1 @ ESSAY ssa ESSAY @ 1 ESSAY ‘Time — 25 minutes ‘The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view. present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely, Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet—you will receive no other paper on which to write. ‘You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. ‘Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what ‘you are writing is legible to those readers, Important Reminde ‘+ A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero. * Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your answer sheet, ‘* An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero. ‘You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below. | rink cartny abou te isu presented i i | Materialism: i the thing that everybody loves to hate. Few aspects of modem life have been ‘more criticized than materialism. But let's face it: materialism —acquiring possessions and spending money—is a vital source of meaning and happiness in our time. People may criticize modern society for being too materialistic, but the fact remains that most of us spend most of our energy producing and consuming more and more stuff. the following excerpt and the assignment below. Adapted from James Twitchell, “Two Cheers for Materialism” Assignment: Should modem society be criticized for being materialistic? Plan and write an essay in which you develop Your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, ‘studies, experience, or observations, BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON PAGE 2 OF THE ANSWER SHEET. 'f you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test.1 ® ESSAY sescerer- ESSAY ) 1 | ESSAY ‘Time — 25 minutes ‘The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely. Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet— you will receive no other paper on which to write ‘You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers. Important Reminders: + A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero. ‘© Donot write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your answer sheet ‘© An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero. ‘You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below. ‘Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. Knowledge is power. In agriculture, medicine, and industry, for example, knowledge has liberated us from hunger, disease, and tedious labor. Today, however, our knowledge has become so powerful that itis beyond our control. We know how to do many things, but we do not know where, when, or even whether this know-how should be used. Assignment: | Can knowledge be a burden rather than a benefit? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations, BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON PAGE 2 OF THE ANSWER SHEET. It you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test.1 @ ESSAY w= ESSAY ® 1 ESSAY ‘Time — 25 minutes ‘The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logicaily and clearly, and use language precisely. ‘Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet—you will receive no other paper on which to write. ‘You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. ‘Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to writé or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers. Important Reminders: ‘© A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero. + Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your answer sheet. + An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero. ‘You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below. ‘Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. We do not take the time to determine right from wrong. Reflecting on the difference between right and wrong is hard work. It is so much easier to follow the crowd, going along with what is popular rather than risking the disapproval of others by voicing an objection of any kind. | Adapted from Stephen J. Carter, Integrity | Assignment: _ 15 it always best to determine one’s own views of right and wrong, or can we benefit from following the crowd? lan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations. BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON PAGE 2 OF THE ANSWER SHEET. If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test.ESSAY weeseensr ESSAY ® 1 ESSAY Time — 25 minutes The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely. Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet— you will receive no other paper on which to write. ‘You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write.or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers. Important Reminders: ‘* A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero. ‘© Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your answer sheet. * An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero. ‘You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below. [ Think carefutly about the isue presented inthe following excerpt and the assignment below. Itis often the case that revealing the complete truth may bring trouble —discomfort, embarrassment, sadness, or even harm—to oneself or to another person. In these circumstances, it is better not to ‘express our real thoughts and feelings. Whether or not we should tell the truth, therefore, depends on the circumstances. | Assignment: Do circumstances determine whether or not we should tell the truth? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations. BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON PAGE 2 OF THE ANSWER SHEET. It you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test.3 @ 3 hase gg mit wane” 3g 3 SECTION 3 ‘Time — 25 minutes 24 Questions Tum to Section 3 (page 4) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the comesponding circle on the answer sheet. Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A. through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole, Example: Hoping to compromise that they felt would be labor and management. the dispute, negotiators proposed to both (A) enforce . . useful (B) end .. divisive (C) overcome . . unattractive (D) extend .. satisfactory (©) resolve... acceptable ©©O00®e 1. Extensive travel afforded Langston Hughes perspective, but it was Harlem that served as the creative --—-- for his writing. (A) cosmopolitan .. defense (B) worldly... inspiration (©) moral. . obligation (D) stunted |. condition ©) limited ; ‘center 2. One requirement of timeless art is that it deepen and our awareness, not that it merely confirm what we already know. (A) hinder (D) soothe (B) reconcile (&) extend (©) control 3. Despairing that the performance of the chief executive would ever improve, the corporation's board of directors took decisive action and ---—— him. (A) coddied (B) taunted (C) prodded (D) ousted (E) chided surprising scientists and undermining accepted theories about plant distribution. (A) exhilarating . . banal (B) shocking . . prophetic (C) startling .. revolutionary (D) appalling . . groundbreaking (©) unanticipated .. irrelevant Citing the —-—- of the Asian American community, the scholar argued that Asian Americans constituted the region’s fastest-growing minority population. (A) digression (B) proximity _(C) expansion (D) stabilization (E) correlation Far from being ~---~, bears in some national parks are surprisingly ---—- when approached by humans; still, visitors must exercise caution (A) benign .. cantankerous (B) reticent... bellicose (© complacent... docile (D) aggressive .. placid ©) playful. frisky Before becoming a stockbroker, Victoria Woodhull had a career as a ------, someone believed to have insights about events beyond ordinary human perception. (A) mentor (B) profiteer (C) counterfeiter (D) clairvoyant (E) propagandist ‘The judges for the chili competition were - noting subtle differences between dishes that ‘most people would not detect. (B) deferential (C) discriminating (E) unrelenting (A) obscure (D) sanctimonious GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >30 gemma gg ® 3 The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided. Line 10 1s 20 as ‘Questions 9-12 are based on,the following passages. Passage 1 A reform movement in journalism is afoot in newsrooms and boardrooms across the country. Industry organizations, are lauinching initiatives, offering training, and fostering new ways of thinking about news coverage and its effects. ‘The goals are to reinstll journalism’ core values, regain credibility, and generally better the media’s performance. What really is wrong with journalism? Lack of accuracy and fairness, too much sensationalism and bias are all ‘components of the problem, but the number one issue is, that “people distrust our motives.” said ‘Tom Rosenstiel, founding director of the Project for Excellence in Journalism, who hopes to get more journalists thinking about standards. . Passage 2 Conditions for journalism have never been better: robust media profits, strong legal protections, and sophisticated technology. Yet there is an influential ‘movement, representing the consensus of the profession's, elite, dedicated to convincing us that all is not well. Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiet, arguably the two most prominent media critics in America, are the go-to people if you need a quotation lamenting the sensationalism of | television newscasts or other media ills, Their recent book The Elements of Journalism suggests that unless a certain “theory of news” is adhered to, the United States might be annihilated, Such factually uncluttered hyperbole does not merely invite a certain awe but also quite plausibly violates their number one axiom: “jouralism’s first obligation is to the truth.” 9. Which best describes the relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2? (A) Passage I describes a particular campaign for change, whereas Passage 2 challenges the necessity of that change. (B) Passage I describes the causes of sensationalism in journalism, whereas Passage 2 explores its effects. (©) Passage 1 praises an individual's influence on journalism, whereas Passage 2 questions that individual's contributions. (D) Passage | suggests that journalism is evolving, ‘whereas Passage 2 argues that itis stagnating, (E) Passage I defines the purpose of journalism, ‘whereas Passage 2 examines journalism’s impact on society. 10. Unlike Passage 1, Passage 2 alludes to journalism's. (A) core values (B) specific critics (© complex history (D) sensationalistic tendencies (B) economic well-being 11. The author of Passage 2 would most likely characterize the “initiatives” mentioned in line 3 of Passage 1 as (A) timely (B) rational (©) indecipherable (D) unwarranted (B) equivocal 12, Lines 25-28 in Passage 2 (“Such .... truth’ ”) serve primarily to (A) assuage the concems of readers (B) speculate about an outcome (© exaggerate the depth of a problem (D) define a technical term (B) highlight an irony GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >I Une 10 Is 20 2s 20 co 4s 3@3 3 Unautherize copying or use of any part of tis page sega, 3 3 ® 3 Questions 13-24 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from a 1996 book on sleep research, To conduct some forms of sleep research, we have to find a way to track sleepiness over the day. Some people ‘might believe that measuring sleepiness is a fairly trivial task. Couldn’t you, for instance, simply count the number of times a person yawns during any given hour or so? In most people's minds, yawning —that slow, exaggerated mouth opening with the long, deep inhalation of air, followed by a briefer exhalation—is the most obvious sign of sleepiness. It is a common behavior shared by many animals, including our pet dogs and cats but also crocodiles, snakes, birds, and even some fish. It is certainly true that sleepy people tend to yawn more than wide-awake people. Itis also true that people who say they are bored by ‘what is happening at the moment will tend to yawn more frequently. However, whether yawning is a sign that you are getting ready for sleep or that you are successfully fighting off sleep is not known. Simply stretching your body, as you might do if you have been sitting in the same position for a long period of time, will often trigger a yawn, Unfortunately, yawns don’t just indicate sleepiness. Jn some animals, yawning is a sign of stress. When a dog trainer sees a dog yawning in a dog obedience class, itis usually a sign that the animal is under a good deal of pressure, Perhaps the handler is pushing too hava or moving too fast for the dog to fee! in control of the situation. A moment or two of play and then turning to another activity is usually egough to banish yawning for quite awhile Yawning can also be a sign of stress in humans. Once, when observing airborne troops about to take their first Parachute jump, I noticed that several of the soldiers were sitting in the plane and yawning. It was 10 A.M., just after a coffee break, and I doubted that they were tired; I knew for a fact that they were far too nervous to be bored. When I asked about this, the officer in charge laughed and said it ‘was really quite a common behavior, especially on the first jump. There is also a social aspect to yawning, Psychologists have placed actors in crowded rooms and auditoriums and had them deliberately yawn. Within moments, there is usually an increase in yawning by everyone else in the room. Similarly, people who watch films or videos of ‘others yawning are more likely to yawn. Even just reading about yawning tends to stimulate people to yawn. ‘The truth of the matter is that we really don’t know what Purpose yawning serves. Scientists originally thought that the purpose of yawning was to increase the amount of ‘oxygen in the blood or to release some accumulated carbon, dioxide. We now know that this is not true, since increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air seems not to 55 60 65 7 make people more likely to yawn but to make them breathe faster to try to bring in more oxygen. On the other hand, breathing 100 percent pure oxygen does not seem to reduce the likelihood of yawning. Since yawning seems to be associated with a lot more than the need for sleep, we obviously have to find some other measure of sleepiness. Some researchers have simply tried to ask people how sleepy they feel at any time using some sort of self-rating scale. There are, however, problems with getting people to make these types of Judgments. Sometimes people simply lie to the researchers ‘when asked about how sleepy they are. This occurs because in many areas of society admitting that one is fatigued and sleepy is considered a mark of weakness or lack of ambition and drive. In other instances, people may admit they need four cups of coffee to make it through the morning, but it may never occur to them that this might be ‘due to the fact that they are so sleepy that they need stimulation from caffeine to be able to do their required tacks, For these reasons, many researchers have developed, an alternate method to determine how sleepy a person is Itis based upon a simple definition of sleep need: The greater your sleep need, or the sleepier you are, the faster you will fall asleep if given the opportunity to do so. 13. The question in lines 4-5 is based on which of the following assumptions? (A) Direct observation is the only reliable method of conducting sleep research, (B) People ivill yawn most frequently in the moments before they fall asleep. (© There is a direct correlation between yawning and sleepiness. (D) Yawning is a behavior over which individuals exert litle conscious control. (E) Conducting sleep research is a time-consuming, process. 