BREEDS AND SPECIES OF

LIVESTOCK & POULTRY

PERTEMUAN 3
 Some Definitions:
Livestock (livestock, farm animals): all domestic
animals (mostly mammals and aves) that depend
partly or entirely on humans and provide economic
benefits to humans.
Livestock (breeds, races, families): groups of animals
in one species (species) that have the same origins, and
have a characteristic that is stable and can be
inherited to their offspring
Livestock type / shape: ideal form of livestock; is a
combination of livestock traits that are useful for
certain production purposes
 LIVESTOCK & POULTRY
SPECIES
Cattle: Bos taurus (European cattle), Bos indicus (Indian
cattle), Bos banteng (B. javanicus and B. Sundaicus).
Water buffalo: Bubalus bubalis
Horse: Equus caballus L.
Sheep: Ovis aries L.
Goat: Capra hircus L.
Swine, Pig: Sus scrofa L (European pig), Sus vittatus L
(Chinese pig and Indian pig)
Chicken: Gallus gallus, G. bankiva, G. varius
Duck: Anas platyrhynchos L
 CATTLE TYPES:
Type of beef (beef cattle):
- cylindrical body shape (blocky)
- back line is straight and wide, belly line is straight
- deep chest, short legs, full buttocks
Dairy Type (dairy cattle):
- body shape like a wedge
- thin body, protruding bones, the back of the body and
udder well developed
Dual-purpose type (dual purpose type):
- produce milk and good meat
Work Type (Draft type):
- big and muscular body, muscular long legs
Beef Cattle
Breeds of beef cattle:
- at least 800 breeds of cattle around the
world.
- 60 breeds of beef cattle are in the USA.
- Average weight of cows : 700 kg
- Average weight of bulls : 1000 kg
 Angus
Angus or Aberdeen Angus
cattle produce quality beef.

Origin: Scotland

So if you are wanting to raise

cattle for meat, then you
should definitely look into this
breed.

Appearance:
Color: black or red
Size: medium (600-900 kg)
Horns: naturally polled
 Red Angus Bull

Red angus is beef cattle.

This cattle is from mainland

europe and developed in
Scotland and England.

Color: red
Size: medium (550-850 kg)
Horns: polled
 BRAHMAN
-Brahman is developed from the
Zebu cattle of Asia.
-Used often in crossbreeding.
-The famous one is Brangus.
-Adapt well to any climate.
-They have hump.
-Their hair colour from pale grey
to black.
-Bulls are often darker
-Brahman cattle have horns.
-Bulls weigh 900kg, cows 600kg.
-Calves birth weights about 28kg.
-Resistant to parasites.
 BRAHMAN

-Easy to handle with a friendly

nature.
-Excellent mothers.
-Their libido is strong.
-Grow quickly.
-Carcasses have low fat and high
muscle content.
-Dressing percentage is also high.
 Brangus
-This is an excellent choice
of breed for a beef cow.
-Developed in USA in 1949.
-37,5% Brahman, 62,5%
Angus
-Bull 900kg, cow 500kg
-Color completely black
and completely red.
-Less bloat and ticks.
-Temperament is pleasant.
-Highly productive.
-High marbling score.
 Charolais
The Charolais is a breed that
was developed in France.
They are for beef and are
often crossed with Angus.

But they are growing really

well and producing high
quality meat and hides.

Appearance:
Color: white and creamy
Size: 600-1000 kg
Horns: naturally horned
 GELBVIEH
The original purpose was to
work the land, produce dairy,
and also produce beef.

However, now, most cows in

this breed are usually used
strictly to produce beef.

Color: red
Size: large (800-1100 kg)
Horns: originally horned, but
now polled
 Chianina
This breed originated in Italy,
but is now used as a beef
breed all over the world.

This breed is one of the

largest breeds of cows you
can raise this day in age.
 Hereford
This breed of cow is a popular
breed.

It is used in many different

parts of the world and in many
different climates.

Mainly used for meat and it is

in 50 different countries across
the world.

Color: red and white

Size: medium (600-800 kg)
Horns: short
 Limousin
An ancient cattle, found in
ancient paintings from France.

They can now be found all over

the world. Used for work, but
they are mainly bred for beef.

Color: light wheat to dark

golden red
Size: large (1100-1250 kg)
Horns: short and polled
 Shorthorn
The shorthorn was developed
to be a dual purpose breed.

Now, you can purchase either a

beef shorthorn or a dairy
shorthorn depending upon
which purpose you’d like to
have cattle for.

Color: red, white, roan

Size: large (850-1100 kg)
Horns: horned and polled
 Santa Gertrudis
This was actually the first beef
breed to be formed in the United
States. It is a mixed breed that
contains both Brahman and
Shorthorn.

So if you are looking for an

approved beef breed within the
United States, this might be a
good breed to check into.
 Simmental
Multipurpose breed. The
oldest breeds. It is a Swiss
breed but has been raised in
the United States since around
1800.

United States usually produces

them for beef n dairy.

