has  rift valleys and troughs.
It is the origin of perennial rivers. It has rainfed, seasonal rivers.

From the point of view of geology, this region forms an This region forms a stable zone
unstable zone

Q.7. Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.


Ans: The Northern Plains have been formed from the alluvium that the mountain rivers deposited here. This
turned the soil on the surfaced land fertile for growing a rich harvest of a variety of crops. This led to the
development of the Indus River Valley Civilisation. The rich soil was further aided by favourable climate and
constant water supply from the rivers. Between the mouths of the Indus and the Ganga-Brahmaputra, the North
Indian Plain covers a distance of 3200 km. It is 300 to 150 km wide at some places. The North Indian Plains
have the Indus river system in the west and the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system in the east. 
The first includes Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj. The Indus flows into the Arabian Sea. 
The second includes Ganga, its tributaries and the Brahmaputra which combine as Meghna as they drain into
the Bay of Bengal. They form the world’s largest and fastest growing delta. The difference in relief has led the
North Indian Plains to be divided into four zones : 
(i) Bhabhar, 
(ii) Tarai, 
(iii) Bangar and 
(iv) Khadar.

Q.8. Write short notes on the following.


(i) The Indian Desert
Ans. (i)The Indian desert lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills.It is an undulating sandy plain
covered with sand dunes called barchans. This region receives very low rainfall below 150 mm per year (15 cm)
. It has a dry climate with low vegetation cover. Streams appear during the rainy season. Soon after they
disappear into the sand as they do not have enough water to reach the sea. Luni is the only large river in this
region.
(ii) The Central Highlands
Ans. The part of the peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada River covering a major area of the
Malwa plateau is known as the Central Highlands. The Vindhya range is bounded by the Central Highlands on
the south and the Aravalli range on the northwest. The flow of the rivers draining this region, namely the
Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa and Ken is from southwest to northeast, thus indicating the slope. The Central
Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east. The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally
known as the Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The Chotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension,
drained by the Damodar River.
(iii) The Island groups of India
Ans. India has 2 main island groups, namely Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar island. The
Lakshadweep consists of many small islands located opposite the Kerala coast in the Arabian Sea. The islands
of this group are formed of coral deposits called ‘atolls’ in Malayalam which refers to their ring or ‘horse-shoe’
shape. 
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, on the other hand, are larger in size. They are more in number and more
widely scattered. There are about 200 islands in the Andaman group and 19 islands in the Nicobar group.
NOTE- PREPARE ONLY THE FOLLOWING QUESTION AND ASWERS FOR THE THEORY EXAMINATION
ALONG WITH THE MAP WORK.

Answer the following:


1. Which is the oldest landmass of the Indian subcontinent and was part of
the Gondwana land?
2. Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.
3. Name the outer-most range of the Himalayas.
4. Describe how the Himalayas were formed.
5. Name the island group of India having coral origin.
6. Which plateau lies between the Aravalli and the Vindhya range? Write a
brief note on the same.
7. Give a detailed account of the Northern Plains in India.
8. What is the Bhabar?
9. Which part of the Himalayas is known as Purvanchal? Write a short
note on the Purvanchal Himalayas.

MAP WORK
History
Ch-1: The French Revolution 
Outline Political Map of France (For locating and labelling / Identification) 
1. Bordeaux 
2. Nantes 
3. Paris 
4. Marseilles 

Ch-2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution 


Outline Political Map of World (For locating and labelling / Identification)
Major countries of First World War
(Central Powers and Allied Powers) 
1. Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey (Ottoman Empire), Allied
Powers - France, England, Russia, U.S.A.  

Geography
Ch-1: India-Size and Location
1. India-States with Capitals, Tropic of Cancer, Standard Meridian (Location
and Labelling) 

Ch-2: Physical Features of India


1. Mountain Ranges: The Karakoram, The Zasker, The Shivalik, The Aravali, The
Vindhya, The Satpura, Western & Eastern Ghats 
2. Mountain Peaks – K2, Kanchan Junga, Anai Mudi 
3. Plateau - Deccan Plateau, Chotta Nagpur Plateau, Malwa Plateau 
4. Coastal Plains - Konkan, Malabar, Coromandal & Northern Circar (Location and
Labelling

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