14, The comment between the dashes in lines 6-8 primarily serves to “ (B) © ©) © clarify a claim define a term note a qualification offer a humorous aside voice a personal insight 15. The author uses which of the following in the fourth paragraph (lines 29-37) ? (A) Understatement (B) Personification (©) Analogy (D) Metaphor (©) Anecdote GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >3 @ 3 16. The author mentions the “coffee break” (line 33) to emphasize that a a) B) © (D) ® brief respite was sorely needed given atGtude was inappropriate specific response was understandable particular action was unnecessary certain behavior was unexpected 17. The discussion of the “social aspect” (line 38) most directly demonstrates (A) the power of suggestion (B) aneed for personal accountability (©) a link between personality and behavior (D) the psychological cost of conformity (B) the desire for companionship 18, Which of the following, if true, would most directly disprove what “Scientists originally thought” (line 46) ? (A) Carbon dioxide does not affect people's breathing rates. (B) Yawning does not reduce the need for sleep, though it may make a person feel less tired. (C) Because yawning brings more air into the lungs, it can increase the rate at which oxygen is absorbed (D) People do not tend to yawn much at high altitudes, where oxyigen levels in the air are low. (E) People often yawn more after exercise, when carbon dioxide levels inthe blood are marginally higher. 19, Lines 55-57 (“Since . .. sleepiness”) primarily serve to (A) introduce a lighthearted digression (B) provide a transition to a new subject (C) offer evidence in support of a prior claim (D) acknowledge a drawback to an approach advocated in the previous paragraph (&) return the discussion to a problem mentioned earlier in the passage ‘Unauthorized copying or use of ‘any part of is page e Bega. 3 3 ® 3 20. In line 65, “drive” most nearly means 2. 22, a) B) © ) ©) propulsion instinct campaign vitality ‘momentum ‘The author mentions the “other instances” (line 65) primarily to make the point that people (A) are often intentionally deceptive about their sleep needs may not be accurate judges of their own sleepiness frequently do not experience a restful night of sleep may sometimes use stimulants like caffeine rather than feel tired are often afraid that exhaustion will interfere with their job performance (B) © © ®) Which of the following, if true, would most effectively undermine the “simple definition” (line 72) ? (A) When people are being watched by researchers, they may show different sleep patterns. (B) When people are extremely sleepy, they may have 4ifficulty falling asleep. (©) Some people have the ability to go without sleep for very long periods of time. (D) Some people yawn whether they are tired or not. (E) Some people rarely yawn, no matter how tired they are. GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE3 3am Zo g ® 3 23. All of the following cases of yawning can be accounted for in the passage EXCEPT: (A) A student yawns during a lecture on a boring subject. (B) A musician-yawns before taking the stage for a very important performance. (©) An airplane pilot yawns to clear her ears during . takeoff. (D) A person ata party yawns after those around him begin yawning. (B) Arresearcher yawns while reading a scientific article about yawning. 24, The passage as a whole is best characterized as (A) informative (B) confessional () philosophical (D) humorous (B) argumentative NOTE: The reading passages in this test are brief excerpts ‘or adaptations of excerpts from the published material. The ideas ‘contained in them do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board or Educational Testing Service. To make the ‘est suitable for testing purposes, we may in some cases have altered the style, contents, or point of view of the original. STOP I you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test.4000 OswrersrO O Oo Oo 4 SECTION 4 ‘Time — 25 minutes 18 Questions Turn to Section 4 (page 5) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: This section contains two types of questions. You have 25 minutes to complete both types. For questions 1-8, so each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork. 1. The use of a calculator is permitted. 2. All numbers used are real numbers. ¢| 3. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems. 3 ‘They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not a drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 4, Unless otherwise specified, the domain of any function / is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which ‘cx isa real number. g a ln (OD c s las\ sv zl w ar x3 E b 6 PS 3 > 7 J 5 ie x3 7 3| A= tw don V=twh Vearh b? Special Right Triangles 3] 1S] ‘The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360 =! The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. - 1. Fred, Norman, and Dave own a total of 128 comic y books. If Dave owns 44 of them, what is the average (arithmetic mean) number of comic books owned by Fred and Norman? (a) 42 “ (B) 44 © 46 ) 48 a ©) 50 ee 2. In the xy-coordinate system above, the circle is tange to the axis and the y-axis. What are the coordinates point P? (A) 0.3) ®) (0.6) (© (3,0) @) (3,3) ® 66) GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE Az400 O O seen oooo4 3. A hotel charges a service fee of $1.00 per day to use its copy machine. In addition, there is a charge of $0.10 per copy made. Which of the following represents the total charge, in dollars, to use this ‘copy machine to make n copies in one day? (A) 0.900 (B) 1.10 (©) 1.00+10» D) 1.00 +0.10n ©) 1.00+0.104n aa be ab aa ac ba 4. In the six pairs of letters shown above, if a is paired with itself, the pair has a value of 2. If a appears in a pair with another letter, the pair has a value of 1. All ‘ther pairs have a value of 0. What isthe sum of the values of the six pairs? (A) 6 @) 7 © 8 ) 10 ® 12 13 5S. What is A) 8 (B) 12 © 16 (D) 20 ©) 2% al ID the area of square ABCD above? , [GO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE >40000 Unauthorized copying or reuse of ‘any pat of this pages toga oooad4 6. If x # 0 and x is inversely proportional to y, which Of the following is directly proportional to (A) ~ ®) 1 (C) . y oy ® 7, Point A isa vertex of an 8-sided polygon. The poly- gon has 8 sides of equal length and 8 angles of equal measure. When all possible diagonals are drawn from point A in the polygon, how many triangles are formed? (A) Four B) Five © Six (D) Seven ©) Eight 4 (x 8)(x-k) = 2? = Sk tm 8. In the equation above, k and m are constants. If the ‘equation is true for all values of x, what is the value of m? (A) 8 B) 16 (C) 24 (D) 32 (®) 40 GO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE )4000 Unauthorized copying or use of any part of this page slag oooo4 Directions: For Student-Produced Response questions 9-18, use the grids at the bottom of the answer sheet page on which you have answered questions 1-8. Each of the remaining 10 questions requires you to solve the problem and enter your answer by marking the circles in the special grid, as shown in the examples below. You may use any available space for scratchwork. 7 ‘Answer! 