Color: red and white, red,

black
Size: large (1000-1400 kg)
Horns: horned and polled
 WAGYU
-Wa = Japanese Gyu = cattle
-This cattle is originally from
several breeds of Europe and
Korea such as Brown Swiss,
Shorthorn, Devon, Simmental,
Ayrshire, Korean, Holstein
and Angus in 1887.
Crossbreeding of these breeds
produce crossbreds.
-Selection of these crossbreds
on one trait produce Wagyu
beef cattle.
 Dairy Type (Dairy Cattle)
Dairy types of cattle breed:
From around 800 breeds of cattle in the world,
only a few breeds as the milk producers.
The average body weight: male 750 kg, female
550 kg
The milk production from 8,800 – 22,000 lbs/year
or 20 – 60 liters/day
Milk fat content 3.5 – 5.0%
 Frisien Holstein
Black spotted white
Origin: Nederlands
Body weight: 550-
750 kg
Highest milk prod.
22,000 pounds/year
Low milk fat
(3.5%)
 Jersey
Origin: Jersey Island
(Britain)
Body weight 450-
600 kg
High milk fat (5%)
High protein
Milk production
16,000 lbs/year
 Guernsey
Origin: Isle of Guernsey
(Britain)
Body weight 550-700 kg
Milk production
16,500 lbs/year
Milk fat 4,5%
 Ayrshires
Red spotted white
Origin Scotlandia
Body weight 600-800
kg
Milk production
18,000 lbs/year
Milk fat 3,9 %
Dual-purpose Type:
Dual-purpose cattle breeds:
- Milking Shorthorn
- Brown Swiss
- Simmental
- Devon
- Red Polled
 Milking Shorthorn
Dual purpose
Origin: England
Body weight 600-800
kg
Milk production
17,500 lbs/year
Milk fat 3,7%
 Brown Swiss
Dual purpose
Origin: Switzerland
Body weight 750-950
kg
Milk fat 4%
Milk production
18,500 lbs/year
 Brown Swiss
Dual purpose
Origin: Switzerland
Body weight 750-950
kg
Milk fat 4%
Milk production
18,500 lbs/year
 Milking Devon
Dual purpose
Origin: England
Body weight 500-750
kg
Color: red, tail white
Milk fat 4-6%
Milk quality = Jersey
 Red Polled
Dual purpose
Origin: England
Body weight 700-
950 kg
Milk production
8,800 lbs/year
Draft Type:
Draft type cattle breed:
- Zebu, Bos indicus
- Sumba Ongole cattle
- Peranakan Ongole cattle
- Madura cattle
ZEBU
Draft type cattle breed:
- Zebu, Bos indicus
- Sumba Ongole cattle
- Peranakan Ongole cattle
- Madura cattle
 ZEBU
Zebu, Bos indicus
Origin: India
Zebu has hump
Has more sweat gland
Adapt to hot climate
Small size
 SUMBA ONGOLE
Sumba Ongole cattle
Origin: Indonesia
Carcass percentage 51-
56%
Has more sweat gland
Adapt to hot climate
Small size 250 – 650 kg
 PERANAKAN ONGOLE
Peranakan Ongole cattle
Origin: Indonesia
Carcass percentage 50%
Has more sweat gland
Adapt to hot climate
Small size 250 – 450 kg
 MADURA CATTLE
Madura cattle
Origin: Madura,
Indonesia
Carcass percentage 60%
Has more sweat gland
Adapt to hot climate
Small size 300 – 500 kg
 BUFFALOES
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phyllum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Suborder: Ruminantia
Family: Bovidae
Subfamily: Bovinae
Tribe: Bovini
Genus: Bubalus
 WILD BUFFALO BREEDS
Buffalo is in Bovine Family
Wild Buffaloes in Asia:
1. Bubalus bubalis from wild water buffalo (Bubalus
arnee), body weight 750-1300 kg, found in India.
2. Bubalus mindorensis, Tamaraw, Mindoro dwarf
buffalo, Timaraw, Tamarao, Tamarau, small size
buffalo, found in Philippines.
3. Bubalus depresicornis, Anoa, small size buffalo
(300 kg BW), found in Sulawesi (Celebes).
 WILD BUFFALO BREEDS
Wild Buffaloes in Africa:
1. Syncerus caffer caffer (Cape Buffalo), large size
(body weight 500-1000 kg).
2. Syncerus caffer nanus, smallest buffalo in Africa.
3. Syncerus caffer aequinoctyalis, Nile buffalo, large
size but smaller than Cape buffalo.
4. Syncerus caffer brachyceros, a little bit bigger than
Syncerus cafer nanus.
 WILD BUFFALO BREEDS
Wild Buffaloes in America:

Bison bison, body weight 400-600 kg, a

buffalo that was originally from Asia that
moved to North America thousand years ago
when Asia and America were still connected.
 BUFFALO TYPES IN INDIA
1. Swampy buffalo  for meat
2. River buffalo  for milk
Most of breeds are river buffalo, the species
are the same.
Swamp buffaloes are mostly found in Malaya,
Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia.
River buffaloes are in India, Pakistan, Nepal,
Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
 DAIRY BUFFALO BREEDS IN
INDIA:
1. Murrah, milk production 1500-2500
kg/lactation, black color with white on tail,
face and extremities
2. Bhadawari, milk production 800-1000 kg/
lactation, copper color
3. Jaffarabadi, milk production 1000-1200
kg/lactation, black color
4. color Surti, milk production 900-1300
kg/lactation, black or brown color
 DAIRY BUFFALO BREEDS IN
INDIA:
5. Mehsana, milk production 1200-1500 kg/
lactation, black to grey color
6. Nagpuri, milk prodduction 700-1200 kg/
lactation
7. Nili-Ravi, milk production 1500-1850 kg/
lactation, black color with white on
forehead, face, muzzle and leg
 BUFFALO PRODUCTS:
1. Milk
2. Meat (Carabeef)
3. Horn
4. Hide
5. Feces
6. Hair
7. Work