201 Answer 75 Answer 25 Either position is correct. ete answer | eu tye \ f DI Decimal BOIS ‘ alalelo rm es Rat” “*) ]Q}@/@l@ ake glelsia Note: You may stat youranswers ae Ugisiglg Columns not needed sould be fet DIOI@ blank. ‘© Mark no more than one circle in any column. © Because the answer sheet will be machine- scored, you will receive credit only if the circles are filled in correctly. ‘© Although not required, itis suggested that you ‘write your answer in the boxes at the top of the columns to help you fill in the circles accurately. + Some problems may have more than one correct answer, In such cases, grid only one answer. ‘© No question has a negative answer. «ied numbers sch as 32 nse ded 3.5 or 7/2. (IF [By r4Z42] interpreted as 5 is gridded, it will be © Decimal Answers: If you obtain a decimal answer ‘with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be either rounded or truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. For example, if you obtain, fan answer such as 0.6666... you should record your result as .666 or .667. A less accurate value ‘such as .66 or .67 will be scored as incorrect. Acceptable wayso grid 2 are: 6] (161617 2 DIOIO QD] |@/OQ/O @| |@|@|@/@ Q| |@}@/@]/® Q| [Q/@Q]@Q|@ @] |Q/O/O!@ @! © @ \@) Flying at a constant speed, a bird traveled 62 miles in4 hours, At this rate, how many miles did the bird travel in 3 hours? 10, Points Q, R, S, and T lie ona circle with center P. If the radius of the circle is 1, what is the value of PQ + PR+ PS+PT? GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE > 15.4 O00 0 O seeeense dog O 4 en ab a FEMALE AND MALE STUDENTS AT 11. If 10% = 10,000, where @ and b are positive HOT. 1950-1999 integers, what is one possible value of a? 1997] 1,100 18 ghow a 3 1996 & 900 | F goo |_| 1pz] i095 7 é 1983 1991 700+~ on {1994 1990, a “oR ‘0-600 700 800 900 1,000 1100 1,200 Male Students 13, The scatterplot above shows the number of male and female students at Central High School from 1990 to 1999, In which one of the years shown was the absolute value of the difference between the numbers of male and female students greatest? 12, Inthe xy-plane, the line 2x ~3y = ¢ passes through point (5, -1). What is the value of ¢? ee 14. Five times @ number is the same as the number added to five. What is the number? GO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE ) Ae4000 Unauthorized copying or ause of ‘ny part of tis page egal. ooocd4 A 8 Note; Figure not drawn to scale 15, In the figure above, six segments intersect at O: OD bisects ZAOF, OC bisects ZAOE, and OB bisects ZAOD. If x = 40 and y = 30, what is the measure of ZBOE ? (Disregard the degree symbol when gridding your answer.) 1,2,2,333.4,4,4,4, 16. All positive integers appear in the sequence above, and each positive integer k appears in the sequence i times. In the sequence, each term after the first is {greater than or equal to each of the terms before it If the integer 12 first appears in the sequence as the nth term, what is the value of 1? 3in lin 3in tin 3in lin 17. One end of an 80-inch-long paper strip is shown in the figure above. The notched edge, shown in bold, was formed by removing an equilateral triangle from the end of each 4-inch length on one edge of the paper strip. What is the total length, in inches, of the bold notched edge on the 80-inch paper strip? 18, In the figure above, PORS is a square and points Q, Rand O lie on the graph of y = ax”, where a is constant Ifthe area of the square is 64, what is the value of a? STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. ' Do not turn to any other section in the test.5 ® 5 coosemee 5 5 ® 5 : SECTION 5 : ‘Time — 25 minutes +35 Questions Turn to Section 5 (page 5) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. ‘The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the original phrasing: the other four choices are different. If you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select cone of the other choices. In making your selection, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. ‘Your selection should result in the most effective sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or ambiguity. EXAMPLE: Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book ‘and she was sixty-five years old then. (A) and she was sixty-five years old then (B) when she was sixty-five (C) atage sixty-five years old (D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (B) atthe time when she was sixty-five ©0008 1. Norman Rockwell was an illustrator and painter that (A) Norman Rockwell was an illustrator and painter that was able to make a living at it. (B) Norman Rockwell was able to make a living as an illustrator and painter. (© Anillustrator and painter, Norman Rockwell was able to make a living at it (D) Able to make a living from them, Norman. Rockwell illustrated and painted, (B) By illustrating and painting was how Norman Rockwell was able to make a living, 2, 3. 4 . Because of repeatedly asking in vain fora somprehensive health-care plan, the employees called in sick as a protest against their employer's stubbornness. (A) Because of repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, (B) After repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, - (©) They have repeatedly asked in yain for a comprehensive health-care plan, then (D) Repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive health-care plan, finally (B) While they repeatedly ask in vain for a ‘comprehensive health-care plan, In the tennis match Martina Hingis took advantage of ‘Venus Williams’ error and tied the score: however, Williams fought back to take the lead again. (A) score; however, Williams fought back to take the lead again (B) score; Williams, though, fought back again took the lead (©) score; however, Williams fighting back to take the lead again (D) score, along with Williams fighting back to take the lead again ©) score; in fact, Williams fought back to take the lead again Nursing and physical therapy are an example of health-care fields that have shortages in staffing. (A) are an example of health-care fields that (B) are examples of health-care fields that (C) are examples where health-care fields (D) exemplifies a health-care field that (B) exemplify health-care fields where they ‘GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >[email protected] 5. Alice Guy Blaché, an early filmmaker, introduced close-ups and double exposures, also she set cars on fire, used ras in special effects sequences, and ran film backward. . (A) exposures, also she set (B) exposures, and also she sets (C) exposures, she set (D) exposures; she also set (B) exposures by her setting 6. The company maintains computer systems for small businesses, plus it will manage their payroll accounts. (A) businesses, plus it will manage (B) businesses, in addition it will manage (C) businesses and manages (D) businesses, and, additionally, they also manage (B) businesses, it manages 1. Studying dance for many years, practicing difficult steps every day, and frequent performances has enabled the young dancer to secure the leading role in the spring production, (A) frequent performances has enabled the young dancer (B) frequent performances would have enabled the young dancer (©) frequently performing, the young dancer being enabled (D) frequent performing, these enabled the young dancer (©) performing frequently enabled the young dancer 8 Though now one of the most famous abstract artists, ‘ritigs once ridiculed Jackson Pollock for his technique of splattering paint on canvases. (A) ccitics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock (B) critics once were ridiculing Jackson Pollock (C) Jackson Pollock once ridiculed by critics (D) Jackson Pollock was once ridiculed by critics (E) Jackson Pollock, having once been ridiculed by critics Unauthorized copying or reuse of any parto this page log. 4+ 5@5 9. Legendary nineteenth-century endurance rider Frank T. Hopkins, who rode an American mustang to victory in a 3,000-mile race across the Arabian Desert, ‘and the hero of the Disney movie Hidalgo. (A) and (B) and who has become (©) also has become D) is (B) having been 10. To introduce itself to a wider audience, the little-known band sold its CD's cheaply to enthusiastic fans, who in tum shared the ‘music with friends. (A) sold its CD's cheaply (B) sold their CD’s cheaply (©) sells its CD's at a low price (D) prices their CD’s low for to sell (B) will sell its CD’s at a cheap price LL. Twice as many bird species inhabit Ecuador as in North America (A) asin (B) as inhabit (C) instead of in (D) when compared to ©) than GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE )5 ® 5 oo eee: [ The fotiowing sentences test your ability to recognize grammar and usage errors, Each sentence contains either & single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined 14, Mr. Johnson's assumption that a teenager had robbed his house being unfounded, for the witnesses and lettered. Ifthe sentence contains an error, select the A B one underlined part that must be changed to make the ‘i o sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice B. Aeseribed the person they had seen fleeing In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard c written English, asa woman in her 40s. No error D E EXAMPLI 15. Waterways close to land poses. challenges The other delegates and him immediately. A B A A B Cc accepted the resolution drafted by the tonavigation that differ greatly from those 5 B ic D neutral states. Nocror Posed by the open seas. No error TE ®©eOO® 16. During my most recent trip, I came across 12. Of the hundreds of warm-water coral species, SHINE mY most recent trip, ! cam A B c a wonderful antique store wandering in ‘only a few are highly prized for use in aes we D A B the old quarter of the city. No error jewelry because of their beauty, luster, and ~_ because of hi E they are hard. No error 17. Itis difficult to predict what kinds of books will be D E a A BR A B ula inthe years ahead, because tastes change 13, Because ofits innovativeness and its effective pop * " A . ! and topics either get overexplored and lose their Presentation, Mary's science project received more oie relevance. No error judges’ votes at the exhit E Cc TO THE NEXT PAGE > a GOON IE NEXT PAGI5 ® 5 co wwe O45 ® 5 18. As children mature, they develop an independence 22, Famous for their sticky feet, the gecko can run up A B ‘ BC that their parents, who have been responsible for them ‘walls and across ceilings as well as hang from a Cc D since they were born, often find difficult to accept surface by its toes. No error D No error E 23. Both her work on community service projects and 19. Horse psychology, a science that investigates her dedication to learning has gained Ms. Stevens A B the reasons for the behavior of horses, help the respect of the entire faculty. No error A B c D E trainers both motivate their charges and prevent ar ae 24, Affier the uprising of October 10, 1911, that has led problems. No error A E 5 to the establishment of @ Chinese republic, many B 20. n, only a salt desert truly merits the name Chinese Americans decided to return to China in A G \ “desert,” for other types of deserts can be sown with hopes of a bright future there, No error B D E dates, figs, and pistachios and it can be watered by 5 25, Atthe art show, Amy enjoyed looking at her friend sprinklers or by it_ subterranean canals called A 55 Mark's innovative paintings, which she thought ganats. No error B E fzece mire orginal an the othex extists 5 No eftOs} c D E 21. Ms. Kovak proudly displayed her research grou A most ingenious invention , a vacuum cleaner ul us invention that empties its own dust bag when G sing a button. No error D E art GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >5 ® 5 comer 5 5 | 26, Traffic was heavy, so by the time Brianne finally arrived at the theater, we waited for her for an hour, A B missing the entire first act of the play. No error is D E 27. Although its reputation is not as good as it once was, Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. Read the passage and select the best answers for the questions tat follow. Some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word chéice. Other questions ask you to consider organization and development. In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English. A B the university is still proud of their productive, G intelligent graduates, many of whom have gone ‘on tocarn national recognition. No error D E 28. Although familiar to us from representations. A B in ancient art, war chariots are rare museum artifacts, because by the sixth century B.C. they were c no longer used in battle. No error D E 29, A volunteer organization, the Covington Soup Kitchen has been feeding needy families si e197, annually A B distributing nearly a million pounds of food ic each year, No error. Ee Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage. (A) Seeds of Peace Camp in Otisfield, Maine, is unlike any other camp in the world. (2) Due to the fact of bringing, together teenagers from opposite sides of conflicts all over the globe. (3) At Seeds of Peace the campers, who have been taught to hate the enemy, learn to see that the enemy has a name and a face. (4) When they leam to get along on an individual basis, they start to question calling someone “enemy.” () During each three-week session, young people who are enemies in their home countries eat and play together, share bunkhouses, and cope with the homesickness they have in common, (6) Guided by specially trained counselors, the youngsters engage in daily, structured conversations called “coexistence sessions.” (7) These conversations are often emotional but therapeutic. (8) The campers live side by side from the moment of their arrival (9) John Wallach, an award-winning journalist who covered conflicts in the Middle East for two decades, founded Seeds of Peace in 1993. (10) He chose the ‘campsite because itis a beautiful natural setting far from the places of conflict. (11) Countries may select their campers but cannot pay for the camp. (12) The camp remains unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or peace group. (13) Itis financed by private fund-raising efforts (14) According to Wallach, “If you begin to know your enemy, if you begin to understand your enemy, it's inevitable that you will begin to feel some empathy.” (15) He believed that peace has to start among the young, being that the hatred of the adults in the campers’ homelands is very deeply ingrained. GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >30. 3. 2 : @5 4 In context, what is the best revision of sentence 2 (teproduced below) ? Due to the fact of bringing together teenagers from opposite sides of conflicts all over the globe. (A) Due to the camp's bringing together teenagers all over the globe from opposite sides of conflicts. (B) They brought together teenagers from opposite sides of conflicts from all over the globe. (© Allover the globe, teenagers are brought together from opposite sides of conflicts by Seeds of Peace Camp. (D) Teenagers are broughi together by it from ‘opposite sides of conflicts all over the globe. () Te brings together teenagers from opposite sides of conflicts all over the globe. Paragraph one would best be improved by the addition of (A) a quotation about the beauty of the camp from a former camper (B) examples of the native countries of the various campers (C) the names of chief staff members of the camp (D) a description of atypical day at camp (E) a reference to other efforts to promote peace Where is the best place for sentence 8 ? (A) (Where its now) (B) After sentence 1 (C) Atthe end of the first paragraph (after sentence 4) (D) At the beginning ofthe second paragraph (before sentence 5) (©) After sentence 15 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any pat of hig page og —o 5@5 33. In context, which version of sentences 1 and 12 best 34, 38. STOP Ityou combines them into a single sentence? (A) Countries may select their campers but cannot pay for the camp, which remains unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or peace group. (B) Unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or ‘peace group, countries may select their campers but cannot pay for the camp. (©) Countries may select their campers, in addition, they cannot pay for he camp, which remains unaffiliated with any nation, organization, oF peace group. (D) Countries cannot pay for the camp although they may select their campers, the camp remains unaffiliated with any nation, organiz peace group. (E) Itremains unaffiliated with any nation, ‘organization, or peace group, and although ‘countries may select their campers, they cannot pay for the camp. ‘Which of the following revisions is most needed in sentence 15 (reproduced below) ? He believed that peace has to start among the young, being that the hatred of the adults in the campers’ homelands is very deeply ingrained. (A) Insert “Furthermore” at the beginning. (B) Add “people” after “young” (©) Change “being that” to “since”. (D) Change “adults” to “elders”. (B) Change “is” to “are”, Which of the following, if placed after sentence 15, would be the most effective concluding sentence for the essay? (A) Seeds of Peace is an outstanding example of Maine's many summer camps. (B) There is a great need for international understanding and cooperation today. (©) Only camps like Seeds of Peace make ‘world peace a reality (D) An interesting fact is that prospective ‘campers must undergo a competitive selection process, including writing an essay. (E) Thanks to Wallach's convictions, over 2,000 campers are now helping to sow the seeds of peace around the world. ish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test.6@ +6 ‘any parol ie page Uemura py nc 6 + ® 6 SECTION 6 Time — 25 minutes 24 Questions Turn to Sect & (page 6) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question inthis section, select the best answer from among the choices given and filin the ‘corresponding circle on the answer sheet, Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted, Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A. through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. Example: Hoping to a compromise that they felt would be labor and management. ~ the dispute, negotiators proposed toboth (A) enforce. . useful (B) end... divisive (C) overcome . . unattractive (D) extend .. satisfactory (E) resolve... acceptable 1. Although the archaeologist cave wall, she was unable to were too fain them because they (A) replicated . . ignore (B) perused . . discard (C) obliterated . translate (D) recollected . . conceal (B) scrutinized . . decipher 2. Popular interest in music performed by folk singer Jean Ritchie acted as a ------ because it ------ a wider interest in the music of Ritchie's native Kentucky. (A) deterrent. . launched (B) panacea . . overcame (C) barrier .. awakened (D) catalyst... stirred (B) provocation .. mitigated 3. Oceanographers have identified more than 50 “dead zones” around the world: areas of sea that various forms of pollution have rendered ~—--- life. (A) conducive to. (B) invaluable to (©) imperative to (D) indistinguishable from (B) bereft of 4. The few female physicians practicing at the end of the nineteenth century might be considered ~--~- because they constituted a very small percentage of all physicians. (A) miscreants (B) revisionists (C) anomalies (D) pacifists (E) extremists 5. Rose smiled approvingly but gave neither written nor spoken permission to proceed with the project: her consent, in short, was (A) tacit (B) fervent (C) unqualified (D) impetuous (E) conditional . GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE )6 @ + 6 ‘Unautnorized copying or reuse of ‘any pat of is page Hoga 6+ @ 6 ‘The passages below are followed by quest ns based on their content; questions following a pair of related passage’ may also bbe based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided. (Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage. Poetry discovered me when I was four or five. My mother wrote a poem for me, and I had to recite it in church. Soon I was writing my own poems. This was é during a time when my primary artistic expression Line ; was drawing, usually with crayons. We also called it 3 “coloring.” Since my command of the crayon was ‘greater than my command of writing, in a sense my drawings became my poems. Then at about the age of twelve—while still drawing and now painting with ) a passion—I seriously (too seriously!) committed 10 myself to writing poetry. I wanted to be a Renaissance artist: write, paint, compose music, invent things. 6. In lines 6-8 (“Since . .. poems”), the author suggests that drawing and writing were 1s (A) talents that were not generally encouraged by’ adults (B) activities that served the same desire for self-expression (©) accomplishments that gave pleasure to others (D) abilities that had already been developed to the limit ofthe author’s talent (B) hobbies that would be supplanted as the author grew to adulthood 7. In the passage, the author's childhood wish “to be a Renaissance artist” (lines 11-12) is best understood as (A) an early sign of artistic ability (B) acommon goal of young people (C) anaive and grandiose ambition (D) the beginning of an arduous and painful apprenticeship (B) the spark that initiated a devotion to the visual arts ‘Questions 8-9 are based on the following passage. ‘The Second World War was a watershed event forall ‘Americans. It brought the Great Depression to an end and ‘marked the beginning of significant socioeconomic and political changes for women and racial minorities. Chinese ‘American women played an important role in these long- term changes. Galvanized by motives ranging from Chinese nationalism to American patriotism and feminism, Chinese American women initiated an outpouring of highly organized activites in such areas as fund-raising, propaganda, civil defense, and Red Cross work. While some women in San Francisco’s Chinatown enlisted in the armed services, many others went to work in businesses outside their neighborhood and in defense industries for the first time. 8. ‘The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) highlight the contributions of San Francisco's Chinatown to the war effort (B) describe the different jobs held by women during the Second Worid War (C) explain how the Second World War helped to end the Great Depression () discuss the impact of the Second World War on Chinese American women (©) highlight the influence of feminism on Chinese American women 9. Which best characterizes the relationship between the first paragraph and the second paragraph? (A) The first paragraph relates an anecdote that illustrates a generalization made in the second paragraph. (B) The first paragraph presents a claim that is supported in the second paragraph, (©) The paragraphs offer different explanations for the same phenomenon, (D) The second paragraph digresses from the topic discussed in the first paragraph, (E) The second paragraph challenges the validity of the argument made in the first paragraph, GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >Line 1 is 20 2s 40 3s 40 6@ +6 Questions 10-14 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from a novel set in London in the 1870s. All along the burnished footpaths of Greek Street, the shopkeepers are out already, the second wave of early risers. Of course they regard themselves as the first wave. ‘The grim procession of factory workers less than an hour ‘ago might as well have happened in another country in another age. Welcome to the real world, Getting up as early as the shopkeepers do is, in their view, stoic heroism beyond the understanding of lazier ‘mortals. Not that they are cruel, these industrious men. It's just that the shopkeepers of Greek Street care nothing about the shadowy creatures who actually manufacture the goods that they sell. The world has outgrown its quaint rural intimacies, and now it’s the modern age: an order is put in for fifty cakes of Coal Tar Soap, and a few days later, a cart arrives and the order is delivered. How that soap came to exist is no question for a modern man. Everything in this ‘world issues fully formed from a benign monster called manufacture; a never-ending stream of objects—of ‘graded quality, of perfect uniformity —from behind veils of smoke. You may point out that the clouds of smut from the factory chimneys of Hammersmith and Lambeth blacken all the city alike, a humbling reminder of where the cornucopia really comes from, But humility is not a trait for the modern man, and filthy air is quite good enough for breathing; its only disadvantage is the film of muck that accumulates on shop windows. But what use is there, the shopkeepers sigh, in nostalgia for past times? The machine age has come, the world will never be clean again, but oh’ what compensation! Already they're working up a sweat, their only sweat for the day, as they labor to open their shops. They case the tainted frost from the windows with sponges of lukewarm. water and sweep the slush into the gutter with stiff brooms. Standing on their toes, stretching their arms, they strip off the shutters, panels, iron bars and stanchions that have kept their goods safe another night. All along the strcet, keys rattle in keyholes as each shop's orate metal clothing is stripped away. ‘The men are in a hurry now, in case someone with ‘money should come along and choose a wide-open shop cover a half-open one. Passers-by are few and often strange at this hour of the morning, but all types may stray into Greek Street and there’s no telling who'll spend, LUnautherzed copying or ruse of any art of this page seg 6+ @6 10. The shopkeepers" attitude toward the workers who are described in lines 4-6 is best characterized as (A) ambivalent (B) dismissive (C) combative (D) fearful (B) suspicious 11. In line 13, “an order” most nearly means (A) acommand from a military authority (B) an instruction to provide something (C) anestablished system of organization (D) acustomary procedure (B) a logical arrangement GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >6@ + 6 Unauthorized copying or rus of ‘ny pat of ie page opal 6+ @6 12, The author uses the phrase “benign monster” (line 17) order to “ criticize the greed of the merchants on Greek Street evoke sympathy for the fate of the factory workers ‘characterize the process by which modern ‘goods are created suggest that consistency is not always an outcome of mass production ‘emphasize the many hardships of life on Greek Street B) © © (BE) 13, The “compensation” referred to in Tine 30 is best understood as the (A) economic costs of a polluted environment {B) ability of merchants to market goods effectively (© lucrative profits that manufacturers glean from. shopkeepers (D) awareness that present success will not make up for past failure (E) financial benefits that come with industrialization 14, In the final paragraph, the shopkeepers can best be described as (A) frantic about the delivery of their goods (B) elated about their abundant profits (C) eager for the arrival of customers (D) nonchalant about their success as merchants (E)_ suspicious of the neighboring shopkeepers SAT, 2260, r750, m0, w710, SiHCUUS, . 2 at 2 ‘GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >Line 10 is 20 2s 30 5 “s 6@ +6 Questions 15-24 are based on the following passages. ‘The following passages were adapted from articles published in 1999 and 2000, respectively. 50 Passage 1 In 1929 a teenager named Ridgely Whiteman wrote to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., about what he called warheads that he had found near Clovis, New Mexico. These “warheads” were actually spear points, elegantly chipped to sharpness on both edges and finished off with a groove, or flute, down the center of each side. Eventually, such fluted points turned up in the oldest archaeological excavations elsewhere in North Ameri ‘Stone cannot be carbon-dated, but the dating of organic ‘material found with these tools showed that the people who used them were in America no earlier than about 13,500 years ago. The story most archaeologists built on these ancient tools was of a people they nicknamed Clovis, who came into North America via Siberia, moved south through an ice-free corridor, then dispersed, their descendants occupying North and South America within a thousand years. Since their tools were often found with the bones of mammoths and other large creatures, scientists usually described the Clovis people as big- game hunters. As late as 1996 a prominent archaeologist, Frederick Hadleigh West, could state that “Clovis is taken to be the basal, the founding, population for the Americas.” But in the past decade such certainty has been dramatically shaken. ‘The most straightforward challenge to the old story is the matter of time. The era in which the Clovis people lived is limited by a time barrier that stops about 13,500 years ‘ago: there is geologic evidence that an ice-free corridor between Siberia and North America would not have been ‘open much before then. But in 1997 a blue-ribbon panel of archacologists visited a site in Chile called Monte Verde and agreed that people had lived there at least 14,500 years ‘ago, about 1,000 years before the first sign of Clovis people in North America. Acceptance of the Monte Verde date not only broke the time barrier but also focused new interest on ‘ther sites that may have even earlier dates. Passage 2 One of the biggest barriers to accepting pre-Clovis sites hhas been geographic. During the most recent ice age, the New World was pretty much closed to pedestrian traffic: the northwest corridor in Canada would have been covered with ice. Though ancient humans might have mastered Prehistoric crampons,* mastodons almost certainly did not, and finding food and shelter under those circumstances would have been difficult at best. But the latest idea circulating among archaeologists and anthropologists has people ditching their crampons and spears for skin-covered Unauthonzed copying o couse of ‘any pat of hs page legal. 6+ @6 ‘boats. Maybe the first Americans came not by land but by sea, hugging the ice-age coast. * ‘When the seafaring theory was proposed in the mid- 1970's, it sank for lack of evidence. But as the time line for New World occupation has changed, the theory seems downright sensible, if not quite provable. The Pacific Rim has vast resources of salmon and sea mammals, and people need only the simplest of tools to exploit them: nets, weirs, clubs, knives. Whereas ancient landlubbers would have had ‘o reinvent their means of hunting, foraging, and housing as they passed through different terrains, ancient mariners could have had smooth sailing through relatively ‘unchanging coastal environments. And recent geologic studies show that even when glaciers stretched down into North America, there were thawed pockets of coastline in northwest North America where people could take refuge and gather provisions. “Most archaeologists have a continental mind-set,” says anthropologist Robson Bonnichsen, “but the peopling of the Americas is likely to be tied very much to the development and spread of ‘maritime adaptation.” * spiked devices atached to boots to prevent slippage when climbing 15. Both authors agree on which of the following points? (A) A maritime environment would have presented unique challenges to early Americans. (B) The first Americans most likely subsisted on ‘mastodons and other big game. (C) Overland travel to the New World would have been difficult during the most recent ice age. (D) Itmay never be definitively determined when America was initially settled. (E) The Clovis people were most likely the first Americans. 16. In lines 5- (A) defeated (B) terminated (©) completed (D) disposed of () consumed totally “finished off” most nearly means 17. The quotation in lines 21-22 serves primarily to (A) provide concrete evidence (B) discredit a widely shared assumption (C) support a provocative claim (D) offer an opposing viewpoint (E) summarize a common understanding GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >Unaurized copying o reuse of ‘any part of bis page Mega. 6+ 19. 24. ign” most nearly means a) (B). symbol (©) gesture (D) indication ©) figure ‘The author of Passage 2 would most likely claim that the information presented in lines 25-36 of Passage 1 (A) validates the notion that the peopling of Ameri occurred shortly after the most recent ice age (B) adds credibility to the theory that the first ‘Americans may have arrived by bbat (©) indicates that overland travel to the New World ‘was not possible (D) demonstrates that early Americans must have relied on the sea for sustenance (E) reveals that archaeologists can differ over even the most basic facts Which of the following, if found on the west coast of America, would best support the “latest id (line 44) ? (A) Primitive fishing hooks dating back 9,000 years (B)_ Simple cooking tools dating back 11,000 years, (C) Stone arrowheads dating back 13,000 years (D) Crude boat anchors dating back 15,000 years (E) Fossilized mastodon bones dating back 17,000 years The author of Passage 2 implies that the findings of the “geologic studies” (lines 59-60) are @) (B) © proof that a particular theory is correct, virtually certain to be verified independently characteristic of, though not essential to, an experimental approach (D) critical of, though not opposed to, a specitie hypothesis (B) grounds for granting increased plausibility to a particular theory 22. Which of the following can be found in both passages? 24, STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test. A theory about how people originally traveled to America Il, An exact date the Americas were initially settled IIL. Reference to possible sources of food for carly Americans (A) Lonly (By Honly (C) Land Mt only (D) Wand I only (©) [Mand I Both passages make use of which of the following? (A) Political allusion (B) Direct quotation (C) Rhetorical questioning (D) Personal anecdote (EB) Extended metaphor Which best describes the relationship between the two passages? (A) Passage 2 disproves a hypothesis that is debated in some detail in Passage | (B) Passage 2 examines the implications of using ‘term that is defined in Passage 1. (©) Passage 2 traces the origins of an ancient technology that is discussed in Passage 1 (D) Passage 2 presents a theory that may help explain a finding mentioned in Passage 1 (©) Passage 2 describes an archaeological discovery that verifies the central claim made in Passage 1| SECTION7 ‘Time — 25 minutes 20 Questions Turn to Section 7 (page 6) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. | Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which isthe best of the choiees given. Fill inthe corresponding circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork, 1. The use of a calculator is permitted. 2, All numbers used are real numbers. g| 3: Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems. | They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when itis stated in a specific problem that the figure is not ‘Unauthorized copying or reuse of , =< 7 3. Which figure below, when placed together with the figure above, will make a complete circular disc with no overlap and no spaces? cS) (B) © ©) ©) IDDIOL ICE-CREAM SALES BY FLAVOR Ny ‘Strawberry Peach Pecan: 4. According to the circle graph above, how many of the ice-cream flavors individually represent less than 25 percent of the total sales? (A) One (B) Two (©) Three (D) Four ©) Five 5. Inthe figure above, what is the value of x+y +2? (A) 85 (B) 170 (C) 180 (D) 255 ©) 360 GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE 37 aoe 7 —s incense —————_ 6. If 6x +4 = 7, whatis the value of 6x - 4? (A) -7 @) -1 © 1 © 7 ® 8 a Ee 7. Inthe circle above, pentagon ABCDE is equilateral. What is the ratio of the length of are ABC to the length of arc AEC ? (A) 1102 (B) 2003 © 205 (D) 3105 ©) 4105 8, Tick marks are equally spaced on the number line above. Which of the lettered points has a coordinate : cna (-2}2 (A) a @) B oc () Dd BE 9. If ¢ > w, how much greater is the sum of s and 1 than the sum of s and w? (A) s-r B) 2s-w (©) 1-w () t+w , (B) 2s- GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >Unauthorized copying or reuse of 7 Se ———_ 7 P(t) = 3,000-24 10, Some organisms are being cultured in a biology lab. The population, P, of the organisms in the culture 1 days after the culture began is modeled by the function above. By how many organisms does the population increase from = 4 to 1 = 16? (A) 6,000 (B) 24,000 (C) 36,000 (D) 42,000 (B) 48,000 11, If the average (arithmetic mean) of 3, s, and + is 5, what is the value of s +1? ) 2 B) 4 @ 6 ) 10 ® 2 (SL) c 12, The figure above is a Venn diagram that represents sets A, B, and C. The number in each region indicates how many elements are in that region. How many elements are common to sets A and B? (A) 27 ®) 17 © 10 ©) 7 ® 5 13. State University plans on accepting a total of 1,000 students for next year's class. Of the 800 students accepted so far, 60 percent are female and 40 percent are male. How many of the remaining students to be accepted must be ‘ale in order for half of the total number of students accepted to be male? (A) 100 B) 120 (©) 160 (@) 180 (©) 200 GO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGEP-P <6 tek 14, If ¢ and & are positive integers in the inequalities above and 1 > k, what isthe value of 1? “wi (B) 2 © 3 @) 4 ) 5 1S. Which ofthe folowing is equivalentto 4 of 23 percent of 618 ? (A) 23% of 309 x 309 (B) 23% of 2 © 24% of 618 23 (D) ze of 309 23 © xo 16. Several values of the function f are shown above. ‘The function g is defined by g(x) = f(3x +1). What isthe value of g(2)? a) 5 (B) -1 © o ) 2 © 4 sen A 5 DD BX 17, Semicircular ares AB, AC, BD, and CD divide the circle above into regions. The points shown along the diameter AD divide it into 6 equal parts. If AD = 6, What is the total area of the shaded regions? (A) 4x @) se © br ©) 12" &) 24r GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >Unauthorized copying or ouse of 7 > Sree 18. Any 2 points determine a tine. If there are 6 points in a plane, no 3 of which lie on the same line, how many lines are determined by pairs of these 6 points? (A) 15 (B) 18 5 © 2 () 30 (E) 36 19. A certain function f has the property that SOx y) = F(2) + F(9) forall values of x and y. Which ofthe following statements ‘mist be true when a = b? 1 fla+b) =2f(@) W. fla+6)=[fla)P UL. f(6) + f(b) = f2a) (A) None. (B) Tonly (©) Land [only (D) Mand If only ©) 111, and OL Beach 20, Ata beach, a rectangular swimming area with dimen- sions x and y meters and a total area of 4,000 square meters is marked off on three sides with rope, as shown above, and bounded on the fourth side by the beach. Additionally, rope is used to divide the area into three smaller rectangular sections. In terms of y, what is the total length, in meters, of the rope that is needed both to bound the three sides of the area and to divide it into sections? A) (B) (© ©) ® STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section In the test.